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Java programming-examples
1. Java Programming Examples
Find the best practical and ready to use Java Programming Examples.
Java runs on a variety of platforms, such as Windows, Mac OS, and the
various versions of UNIX.
These examples would be very useful for your projects and learning.
Java Basics Examples
Example - Home
Example - Environment
Example - Strings
Example - Arrays
Example - Date & Time
Example - Methods
Example - Files
Example - Directories
Example - Exceptions
Example - Data Structure
Example - Collections
Example - Networking
Example - Threading
Example - Applets
Example - Simple GUI
Example - JDBC
Example - Regular Exp
Java Environment - Programming Examples
Learn how to play with Environment in Java programming. Here are most commonly used examples:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
How to compile a java file?
How to run a class file?
How to debug a java file?
How to set classpath?
How to view current classpath?
How to set destination of the class file?
How to run a compiled class file?
How to check version of java running on your system?
How to set classpath when class files are in .jar file?
Saikat Banerjee
Page 1
2. Problem Description:
How to compile a java file?
Solution:
Following example demonstrates how to compile a java file using javac command.
c:jdkdemoapp> javac First.java
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
First.java compile successfully.
Problem Description:
How to set multiple classpath?
Solution:
Following example demonstrates how to set multiple classpath. Multiple class paths are separated by a
semicolon.
c:> java -classpath C:javaMyClasse1;C:javaMyClass2
utility.testapp.main
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Class path set.
Problem Description:
How to set destination of the class file?
Solution:
Following example demonstrates how to debug a java file using =g option with javac command.
c:> javac demo.java -g
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Saikat Banerjee
Page 2
3. Demo.java will debug.
Problem Description:
How to set classpath?
Solution:
Following example demonstrates how to set classpath.
C:> java -classpath C:javaDemoClasses utility.demoapp.main
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Class path set.
Problem Description:
How to view current classpath?
Solution:
Following example demonstrates how to view current classpath using echo command.
C:> echo %CLASSPATH%
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
.;C:Program FilesJavajre1.6.0_03libextQTJava.zip
Problem Description:
How to set destination of the class file?
Solution:
Following example demonstrates how to set destination of the class file that will be created after compiling a
java file using -d option with javac command.
c:> javac demo.java -d c:myclasses
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Saikat Banerjee
Page 3
4. Demo application executed.
Problem Description:
How to run a class file?
Solution:
Following example demonstrates how to run a class file from command prompt using java command.
c:jdkdemoapp>java First
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Demo application executed.
Problem Description:
How to check version of java running on your system?
Solution:
Following example demonstrates how to check version of java installed on your system using version argument
with java command.
java -version
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
java version "1.6.0_13"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_13-b03)
Java HotSpot(TM) Client VM (build 11.3-b02, mixed mode, sharing)
Problem Description:
How to set classpath when class files are in .jar file?
Solution:
Following example demonstrates how to set class path when classes are stored in a .jar or .zip file.
c:> java -classpath C:javamyclasses.jar utility.testapp.main
Saikat Banerjee
Page 4
5. Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Class path set.
Java String - Programming Examples
Learn how to play with strings in Java programming. Here are most commonly used examples:
1. How to compare strings?
2. How to search last occurance of a substring inside a substring?
3. How to remove a particular character from a string?
4. How to replace a substring inside a string by another one ?
5. How to reverse a String?
6. How to search a word inside a string?
7. How to split a string into a number of substrings ?
8. How to convert a string totally into upper case?
9. How to match regions in a string?
10. How to compare performance of two strings?
11. How to optimize string creation?
12. How to format strings?
13. How to concatenate two strings?
14. How to get unicode of strings?
15. How to buffer strings?
Problem Description:
How to compare two strings ?
Solution:
Following example compares two strings by using str compareTo (string) , str compareToIgnoreCase(String)
and str compareTo(object string) of string class and returns the ascii difference of first odd characters of
compared strings .
public class StringCompareEmp{
public static void main(String args[]){
String str = "Hello World";
String anotherString = "hello world";
Object objStr = str;
System.out.println( str.compareTo(anotherString) );
System.out.println( str.compareToIgnoreCase(anotherString) );
System.out.println( str.compareTo(objStr.toString()));
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Saikat Banerjee
Page 5
6. -32
0
0
Problem Description:
How to search the last position of a substring ?
