2. CRIME
Definition
A crime is an act, that a person does, which is against the laws of a
country or region. A person who does this is called a criminal.
The basic idea of what things are called "crimes" is that they are
thought to be things that might cause a problem for another
person.
Things like killing another person, injuring another person, or
stealing from another person are crimes in most countries.
3. MORE ABOUT CRIME RATES
In recent years, crime rates have gone up dramatically in big cities
all around the world.
People who have migrated from rural areas to big cities have
underlined an unlimited security problems.
With the rapid urbanization and development of big cities and
towns, the graph of crimes is also on the increase.
This phenomenal rise in offences and crime in cities is a matter of
great concern and alarm to all of us. There are robberies, murders,
rapes and what not.
4. Cont…
The frequent and repeated thefts, robberies, murders, killings,
rapes, shoplifting, pick pocketing, drug- abuse, illegal trafficking,
smuggling, theft of vehicles etc., have made the common citizens to
have sleepless nights and restless days.
The criminals have been operating in an organized way and
sometimes even have nationwide and international connections
and links.
The crime situation in other metropolitan cities like karachi, lahore,
multan and queta etc is almost the same.
5. TYPES OF CRIME
There are many different types of crimes, from crimes against
persons to victimless crimes and violent crimes to white collar
crimes.
Crimes Against Persons
Crimes against persons, also called personal crimes, include murder,
aggravated assault, rape, and robbery. Personal crimes are
unevenly distributed in the United States, with young, urban, poor,
and racial minorities committing these crimes more than others.
6. TYPES OF CRIME
Crimes Against Property
Property crimes involve theft of property without bodily harm, such
as burglary, larceny, auto theft, and arson. Like personal crimes,
young, urban, poor, and racial minorities generally commit these
crimes more than others.
Crimes Against Morality
Crimes against morality are also called victimless crimes because
there is not complainant, or victim. Prostitution, illegal gambling,
and illegal drug use are all examples of victimless crimes.
7. TYPES OF CRIME
White-Collar Crime
White-collar crimes are crimes that committed by people of high
social status who commit their crimes in the context of their
occupation. This includes embezzling (stealing money from one’s
employer), insider trading, and tax evasion and other violations of
income tax laws.
Organized Crime
Organized crime is crime committed by structured groups typically
involving the distribution of illegal goods and services to others.
8. TYPES OF CRIME
Many people think of the Mafia when they think of organized
crime, but the term can refer to any group that exercises control
over large illegal enterprises (such as the drug trade, illegal
gambling, prostitution, weapons smuggling, or money laundering).
Cyber Crime
Offences that are committed against individuals or groups of
individuals with a criminal motive to intentionally harm the
reputation of the victim or cause physical or mental harm, or loss,
to the victim directly or indirectly, using modern
telecommunication networks such as Internet (networks including
but not limited to Chat rooms, emails, notice boards and groups)
and mobile phones.
9. CAUSES OF CRIME
POVERTY
It is considered a main reason about why crimes are
happening. From simple theft to burglary crimes, the
number of cases mentioned are really high.
The society today bombards the people with commercial
values, making people want more and more material
things, to the point that some people would do
everything, like a crime act, just to get them.
10. CAUSES OF CRIME
POOR PARENTING
Also one reason why younger criminals are committing a crime.
From lack of parental control, monitoring and supervision, harsh
kind of discipline, having a criminal or alcoholic parent, it will most
likely affect the child's psychological mind.
He will think that it is right to commit a crime when his parents also
do it. With poor parenting skills, children will not be guided from
what is right from wrong.
11. CAUSES OF CRIME
DRUGS and ALCOHOL
Some social factors have a strong influence over an individual's
ability to make choices. Alcohol and drug abuse is one factor. The
urge to commit a crime just to support a drug habit really
influences the decision process.
Both alcohol and drugs reduce inhibitions, giving a person the
greater courage to commit such crime. That's why a lot of crime
related cases are associated with drugs and alcohol according to Los
Angeles criminal attorney.
12. CAUSES OF CRIME
PEER INFLUENCE
A person's peer group is the major reason and strongly influences a
decision to commit a crime. Youths may join criminal gangs, where
they can be respected in a different way.
In gangs, anti-social behavior and other criminal activities, earn
respect and credibility for the group. Criminal gangs are usually
focused on material things and they have no fear because of their
number doing a certain crime.
13. CAUSES OF CRIME
POOR JUDGEMENT
Sometimes lack or proper education and good role- models causes
many people to fail to distinguish the right from wrong. In most
cases, criminals don't think they are doing something wrong, it only
seems right from their point of view.
Poor judgment is sometimes reflected in knowing it is wrong, but
thinking they could always get away with it, not getting caught.
