Computer Hardware, its parts and functions

1. COMPUTER
HARDWARE
PARTS & FUNCTIONS
By: Murari Gupta

2. Quick Overview Of PC Hardwares

3. EXTERNAL COMPONENTS

4. MOUSE
● Pointing device that sends
control signal to the computer
How does it work?
The photocell has a lens in front of it that magnifies
the reflected light, so the mouse can respond more
precisely to your hand movements. As you push the mouse
around your desk, the pattern of reflected light changes,
and the chip inside the mouse uses this to figure out how
you're moving your hand

5. MONITORS
● It is used to display data in visual form
How does it work?
CRT MONITORS
cathode ray tube, a CRT is the electron beams in
a monitor that move across your screen either
interlaced or non-interlaced(scanned in such a way that
alternate lines form one sequence which is followed by the
other lines in a second sequence), hitting phosphor dots
on the inside glass tube

6. KEYBOARDS
● This contains set of keys that are used to input
characters (letters, numbers) and control signals
into the computer.
How does it work?
Has its own processor and circuitry that carries
information to and from the processor. When you press a
key, it presses a switch, completing the circuit and
allowing a tiny amount of current to flow through. The
mechanical action of the switch causes some vibration,
called bounce, which the processor filters out and sends
the input to computer in the binary form.

7. INTERNAL COMPONENTS

8. DATA STORAGE DEVICES
● A data storage device is a device for recording
(storing) information (data)
SSD(solid state drive)
● It uses semiconductor chips, not magnetic media,
to store data
● chips used in a solid-state drive deliver
non-volatile memory, meaning the data stays put
even without power

9. RAM(random access memory)
● It is the temporary storage device of the
computer. It is used to hold the data that the
computer is working on.
ROM(read only memory)
● Data stored in these chips is nonvolatile -- it is not
lost when power is removed.
● Data stored in these chips is either unchangeable
or requires a special operation to change
Types of ROM
● PROM(programmable ROM):can be updated only
once(buys blank rom and set som code of
instruction)
● EPROM(erasable and programmable ROM): can
be erased and reprogrammed, where data is
erased under UV ray for 40 minutes

10. CPU(central processing unit)
CPU has two components:
1. Control Unit: extracts instructions from
memory and decodes and executes them
2. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): handles
arithmetic and logical operations
Cores of CPU
Processors can have a single core or multiple cores. A
processor with two cores is called a dual-core processor,
four cores is quad-core, etc. up to eight cores. The more
cores a processor has, the more sets of instructions the
processor can receive and process at the same time,
which makes the computer faster

11. MOTHERBOARD
It is the main circuit board of the computer that
connects all other parts.
Expansion slots or ports
● AGP - Video card.
● AMR - Modem, sound card.
● CNR - Modem, network card, sound card.
● EISA - SCSI, network card, video card.
● ISA - Network card, sound card, video card.
● PCI - Network card, SCSI, sound card, video card.
● PCI Express - Video card, modem, sound card,
network card.
● VESA - Video card.

12. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
Minimum system requirements:
1. OS: Windows 7/8/10 64bit
2. CPU: Intel Core i3 4xxx 2.4Ghz
3. GPU: Intel HD 4000
4. RAM: 4GB RAM
5. HDD space: 16 GB
6. DirectX - DirectX 11.0
7. Good Internet
Recommended system requirements:
1. OS: Windows 10 64bit
2. CPU: Intel Core i5 2.8Ghz
3. GPU: Nvidia GTX 660 or AMD Radeon 7870 2GB
4. RAM: 8GB RAM
5. HDD space: 20 GB
6. DirectX - DirectX 11.0(DirectX is an application program
interface (API) for creating and managing graphic images and
multimedia effects in applications such as games or active Web pages
that will run in Microsoft's Windows operating systems)
7. High speed internet

13. For Android Devices:
Minimum requirements:
❖ Android 5.1.1 or later
❖ At Least 2GB of RAM
❖ Internet
Recommended Requirements for best experience:
❖ At Least 4GB of RAM
❖ FHD display
❖ Good internet
For IOS Devices:
❖ Ios 9 or later running on iphone 5s or newer
❖ internet
For Smooth Operation
❖ Iphone 7 or above
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS