1. Neurologic Trauma

2. Head Injury Brain Injury Spinal Injury

3. Head Injury

6. Brain suffers from traumatic injury Brain swelling or bleeding increases intracranial volume Rigid cranium allows no room for expansion of contents so ICP increases Pressure on blood vessels within the brain causes blood flow to the brain slowly Cerebral hypoxia and ischemia occurs Intracranial pressure continues to rise. Brain may herniate Cerebral blood flow decreases Pathophysiology

14. Assessment and Diagnostic Findings

17. Medical Management

32. Back to topic

33. Brain injury

52. Back to topic

53. Spinal Injury

72. 3. Lumbar and Sacral injuries - The effect of injuries to the lumbar or sacral region of the spinal canal are decreased control of the legs and hips, urinary system, and anus.

73. Central Cord and Other Syndromes 1. Central cord syndrome - is a form of incomplete spinal cord injury characterized by impairment in the arms and hands and, to a lesser extent, in the legs. - This is also referred to as inverse paraplegia, because the hands and arms are paralyzed while the legs and lower extremities work correctly. - Most often the damage is to the cervical or upper thoracic regions of the spinal cord, and characterized by weakness in the arms with relative sparing of the legs with variable sensory loss.

75. 2. Anterior cord syndrome - is also an incomplete spinal cord injury. Below the injury, motor function, pain sensation, and temperature sensation is lost; touch, proprioception (sense of position in space), and vibration sense remain intact. 3. Brown-Séquard syndrome - usually occurs when the spinal cord is hemisectioned or injured on the lateral side. On the ipsilateral side of the injury (same side), there is a loss of motor function, proprioception, vibration, and deep touch. Contralaterally (opposite side of injury), there is a loss of pain, temperature, and light touch sensations.