14. CAUSES OF CRIME
LACK OF LOVE
Being born and raised in a dysfunctional kind of family or coming
from a disadvantaged background, or feeling discriminated can
eventually result to crime but not directly the reason for it.
Others are also in the same condition, but do not commit a crime.
However, the lack of love and respect can be a major issue related
to crime.
Unemployment
This skyrocketing factor in many countries is often the main reason
why so many people commit crimes. You will be shocked to know
more than 30% of people in this world are unemployed.
15. CAUSES OF CRIME
It is quite frustrating after one fails to get a job post studying for years in
high school and university. Unemployment is not just an issue relevant to
the developing countries but equally common in developed countries.
Unfortunately people spend a lot of money on their education, but
seldom come across a good job immediately post the completion of their
studies. Most youngsters destroy their careers when they engage in
criminal activities very early on in their lives.
Family Conditions
Family is also a weak point of any person who is about to commit a crime.
If you’re not being able to provide for the entire family as a poor person,
at one point in time you will think of walking the negative path to get
what your family needs.
16. CAUSES OF CRIME
In most cases, when people are asked, they claim they need to
provide for the family because of which they end up getting
stuck behind bars. There are many things which go on within
the family, compelling a person to get involved in criminal
activities.
Many young people engage in criminal activities for they
believe it is their responsibility to take care of family even if it
means to commit a felony. In many murder cases, young
people are often caught who then explained how the rich
bribe them handsomely to do something they’re not
supposed to.
17. IMPACTS OF CRIME
Victims
Criminals
Communities
Country
Victims
Social Impact
If someone has been the victim of a crime it may impact their social
life and relationships. If they have been the victim of a violent crime
such as an assault they may have lost the confidence to go out and
meet friends.
18. IMPACTS OF CRIME
Financial Impact
People who have had a break-in will either have the cost of
replacing stolen goods or losing their no claims bonus on the
household insurance. Also, victims of crime may find that they can’t
go to work and therefore there may be a loss of wages.
Physical Impact
People who have been the victim of crime may face the physical
effects of that crime. For example, people who have been assaulted
are often left with cuts and/or bone breakages. Also, they may face
mental conditions such as stress or depression.
19. IMPACTS OF CRIME
Criminals
Social Impact
People who have been convicted of committing a crime often lose
the support of friends of family. This is particularly the case in white
collar crimes where the criminal is shunned by friends, family and
colleagues. Also, criminals who are given prison sentences lose
daily contact with their families.
Financial Impact
People who have been convicted of a crime will have a criminal
record will find it very difficult to get a job. Particularly during times
of recession where jobs are in high demand.
20. IMPACTS OF CRIME
Physical Impact
Convicted criminals who undertake a prison sentence face a
number of physical problems.
Firstly, drug abuse is extremely high in prison. A high ratio of
prisoners go into prison with drug habits and continue this habit
during their sentence.
However, there are a significant number of prisoners who go into
prison ‘clean’ and leave with an addiction. Also, mental health
issues such as depression and self harming are common problems
amongst prisoners.
21. IMPACTS OF CRIME
Community
Social Impact
Communities that suffer from high levels of crime suffer from a
number of social problems. These include poor health due to
significant levels of drug and alcohol abuse.
Also, poor education standards due to poor discipline and
attendance. This is demonstrated in many of the poorer parts of
Glasgow such as Drumchapel.
22. IMPACTS OF CRIME
Financial Impact
Communities that have high levels of crime tend to have a ‘bad’
reputation. Companies & businesses will not settle in areas that
have a bad reputation, therefore these areas tend to lack job
opportunities. Communities such as Auchinleck are a good example
of the financial impact of crime.
Physical Impact
The physical environment in a high crime area tends to be
rundown. Crimes such as vandalism means that there will be a
great deal of graffiti, play parks and bus stops will be damaged and
cars may be burnt out.
23. IMPACTS OF CRIME
Country
Social Impact
Crime impacts a country’s standard of health. Illegal drug addiction
can lead to organ failure and diseases such as Hepatitis and
HIV/Aids.
Violent crimes such as assaults and knife attacks can lead to organ
failure, bone breakages, paralysis etc. Clearly, crime impacts the
health of a nation.
24. IMPACTS OF CRIME
Financial Impact
Crime costs a country a great deal of money. The cost of the police,
courts and prisons is huge. For example, on average it costs the
British taxpayer £32,000 per year to keep someone prison. Also,
crime costs the NHS money. The NHS has to treat drug addicts and
the victims of violent crime.
Physical Impact
Crime has a negative impact on the physical environment of many
poor communities of a country like Scotland. Vandalism and arson
result on entire areas looking rundown and unwelcoming. This
affects the reputation of an entire country.
