3. Introduction to Cloud Computing
• Technologies such as cluster, grid, and now
cloud computing, have all aimed at allowing
access to large amounts of computing power in
a fully virtualized manner, by aggregating
resources and offering a single system view.
• In addition, an important aim of these
technologies has been delivering computing
as a Utility.
4. • Utility computing describes a business model for
on-demand delivery of computing power.
consumers pay providers based on usage
• “pay as-you-go”.
• Cloud computing is a model on which a computing
infrastructure is viewed as a “cloud,” from which
businesses and individuals access applications
from any where in the world on demand.
• The main principle behind this model is offering
computing, storage, and software “as a service.”
5. Cloud Computing Definitions
• “Cloud is a parallel and distributed computing
system consisting of a collection of
inter-connected and virtualized computers that are
dynamically provisioned and presented as one or
more unified computing resources based on
service-level agreements (SLA) established
through negotiation between the service provider
and consumers.”
• Cloud Computing refers to the applications and
services that run on a distributed network using
virtualized resources and accessed by common
internet protocols and Networking standards.
6. • The Cloud computing Systems are divided in to
Two classifications of Models
1) Deployment Model.
2) Service Model.
• Deployment Models tells you where the cloud
is located and for what purpose.
• Service Models describe the type of service
that the service provider is offering.
7. Layers and Types of Clouds
• 1) Deployment Model
Public Cloud
Private Cloud
Hybrid Cloud
• 2) Service Model
Software as a Service(SaaS)
Platform as a Service(PaaS)
Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS)
9. 1.Deployment Models
• Public Cloud: The Public cloud infrastructure is
available for public use as a Pay per usage
manner and is owned by an organization
selling cloud services.
• Private Cloud: The Private cloud infrastructure
is operated for the exclusive use of an
organization. The cloud may be managed by
the organization or a 3rd
party. Private clouds
mostly located with in the premises. (on
Campus)
10. • Hybrid Cloud( Private + Public ): A Hybrid
cloud takes shape when a Private cloud is
supplemented with computing capacity from
Public Cloud.
Note: The approach of temporarily renting
capacity to handle spikes in load is known as
“cloud-bursting”
12. ROOTS OF CLOUD COMPUTING
• The advancement of several technologies, especially in
• Distributed computing (clusters, grids) and
• Hardware (Hardware virtualization, multi-core chips),
• Internet technologies (Web services, service-oriented
architectures, Web 2.0), and
• Systems management. (autonomic computing, Data
center automation).
• Contributed to the evolution of Cloud Computing.
13.
14. Cluster Vs Grid & Cloud computing
• Cluster is a group of computers connected by a local
area network (LAN)
• Grid and Cloud are more wide scale and can be
geographically distributed (WAN)
• Cluster is a Tightly coupled , made up of machines
with similar hardware and OS.
• Grid and cloud are Loosely Coupled and made up of
machines with different hardware configurations
and OS.
• Cluster is a Homogeneous and Grid & Cloud are
Heterogeneous.
15. Grid Vs Cloud
• Resource distribution: Grid is a decentralized
cloud computing is a centralized.
• Administration : Grid have many administrative
domains. Cloud computing has a single
administrative domain.
• Ownership: Grid is owned by multiple parties in
multiple locations. Cloud computing is a
collection of computers usually owned by a
single party.
17. • Cloud computing services are usually backed by
large-scale Data Centers composed of thousands of
computers. Such data centers are built to serve many
users and host many Applications.
• For this purpose, hardware virtualization can be
considered as a perfect fit to overcome most
operational issues of data center building and
maintenance.
• The idea of virtualizing a computer system’s resources,
including Processors, memory, and I/O devices, has
been well established for decades, aiming at improving
sharing and utilization of computer systems
18. • Hardware virtualization allows running multiple
Operating systems and Software stacks on a single
physical platform.
• The virtual machine monitor (VMM), also called a
Hypervisor, mediates access to the physical
hardware.
• Management of workload in a virtualized system,
namely Isolation, Consolidation, and Migration.
• The most popular hypervisors are VMWare, Xen,
and KVM (kernel-based virtual machine)
19. • Service-oriented architecture (SOA) is a style
of software design where services are provided
to the other components by application
components, through a communication
protocol over a network.
• A SOA service is a discrete unit of functionality
that can be accessed remotely and acted upon
and updated independently, such as retrieving a
credit card statement online.
Internet Technologies
20. • WEB 2.0: The second stage of development of the
Internet, characterized especially by the change from
static web pages to dynamic or user-generated
content and the growth of social media.
• WEB SERVICES : A web service is any piece of
software that makes itself available over the internet
and uses a standardized XML messaging system. XML
is used to encode all communications to a web
service. A web service is a collection of open
protocols and standards used for exchanging data
between applications or systems.
21. • Mashups: A Mashup in web development, is a
web page or web application that uses content
from more than one source to create a single
new service displayed in a single graphical
interface.
• Mashups can be considered to have an active
role in the evolution of social software and Web
2.0.
22. Systems Management
• Autonomic Computing.
• Data Center Automation.
• The increasing complexity of computing systems has
motivated research on autonomic computing, which
seeks to improve systems by decreasing human
involvement in their operation. In other words,
systems should manage themselves, with high-level
guidance from humans.
• The four properties of autonomic systems:
self-configuration, self optimization, self-healing, and
self-protection.
23. DESIRED FEATURES OF A CLOUD
• Self Service
• Per Usage Metering and Billing.
• Elasticity
• Customization
24. CLOUD INFRASTRUCTURE MANAGER
• The Orchestration of resource must be
performed in a way to rapidly and dynamically
provision resources to applications or users.
• The software tool kit responsible for this
orchestration is called the Virtual infrastructure
Manager(VIM).
• It is also called as Cloud Operating System or
Infrastructure sharing software or Virtual
infrastructure Engine.
25. Features of VIM
• Virtualization
• Self service, on demand resource provisioning
• Multiple backend hypervisors
• Storage Virtualization
• Interface to Public Clouds
• Virtual Networks
• Dynamic Resource Allocation
• Reservation and Negotiation
• High Availability and Data Recovery
26. INFRASTRUCTURE AS A SERVICE
PROVIDERS
• Public Infrastructure as a Service providers
commonly offer virtual servers.
• containing one or more CPUs, running several
choices of operating systems and a customized
software stack.
• In addition, storage space and communication
facilities are often provided.
27. Features of IaaS
• Geographic Presence
• User interfaces and Access to Servers.
• Advanced Reservation of Capacity.
• Automatic Scaling and Load Balancing.
• Service Level Agreements.
• Hypervisor and OS choice.
Examples: Amazon EC2(Elastic Computer Cloud),
Flexiscale, GoGrid, RackSpace etc
28. PLATFORM AS A SERVICE PROVIDERS
• Public Platform as a Service providers commonly
offer a development and deployment
environment that allow users to create and run
their applications
• with little or no concern to low-level details of
the platform.
• In addition, specific programming languages and
frameworks are made available in the platform,
as well as other services such as persistent data
storage and inmemory caches.
29. Features of PaaS
• Programming Models, Languages, and
Frameworks.
• Persistence Options.
• Examples: Google AppEngine, Force.com,
Microsoft Azure, Aneka, Amazon Elastic
MapReduce.
30. CHALLENGES AND RISKS
• Security, Privacy, and Trust.
• Data Lock-In and Standardization.
• Availability, Fault-Tolerance, and Disaster
Recovery.
• Resource Management and Energy-Efficiency
