2. The Universe
There are a lot of celestial bodies in the
universe: stars, planets and satellites.
Stars are big balls of gas.
They produce light and heat.
Planets are celestial
bodies. They rotate around
a star.
Satellites are celestial
bodies. They rotate around
a planet.
3. The stars and the Sun
Stars are not all the same. They are different
sizes and colours. Stars have different
temperatures.
The Sun is a star. It is the nearest
star to the Earth.
Stars form groups of stars
called constellations.
It is a medium sized star.
The Sun is very important. Life
exists on Earth because of the Sun.
4. The Planets
There are eight planets in the solar system.
The planets rotate around the Sun.
Jupiter is the biggest planet.
Mercury – Venus – Earth – Mars – Jupiter
–Saturn – Uranus – Neptune
Mercury is the smallest planet.
Saturn has rings.
Earth is between Venus and
Mars.
5. The Earth
We live on the planet Earth. The earth rotates
around its axis – on imaginary line through
the North and South Poles.
Most of the earth is covered by
water.
The imaginary line around the
middle of the Earth is called the
equator. It is the widest part of the
Earth.
6. How the Earth moves
The Earth rotates around its axis. It takes 24 hours
to complete the rotation. This movement produces day
and night in different places on Earth.
The Earth moves around the Sun.
It takes 365 days (a year) to move
around the Sun. This movement
produces the four seasons: spring,
summer, autumm and winter.
When it is day in London, it is
night in Australia.
7. The Moon
The Moon is a satellite. It moves around the
Earth.
The Moon has four phases: full moon, first
quarter moon, new moon and third quarter
moon.
The Moon does not produce light. It reflects
the light from the Sun.
8. Cardinal points
Cardinal points help us orient ourselves.
The Sun rises in the
east and sets in the
west. We can use a
compass to orient
ourselves or we can
use the Pole Star.
The cardinal points are north, south, east
and west.
