2. World War I
Causes WWI Effects
Europe
1914-
1919
•Militarism
(Industrial Rev.)
•Alliances
•Imperialism
•Nationalism
•Assassination of
archduke Francis
Ferdinand in the
Balkan powder keg by
Serbian nationalist
•Germany blamed Treaty
of Versailles Depression
Hitler/WWII
•New countries in Eastern
Europe
•League of Nations created
but very weak
•Mandates created in Middle
East
•Nationalist movements
3. World War II
Causes WWII Effects
1939-
1945
•Appeasement
•League of Nations
weak
•Great Depression
weakens capitalist
democracies
•Treaty of Versailles
punished Central
Powers
•Fascist dictators rise
to power
•Germany and Japan are
occupied and controlled by
U.S., Western Europe
•Europe’s economies ruined,
lose grip on colonies
•U.S. vs Soviet Union (CW)
•Nuclear Age
•Eastern Europe conquered and
controlled by Stalin (Iron
Curtain)
•Geneva Conventions,
Universal Decl. of Human
Rights
•United Nations created,
stronger than the L of N
4. Cold War
Causes Cold War Effects
1945-
1990
•End of WWII
•Superpowers:
U.S. and U.S.S.R.
•Conflict of
ideologies
(Communism vs.
capitalism/democracy)
•Division of Berlin &
Germany (Yalta Conference)
•NATO & Warsaw Pact
•Arms Race (nuclear
proliferation)
•Space Race
•Korean War, 1950-1953
•Cuban Missile Crisis
•Vietnam War, 1964-1975
•Détente, 1963-1979
•Fall of Berlin Wall, 1989
•Collapse of communism
5. Human Rights Violations
Ukraine South Africa Rwanda
•Stalin implements
Five Year Plan and
collective farms
•Kulaks (wealthy,
industrialized
farmers) in Ukraine
protest
•Forced famine
•The state sets high
quotas a takes food
grown
•Imperialism = white
control of South
Africa
•Apartheid in South
Africa (separation of
the races) blacks
can’t vote, public
facilities separated
•Nelson Mandela,
Desmond Tutu use
civil disobedience to
end it
•Berlin Conference
(1884) causes ethnic
conflict
•Hutu extremists
attack Tutsi
minorities
•1 million dead in
100 days
•UN involvement
•Mass migration
from Rwanda
6. Human Rights Violations
Cambodia Myanmar Sudan
•American forces leave
Vietnam
•Communist rebels in the
Khmer Rouge under
Pol Pot come to power
•Slaughtered over one
million Cambodians to
rid Cambodia of Western
influence
•Fighting continued until
the 1990s
•Repressive military
takes over when
British leave
•Struggles with
poverty and ethnic
tensions
•Aung San Suu
Kyi has led a
democratic
movement against
military rule
•Won recent elections
under international
pressure
•Arab Muslims
(janjaweed)
attacking Black
Muslims in Darfur
(South Sudan)
• Refugee crisis as
people flee Darfur
•Sudan rich in oil =
no U.N. intervention
•Country now
divided into N & S,
still violence today
7. Modern Crisis in the Middle East
Secular vs.
Traditional
Palestine/
Israel
The 21st
Century
•Islamic
Fundamentalism
(struggle between
Western/ Technology
ideas and traditional
Islam
•Examples: Iranian
Revolution with rise of
Ayatollah Khomeini
•Taliban in
Afghanistan
•Anti-semitism
throughout world
•Created Israel in
1947 as homeland to
Jews
•Desire for homeland
= Jewish and Arab
nationalism
•Extremists
preventing peace
process from both
sides
•2 state solution?
•9/11 attacks led to
increase US presence
in Middle East (Iraq
and Afghanistan)
•Led to women’s
rights but more anti-
West sentiments
