Presentation created for IAD 2014. TV White Spaces - Nasir Faruk - University of Illorin Nigeria

1. Prospect of TV White Space
Deployment in Africa
By
Nasir Faruk
Department of Telecommunication Science,
University of Ilorin, Nigeria
Head of TV white space research, WaveTek Nig
LTD
Seminar presentation at Innovation Africa Digital Summit, Kairaba, The Gambia, 25th
-27th
March 2014.

2. 2
Outline
 Introduction
 Scarcity of radio spectrum
 Mechanisms to solve the scarcity problems
 What is TV white space (TVWS) ?
 Challenges
 Problems peculiar to Africa and the likes
 Why Unlicensed TVWS and Geo-location Database for Nigeria ?
 Benefits of Using TVWS
 Our Research Efforts so far !
 Research efforts
 Bio-Data of Author
 References

3. 3
Introduction
Cisco Visual Networking Index (VNI) Global Mobile
Data Traffic Forecast
 Monthly global mobile data traffic will surpass 15 exabytes by 2018.
The number of mobile-connected devices will exceed the world’s
population by 2014.
The average mobile connection speed will surpass 2 Mbps by 2016.
Due to increased usage on smartphones, smartphones will reach 66
percent of mobile data traffic by 2018.
Monthly mobile tablet traffic will surpass 2.5 exabyte per month by 2018.
Tablets will exceed 15 percent of global mobile data traffic by 2016.
4G traffic will be more than half of the total mobile traffic by 2018.
There will be more traffic offloaded from cellular networks (on to Wi-Fi)
than remain on cellular networks by 2018.

4. Scarcity of Radio Spectrum
 Radio spectrum is limited
30 Hz (ELF) to 300 GHz (EHF)
 Measurements conducted in so many
countries show the spectrum is under utilized
 So the questions are:
What is responsible for this scarcity?
 How do we meet with the demand for wireless
data service?
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5. Intro (cont…): Mechanisms to solve
the scarcity problems
5
o Market Mechanism: Spectrum
Auction/Trading
o Joint design of primary and secondary
waveforms: Not good for legacy
primaries
o Opportunistic spectrum use by SUs:
Temporal or spatial reuse
WRAN: Wireless regional Area Network
SCC 41: Standardization Coordinating Committee 41

6. 6
Un-used portion of 54-862 MHz : TVWS f(Space, time )
1. Temporal: off periods of TV transmitter
2. Spatial
What is TV White space (TVWS)
Fig 1 : Temporal White space
Fig 2. Spatial TV white space
Grade B contour
Fig 3 TV white space [2]
x
x
x x
x
x
xx
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
White spaces for CH 10

7. Mobile broadband Internet subscriptions in 2012 as a
percentage of a country's population
Fig 4. Source: International Telecommunications Union
AFRICA IS STILL LAGGING BEHIND

8. Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions in 2012 as a
percentage of a country's population
Fig 5. Source: International Telecommunications Union.

9. Other problems peculiar to
Africa and the likes
 Over 60% of Africa populace resides in the rural
communities
 These communities are characterized by poor
infrastructure, low income, adversely scattered
buildings, low literacy level and etc
 Recurrent cost for bandwidth very high in African
region
 Broadband penetration: USA >75%, Nigeria <10 %
 Digital dividend: Global and National: The gap is
widening on daily basis in developing countries 908/04/14

10. Some benefits of providing telecommunication
access using TVWS solution particularly in the
rural Africa
 It is expected to contribute to many social and economic
development
 Local businesses will experience lower communication costs
 Improved access to information about markets and commodity prices
 Potential for growth in entrepreneurship and tourism
 Establishment of new services such as Internet cafes will be
maximised
 Rural communities will gain easier access to information on health,
agriculture, security, distance education services, disaster warning,
access to job information, and closer contact with distant family
members.
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11. Techno-Economic Benefits of
using White Spaces
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Secondary Spectrum Markets and Revenue Generation
Rural and urban Broadband Deployment
 The highly favorable propagation characteristics of the TV broadcast spectrum (as compared to unlicensed 2.4 or 5 GHz
bands) allow for wireless broadband deployment with greater range of operation
Public Safety Communications
 Public agencies can have access better spectrum in the TV band; this would improve the capacity and quality of their
networks, as well as facilitate their expanded use for e-government and consumer services.
Education and Enterprise Video Conferencing
 The TV white spaces could be used to give local high schools and middle-schools the same multimedia capabilities
available to major university campuses:
Personal Consumer Applications
 White space could be used to provide new services and applications to consumers by taking advantage of the improved
signal reliability, capacity, and range of the TV broadcast spectrum.
Mesh and Ad-Hoc Networks
 The TV white spaces could be used to enhance mesh networking. Self-configuring, ad-hoc mesh wireless networks avoid
disruption or failure by re-routing around node failures or congestion areas, thereby enabling more robust and reliable
communications.
 Security Applications
The favorable propagation and bandwidth characteristics of the TV broadcast spectrum could enable enhanced video security
applications for commercial, residential, and government purposes.