Solution:
This example shows how to determine the last position of a substring inside a string with the help of
strOrig.lastIndexOf(Stringname) method.
public class SearchlastString {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String strOrig = "Hello world ,Hello Reader";
int lastIndex = strOrig.lastIndexOf("Hello");
if(lastIndex == - 1){
System.out.println("Hello not found");
}else{
System.out.println("Last occurrence of Hello
is at index "+ lastIndex);
}
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Last occurrence of Hello is at index 13
Problem Description:
How to remove a particular character from a string ?
Solution:
Following example shows hoe to remove a character from a particular position from a string with the help of
removeCharAt(string,position) method.
public class Main {
public static void main(String args[]) {
String str = "this is Java";
System.out.println(removeCharAt(str, 3));
}
public static String removeCharAt(String s, int pos) {
return s.substring(0, pos) + s.substring(pos + 1);
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Saikat Banerjee
Page 6
7. thi is Java
Problem Description:
How to replace a substring inside a string by another one ?
Solution:
This example describes how replace method of java String class can be used to replace character or substring
by new one.
public class StringReplaceEmp{
public static void main(String args[]){
String str="Hello World";
System.out.println( str.replace( 'H','W' ) );
System.out.println( str.replaceFirst("He", "Wa") );
System.out.println( str.replaceAll("He", "Ha") );
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Wello World
Wallo World
Hallo World
Problem Description:
How to reverse a String?
Solution:
Following example shows how to reverse a String after taking it from command line argument .The program
buffers the input String using StringBuffer(String string) method, reverse the buffer and then converts the
buffer into a String with the help of toString() method.
public class StringReverseExample{
public static void main(String[] args){
String string="abcdef";
String reverse = new StringBuffer(string).
reverse().toString();
System.out.println("nString before reverse:
"+string);
System.out.println("String after reverse:
"+reverse);
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Saikat Banerjee
Page 7
8. String before reverse:abcdef
String after reverse:fedcba
Problem Description:
How to search a word inside a string ?
Solution:
This example shows how we can search a word within a String object using indexOf() method which returns a
position index of a word within the string if found. Otherwise it returns -1.
public class SearchStringEmp{
public static void main(String[] args) {
String strOrig = "Hello readers";
int intIndex = strOrig.indexOf("Hello");
if(intIndex == - 1){
System.out.println("Hello not found");
}else{
System.out.println("Found Hello at index "
+ intIndex);
}
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Found Hello at index 0
Problem Description:
How to split a string into a number of substrings ?
Solution:
Following example splits a string into a number of substrings with the help of str split(string) method and then
prints the substrings.
public class JavaStringSplitEmp{
public static void main(String args[]){
String str = "jan-feb-march";
String[] temp;
String delimeter = "-";
temp = str.split(delimeter);
for(int i =0; i < temp.length ; i++){
System.out.println(temp[i]);
System.out.println("");
str = "jan.feb.march";
delimeter = ".";
temp = str.split(delimeter);
}
for(int i =0; i < temp.length ; i++){
System.out.println(temp[i]);
Saikat Banerjee
Page 8
9. System.out.println("");
temp = str.split(delimeter,2);
for(int j =0; j < temp.length ; j++){
System.out.println(temp[i]);
}
}
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
jan
feb
march
jan
jan
jan
feb.march
feb.march
feb.march
Problem Description:
How to convert a string totally into upper case?
Solution:
Following example changes the case of a string to upper case by using String toUpperCase() method.
public class StringToUpperCaseEmp {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String str = "string abc touppercase ";
String strUpper = str.toUpperCase();
System.out.println("Original String: " + str);
System.out.println("String changed to upper case: "
+ strUpper);
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Original String: string abc touppercase
String changed to upper case: STRING ABC TOUPPERCASE
Saikat Banerjee
Page 9
10. Problem Description:
How to match regions in strings ?
Solution:
Following example determines region matchs in two strings by using regionMatches() method.
public class StringRegionMatch{
public static void main(String[] args){
String first_str = "Welcome to Microsoft";
String second_str = "I work with Microsoft";
boolean match = first_str.
regionMatches(11, second_str, 12, 9);
System.out.println("first_str[11 -19] == "
+ "second_str[12 - 21]:-"+ match);
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
first_str[11 -19] == second_str[12 - 21]:-true
Problem Description:
How to compare performance of string creation ?
Solution:
Following example compares the performance of two strings created in two different ways.
public class StringComparePerformance{
public static void main(String[] args){
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for(int i=0;i<50000;i++){
String s1 = "hello";
String s2 = "hello";
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("Time taken for creation"
+ " of String literals : "+ (endTime - startTime)
+ " milli seconds" );
long startTime1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
for(int i=0;i<50000;i++){
String s3 = new String("hello");
String s4 = new String("hello");
}
long endTime1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("Time taken for creation"
+ " of String objects : " + (endTime1 - startTime1)
+ " milli seconds");
}
}
Saikat Banerjee
Page 10
11. Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.The result may vary.
