1. CARDIOVASCULAR DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURESby Nadia Abdulallah

2. Different types of diagnostic tests and procedures are used to determine if a person has cardiovascular disease, the type of disease, the severity, and the most effective treatment methods.

3. CARDIAC ENZYMES It is a blood test to determine the level of enzymes such as creatinephosphokinase (CPK); lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); glutamicoxaloacetictransaminase (GOT) and the protein troponin (TnT) specific to heart muscles in the blood. Low levels of these enzymes and proteins are normally found in your blood, but if your heart muscle is injured, such as from a heart attack (myocardial infarction), the enzymes and proteins leak out of damaged heart muscle cells, and their levels in the bloodstream rise.

5. Check for injury to the heart after bypass surgery.

7. Stress testing It is a method for evaluating cardiovascular fitness. The patient is placed on a treadmillor a bicycle and then subjected to steadily increasing levels of work. An EKG and oxygen levels are taken while the patient exercises. The test is stopped if abnormalities occur on the EKG. Also called an exercise test or a treadmill test.

8. Ekg (electrocardiography)- STRESS TESTING

9. WHAT IS EKG ??? EKG (Electrocardiogram) is a transthoracic interpretation of the electrical activity of the heart over time captured and externally recorded by skin electrodes

10. ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY It is noninvasive (doesn't involve breaking the skin or entering body cavities) diagnostic method using ultrasoundto visualize internal cardiac structures. It uses standard ultrasound techniques to image two-dimensional slices of the heart. The latest ultrasound systems now employ 3D real-time imaging.

11. THE PURPOSE OF ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY It is one of the most widely used diagnostic tests for cardiovascular disease. It can provide a wealth of helpful information, including the sizeand shape of the heart, its pumping capacity and the location and extent of any damage to its tissues. It is especially useful for assessing diseases of the heart valves. It not only allows doctors to evaluate the heart valves, but it can detect abnormalities in the pattern of blood flow, such as the backward flow of blood through partly closed heart valves, known as regurgitation.

12. ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

13. “Kiwi is another good source of fiber so it can help lower cholesterol levels, which can reduce the risk of the heart disease and heart attack”