2. DEFINITION
❖ Communication is a process of relaying information
from a sender to a receiver —> sharing ideas or
messages.
❖ It requires both parties to understand a common
language which is being used in the exchanges.
❖ It is a two-way process : which means that it involves
two people or more.
3. TWO TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
❖ There are two types of communication:
1. Verbal Communication
It is also referred to as spoken communication. This type of
communication involves initiation of conversation with a
combination of speaking and listening skills. For example, face-to-
face conversation, telephone conversation, radio conversation, etc.
2. Non-Verbal Communication
This type of communication involves sending and receiving wordless
messages. Non-verbal language is also known as body language
which refers to, among other things, gestures people make while
speaking, the way they move their eyes and the way they stand.
4. Elements of Communication
1 The sender the originator of any message
2 Written word
a permanent record that can be used as evidence and also
can be read at leisure
3 The Message the idea you wish to communicate
4 Spoken word the use of voice and also body language for communication
5 The medium the means of sending the message
5. Elements of Communication
6
Symbolic
gestures
use tone of voice, posture, gestures, movement, eye contact
for communication
7 The recipient the person who receives the message
8 Visual images
Cartoons, illustrations, graphics, photographs, slides,
drawings.
9 Feedback Final stage in the communication process
10 Multimedia
Newspaper, magazines, radio, cassettes, television, video,
internet, intranet, World Wide Web, CD-ROMs
7. Barriers in Communication
❖ Barriers in communication are the difficulties involved in the
process of communication which distort the message being
properly understand by the receiver
❖ Barriers prevent the communication from being “effective”
8. ❖ Types of barriers in communication:
1. Physical
➡ often due to the nature of environment
2. Psychological
➡ may result from individual’s personal discomfort
3. Language / semantic
➡ occurs when the meaning of a message from the sender differs from its meaning to
the recipient
4. Organisational structure barrier
➡ information through circular notice, etc. which might results in the employee does
not understand lengthy messages.
5. Cross-cultural barrier
➡ Different cultures may have different rules and norms.