Time taken for creation of String literals : 0 milli seconds
Time taken for creation of String objects : 16 milli seconds
Problem Description:
How to optimize string creation ?
Solution:
Following example optimizes string creation by using String.intern() method.
public class StringOptimization{
public static void main(String[] args){
String variables[] = new String[50000];
for( int i=0;i <50000;i++){
variables[i] = "s"+i;
}
long startTime0 = System.currentTimeMillis();
for(int i=0;i<50000;i++){
variables[i] = "hello";
}
long endTime0 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("Creation time"
+ " of String literals : "+ (endTime0 - startTime0)
+ " ms" );
long startTime1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
for(int i=0;i<50000;i++){
variables[i] = new String("hello");
}
long endTime1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("Creation time of"
+ " String objects with 'new' key word : "
+ (endTime1 - startTime1)
+ " ms");
long startTime2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
for(int i=0;i<50000;i++){
variables[i] = new String("hello");
variables[i] = variables[i].intern();
}
long endTime2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("Creation time of"
+ " String objects with intern(): "
+ (endTime2 - startTime2)
+ " ms");
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.The result may vary.
Creation time of String literals : 0 ms
Creation time of String objects with 'new' key word : 31 ms
Saikat Banerjee
Page 11
12. Creation time of String objects with intern(): 16 ms
Problem Description:
How to format strings ?
Solution:
Following example returns a formatted string value by using a specific locale, format and arguments in format()
method
import java.util.*;
public class StringFormat{
public static void main(String[] args){
double e = Math.E;
System.out.format("%f%n", e);
System.out.format(Locale.GERMANY, "%-10.4f%n%n", e);
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
2.718282
2,7183
Problem Description:
How to optimize string concatenation ?
Solution:
Following example shows performance of concatenation by using "+" operator and StringBuffer.append()
method.
public class StringConcatenate{
public static void main(String[] args){
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
for(int i=0;i<5000;i++){
String result = "This is"
+ "testing the"
+ "difference"+ "between"
+ "String"+ "and"+ "StringBuffer";
}
long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("Time taken for string"
+ "concatenation using + operator : "
+ (endTime - startTime)+ " ms");
long startTime1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
for(int i=0;i<5000;i++){
StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer();
result.append("This is");
result.append("testing the");
Saikat Banerjee
Page 12
13. result.append("difference");
result.append("between");
result.append("String");
result.append("and");
result.append("StringBuffer");
}
long endTime1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println("Time taken for String concatenation"
+ "using StringBuffer : "
+ (endTime1 - startTime1)+ " ms");
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.The result may vary.
Time taken for stringconcatenation using + operator : 0 ms
Time taken for String concatenationusing StringBuffer : 16 ms
Problem Description:
How to determine the Unicode code point in string ?
Solution:
This example shows you how to use codePointBefore() method to return the character (Unicode code point)
before the specified index.
public class StringUniCode{
public static void main(String[] args){
String test_string="Welcome to Sbdsi.saikat";
System.out.println("String under test is = "+test_string);
System.out.println("Unicode code point at"
+" position 5 in the string is = "
+ test_string.codePointBefore(5));
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
String under test is = Welcome to Sbdsi.saikat
Unicode code point at position 5 in the string is =111
Problem Description:
How to buffer strings ?
Solution:
Following example buffers strings and flushes it by using emit() method.
Saikat Banerjee
Page 13
14. public class StringBuffer{
public static void main(String[] args) {
countTo_N_Improved();
}
private final static int MAX_LENGTH=30;
private static String buffer = "";
private static void emit(String nextChunk) {
if(buffer.length() + nextChunk.length() > MAX_LENGTH) {
System.out.println(buffer);
buffer = "";
}
buffer += nextChunk;
}
private static final int N=100;
private static void countTo_N_Improved() {
for (int count=2; count<=N; count=count+2) {
emit(" " + count);
}
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
2 4 6
24 26
44 46
64 66
8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42
48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62
68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82
Java Arrays - Programming Examples
Learn how to play with arrays in Java programming. Here are most commonly used examples:
1. How to sort an array and search an element inside it?
2. How to sort an array and insert an element inside it?
3. How to determine the upper bound of a two dimentional array?
4. How to reverse an array?
5. How to write an array of strings to the output console?
6. How to search the minimum and the maximum element in an array?
7. How to merge two arrays?
8. How to fill (initialize at once) an array?
9. How to extend an array after initialisation?
10. How to sort an array and search an element inside it?
11. How to remove an element of array?
12. How to remove one array from another array?
13. How to find common elements from arrays?
14. How to find an object or a string in an Array?
15. How to check if two arrays are equal or not?
16. How to compare two arrays?
Problem Description:
How to sort an array and search an element inside it?