12. Challenges
 Regulatory difficulties: The critical
issue is the development of spectrum
access rule that would allow the
spectrum efficiently utilized without
causing interference to primary users
(TV broadcast system)
12

13. Why Unlicensed TVWS and Geo-
location Database for Africa ?
 World Summit on Information Society (WSIS):- By
2015:
 All persons, schools, health centres, governments, institutions and
businesses should be connected in a global digital network
 National ICT Target Indices: By 2015,
 The number of internet users should 70 million
 Mobile penetration 80%
 Internet penetration 34% and
 Broadband penetration 12% .
1308/04/14

14. Deployment Scenarios in TVWS
14
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Fig 6. Spatial reuse of spectrum between PU and SU Fig 7. Coverage of rural area using CR technologies
CH 21
CH 41
CH 61
CH 21
CH 21
CH 41
CH 41
CH 41

15.  UMTS and LTE extension over TVWS
 WiFi-2 in TVWS
 WiMAX in TVWS
 Public safety and disaster relief networks
 PMSE
15
Potential Application Scenarios
UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
LTE: Long Term Evolution
WiFi: Wireless Fidelity
WiMAX: Worldwide Interoperability Microwave Access
PMSE: Programmable Making and Special Events

16. The TVWS drivers in Nigeria
 Government
 Academia
 WaveTek Nig Ltd : The main company
responsible for the deployment and
research in TVWS
1608/04/14

17. Who are WaveTek?
 WaveTek is one of 16 founding members of the
“Dynamic Spectrum Alliance”, which includes
Microsoft and Google.
 The Dynamic Spectrum Alliance will promote
regulatory policies that will pave the way for
innovative new wireless technologies that
address growing wireless data and digital divide
challenges.
 WaveTek Nigeria, partners; BridgeWave
Communications and Carlson Wireless
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18. Efforts so far!
 Research efforts to unveil this resource
 Deployment prototype in South Africa and
Kenya
 Preliminary surveys conducted in
University of Ilorin, Ilorin, and Kano
University of Science and Technology,
Wudil, Kano state, Nigeria by WaveTek for
the deployment of TVWS solution
1808/04/14

19. Other efforts
 We have to assess the efficacy of 12 empirical
models in predicting TV signal
 We have developed a model that gives better
prediction of TV signal in our region
 We have also developed TV spectrum sharing
model that allows simultaneous transmission of
primary and secondary users
 We have also developed a prototype of spatial
interpolation of available TV channels in Nigeria
1908/04/14

20. Spatial Interpolation of Available TV
channels in Nigeria
20
Fig 8.

21. Acknowledgements
• WaveTek Nig Ltd for travel grants and
research supports
• Extensia ltd for giving us the opportunity to
disseminates this information
• University of Ilorin for research grants and
purchased of equipments used in this study
• Government of Gambia
21

22. Authors Bio-data
Is a lecturer in the department of Telecommunication Science,
University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. He received his B.sc (Hons)
in Physics with first class honours from KUST Wudil, Kano
State, Nigeria and M.sc in Mobile and High Speed
Telecommunication Networks with distinction from Oxford
Brookes University, Oxford, UK. He is rounding his PhD
research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering at University
of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria. Where he researched on development
of Model for maximizing spatial TV white space. He has over 19
published journal and conference papers. His current research
interest includes design, analysis and optimization of Wireless
communication networks, Wireless mesh and sensor networks,
spectrum management, channel modeling, disaster and public
safety networks and multiservice networks.
Mobile: +234 (8)0324 281 41, 805 454 9807
Email: faruk.n@unilorin.edu.ng, nasirfaruk@gmail.com,
nasirfaruk@ieee.org
22

23. 23
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