1. Computer HardwareComputer Hardware
ComponentsComponents

2. Computer HardwareComputer Hardware
componentscomponents
Motherboard
CPU
Keyboard
Mouse
RAM
Monitor
Floppy drive
CD-ROM drive
Hard disk drive
DVD Drives

5. Central Processing UnitCentral Processing Unit
The microprocessor consists of
three sections:
1.Arithmetic Logic Unit
2.Registers
3.Control Unit

6. MOTHERBOARDMOTHERBOARD
 Main circuit board inside yourMain circuit board inside your
computer is called acomputer is called a
motherboard.motherboard.
 The motherboard contains theThe motherboard contains the
connectors for attachingconnectors for attaching
additional boards, such as theadditional boards, such as the
CPU, BIOS, memory, massCPU, BIOS, memory, mass
storage interfaces, serial andstorage interfaces, serial and
parallel ports, expansion slotsparallel ports, expansion slots
and all the controllers that areand all the controllers that are
required to control standardrequired to control standard
peripheral devices such as theperipheral devices such as the
display screen, keyboard, anddisplay screen, keyboard, and
hard drive.hard drive.

7. MOTHERBOARDMOTHERBOARD
 Here we see a diagramHere we see a diagram
and a photo of aand a photo of a
motherboard (or mainmotherboard (or main
circuit board).circuit board).
This one is suitable for aThis one is suitable for a
Pentium CPUPentium CPU

8. PCI SLOTSPCI SLOTS
 PCI slotsPCI slots ThisThis
board has 4 slotsboard has 4 slots
for the newer PCIfor the newer PCI
boards forboards for
peripherals likeperipherals like
video cards,video cards,
sound cards,sound cards,
internal modems,internal modems,
etcetc

9. MEMORY SLOTMEMORY SLOT
 Memory slotsMemory slots
There are 4 shortThere are 4 short
slots for SIMMslots for SIMM
memory.memory.
This board hasThis board has
two long slots fortwo long slots for
a new kind ofa new kind of
memory calledmemory called
DIMM DRAM.DIMM DRAM.

10. MOTHERBOARDMOTHERBOARD
 Keyboard plugKeyboard plug :This is where the keyboard attaches, thru the back of the:This is where the keyboard attaches, thru the back of the
computer.computer.
 Power ConnectionsPower Connections This is where the power supply connects to theThis is where the power supply connects to the
motherboardmotherboard
 Processor socketProcessor socket What is visible here is the place where the processorWhat is visible here is the place where the processor
plugs into the motherboard. When the processor is installed, you still can'tplugs into the motherboard. When the processor is installed, you still can't
see it because on top of it is a heat sink and fan to keep the processor cool.see it because on top of it is a heat sink and fan to keep the processor cool.
Hot processors make mistakes or even melt important parts on the chip.Hot processors make mistakes or even melt important parts on the chip.
Different processors are different sizes. So the socket on the motherboardDifferent processors are different sizes. So the socket on the motherboard
has to match the processor. Also, the circuits in the motherboard itself musthas to match the processor. Also, the circuits in the motherboard itself must
be different for different processors.be different for different processors.

11. RAMRAM
 RAM, or Random-Access-RAM, or Random-Access-
Memory, is a type of memory thatMemory, is a type of memory that
accesses faster than main memoryaccesses faster than main memory
(like a hard drive), but that only(like a hard drive), but that only
stores data while the computer isstores data while the computer is
turned on. It is normally used toturned on. It is normally used to
store the program that yourstore the program that your
computer is currently running,computer is currently running,
and any data that program needs.and any data that program needs.
 RAM is divided into small blocksRAM is divided into small blocks
of data, each of which can beof data, each of which can be
accessed by a unique number,accessed by a unique number,
called an address.called an address.

12. MonitorMonitor
The computerThe computer
screen is usedscreen is used
for outputtingfor outputting
information ininformation in
anan
understandableunderstandable
format.format.

13. Floppy driveFloppy drive
 Storage Devices -- "How it saves data andStorage Devices -- "How it saves data and
programs“programs“
- - Hard disk drives are an internal,- - Hard disk drives are an internal,
higher capacity drive which also stores thehigher capacity drive which also stores the
operating system which runs when you poweroperating system which runs when you power
on the computer.-on the computer.-
"Floppy" disk drives allow you to save"Floppy" disk drives allow you to save
work on small disks and take the data withwork on small disks and take the data with
you.you.

14. FEATURES:- FLOPPY DISKFEATURES:- FLOPPY DISK
Diskettes (Floppy Disks)Diskettes (Floppy Disks)
Speed:Speed:
Very slow!Very slow!
Capacity:Capacity:
Normally 1.44 MbytesNormally 1.44 Mbytes..
Cost:Cost:
Very cheapVery cheap..

15. EXTRA FEATURESEXTRA FEATURES

16. Hard DisksHard Disks
Hard DisksHard Disks
 Speed:Speed:
Very fast!Very fast!
The speed of a hard disk is often quotedThe speed of a hard disk is often quoted
as "averageas "average
access time" speed, measured inaccess time" speed, measured in
milliseconds. Themilliseconds. The
smaller this number the faster the disk.smaller this number the faster the disk.
 Capacity:Capacity:
Enormous! Often 40/80 Gigabytes. AEnormous! Often 40/80 Gigabytes. A
Gigabyte isGigabyte is
equivalent to 1024 Megabytes.equivalent to 1024 Megabytes.
 Cost:Cost:
Hard disks costs are falling rapidly andHard disks costs are falling rapidly and
normallynormally
represent the cheapest way of storingrepresent the cheapest way of storing
datadata..

17. CD-ROM driveCD-ROM drive
 They are disc drives which readThey are disc drives which read
Compact Discs (CDs). They areCompact Discs (CDs). They are
transportable and can be usedtransportable and can be used
to perform various tasks suchto perform various tasks such
as reading data from theas reading data from the
computer and listening to audio.computer and listening to audio.
 Data is written on a CD byData is written on a CD by
burning pits into the disc toburning pits into the disc to
produce non-reflective areas.produce non-reflective areas.

18. DVD DrivesDVD Drives
 Computer DVD drives can beComputer DVD drives can be
used to watch DVD video, playused to watch DVD video, play
audio CDs and storeaudio CDs and store
information on DVDs and CDs.information on DVDs and CDs.
DVD drives are now beingDVD drives are now being
installed in new computersinstalled in new computers
instead of CD drives.instead of CD drives.
 Computer DVD drives are ableComputer DVD drives are able
to read data stored on CD-to read data stored on CD-
ROMS and DVDs and can playROMS and DVDs and can play
both video and audio DVDs.both video and audio DVDs.
CD-ROM drives cannot readCD-ROM drives cannot read
DVDs.DVDs.

19. Presented by:-Naveen SihagPresented by:-Naveen Sihag