Classification of Research

1. KINDS AND
CLASSIFICATIONS
OF RESEARCH
(ACCORDING TO DIFFERENT FEATURES)
(Calderon and Gonzales, 1993)Clipart.com

2. There are many kinds of classification of research which are
classified according to their distinctive features. Some of the
classifications are as follows:
1. According to Purpose
2. According to Goal
3. According to the Levels of Investigation
4. According to the Type of Analysis
5. According to Scope
6. According to the Choice of Answers to Problems
7. According to Statistical Content
8. According to Time Element

3. According to Purpose
A. Predictive or Prognostic – it has the purpose to
determine the future operation of the variables under
investigation with the aim of controlling or redirecting such for
the better.
Ex. If you have a business and are trying out some unique
marketing tricks, you might come up with some interesting
questions. One might be: Which cities do the highest spenders
come from? This type of question is fairly rote business
intelligence.
Predictive analysis, however, asks this: What level of sales
can I expect from a given city?

4. According to Purpose
B. Directive – it determines what should
be done based on the findings.
Ex. A company might have a directive to sell
more chocolate bars than another
maker. If this research uncovers that a rival
company is selling a chocolate bar at a
lower price, the researching company could
choose to lower it prices to stay in more
direct competition

5. According to Purpose
C. Illuminative – it is concerned with
the interaction of the components
of the variable being investigated
Ex. Connections among, students
characteristics, organizational patterns
and policies and educational
consequences

6. According to Goal
A. Basic or Pure (Theoritical) – it is done for the
development of theories and principles. It is conducted for
intellectual pleasure of learning.
Ex. How did the universe begin?
What are protons, neutrons, and electrons composed of?
How do slime molds reproduce?
What is the specific genetic code of the fruit fly?

7. According to Goal
B. Applied (Practical)– the application of pure research.
This is testing the efficiency of theories and principles.
Ex. Improve agricultural crop production.
Treat or cure a specific disease.
Improve the energy efficiency of homes, offices, or modes of
transportation.

8. According to the Level of
Investigation
A.Exploratory – the researcher studies the
variables pertinent to a specific situation.
Ex. The owner of The Cupcake King has many ideas for
improving the bakery's sales but isn't sure which will
work. They think increasing the flavors of cupcakes
the bakery sells will bring in more customers but know
they need more information. They intend to conduct ER
to investigate whether expanding their cupcake
selection will lead to an increase in sales, or if
there is a better idea.

9. According to the Level of
Investigation
B. Descriptive – the researcher studies the
relationships of the variables.
Ex. Do corporate leaders of multinational companies in
the 21stcentury possess moral rights to receive multi-
million bonuses?
What are the main distinctive traits of organizational
culture of McDonald’s?

10. According to the Level of
Investigation
C. Experimental – the researcher studies
the effects of the variables on each other.
Ex. Science Investigatory Projects
Experimental research seeks to determine a relationship
between two (2) variables—the dependent variable
and the independent variable. After completing an
experimental research study, a correlation between a specific
aspect of an entity and the variable being studied is either
supported or rejected.

11. According to the Types of
Analysis
A. Analytic Approach – the researcher
attempts to identify and isolate the components
of the research situation.
Ex. the use of an appropriate process to break a
problem down into the elements necessary to
solve it. Each element becomes a smaller and easier
problem to solve.

12. According to the Types of
Analysis
B. Holistic Approach – this
begins with the total situation,
focusing attention on the system first
and on its internal relationships.
Ex. directly grasp the whole without
consideration of the parts.

13. According to Scope
Action Research
This involves the application of
the steps of the scientific method in the
classroom problems.
This type of research is done on a very
limited scope to solve a particular
problem which is not so big.

14. According to Choice of
Answers to Problems
A. Evaluation research – All possible
courses of action are specified and identified
and the researcher.
Ex. How satisfied are you with our product?
Did the program produce intended outcomes?
What were the unintended outcomes?
Has the program increased the knowledge of
participants?

15. According to Choice of
Answers to Problems
B. Developmental research – the focus is
on finding or developing
a more suitable instrument or process
than has been available.
Ex. A study focused on the progressive
changes that occur as an organism develops.

16. According to Statistical
Content
A. Quantitative or Statistical Research – is
one in which inferential statistics are utilized
to determine the results of the study.
Ex. Regarding alcohol (Alcohol addiction among
high schoolers , or among women : How alcohol
has effected to human health: Drinking pattern
and reasons for drinking : You can compare
yearly how it has changed and so on.)

17. According to Statistical
Content
B. Non-quantitative Research (Qualitative)–
this is research in which the use of the quantity or
statistics is practically not utilize
Ex. “What is the relationship between the arts,
entrepreneurship and innovation in the workplace?”
“What are human rights?”

18. According to Time Element
3 MAJOR RESEARCH METHODS
A. Historical research – describes
what was.
B. Descriptive research – describes
what is.
C. Experimental research – describes
what will be.