Saikat Banerjee
Page 14
15. Solution:
Following example shows how to use sort () and binarySearch () method to accomplish the task. The user
defined method printArray () is used to display the output:
import java.util.Arrays;
public class MainClass {
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
int array[] = { 2, 5, -2, 6, -3, 8, 0, -7, -9, 4 };
Arrays.sort(array);
printArray("Sorted array", array);
int index = Arrays.binarySearch(array, 2);
System.out.println("Found 2 @ " + index);
}
private static void printArray(String message, int array[]) {
System.out.println(message
+ ": [length: " + array.length + "]");
for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
if(i != 0){
System.out.print(", ");
}
System.out.print(array[i]);
}
System.out.println();
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Sorted array: [length: 10]
-9, -7, -3, -2, 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8
Found 2 @ 5
Problem Description:
How to sort an array and insert an element inside it?
Solution:
Following example shows how to use sort () method and user defined method insertElement ()to accomplish
the task.
import java.util.Arrays;
public class MainClass {
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
int array[] = { 2, 5, -2, 6, -3, 8, 0, -7, -9, 4 };
Arrays.sort(array);
printArray("Sorted array", array);
int index = Arrays.binarySearch(array, 1);
System.out.println("Didn't find 1 @ "
+ index);
int newIndex = -index - 1;
array = insertElement(array, 1, newIndex);
Saikat Banerjee
Page 15
16. printArray("With 1 added", array);
}
private static void printArray(String message, int array[]) {
System.out.println(message
+ ": [length: " + array.length + "]");
for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
if (i != 0){
System.out.print(", ");
}
System.out.print(array[i]);
}
System.out.println();
}
private static int[] insertElement(int original[],
int element, int index) {
int length = original.length;
int destination[] = new int[length + 1];
System.arraycopy(original, 0, destination, 0, index);
destination[index] = element;
System.arraycopy(original, index, destination, index
+ 1, length - index);
return destination;
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Sorted array: [length: 10]
-9, -7, -3, -2, 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8
Didn't find 1 @ -6
With 1 added: [length: 11]
-9, -7, -3, -2, 0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8
Problem Description:
How to determine the upper bound of a two dimentional array ?
Solution:
Following example helps to determine the upper bound of a two dimentional array with the use of
arrayname.length.
public class Main {
public static void main(String args[]) {
String[][] data = new String[2][5];
System.out.println("Dimension 1: " + data.length);
System.out.println("Dimension 2: " + data[0].length);
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Saikat Banerjee
Page 16
17. Dimension 1: 2
Dimension 2: 5
Problem Description:
How to reverse an array list ?
Solution:
Following example reverses an array list by using Collections.reverse(ArrayList)method.
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList arrayList = new ArrayList();
arrayList.add("A");
arrayList.add("B");
arrayList.add("C");
arrayList.add("D");
arrayList.add("E");
System.out.println("Before Reverse Order: " + arrayList);
Collections.reverse(arrayList);
System.out.println("After Reverse Order: " + arrayList);
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Before Reverse Order: [A, B, C, D, E]
After Reverse Order: [E, D, C, B, A]
Problem Description:
How to write an array of strings to the output console ?
Solution:
Following example demonstrates writing elements of an array to the output console through looping.
public class Welcome {
public static void main(String[] args){
String[] greeting = new String[3];
greeting[0] = "This is the greeting";
greeting[1] = "for all the readers from";
greeting[2] = "Java Source .";
for (int i = 0; i < greeting.length; i++){
System.out.println(greeting[i]);
}
}
}
Saikat Banerjee
Page 17
18. Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
This is the greeting
For all the readers From
Java source .
Problem Description:
How to search the minimum and the maximum element in an array ?
Solution:
This example shows how to search the minimum and maximum element in an array by using Collection.max()
and Collection.min() methods of Collection class .
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collections;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Integer[] numbers = { 8, 2, 7, 1, 4, 9, 5};
int min = (int) Collections.min(Arrays.asList(numbers));
int max = (int) Collections.max(Arrays.asList(numbers));
System.out.println("Min number: " + min);
System.out.println("Max number: " + max);
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Min number: 1
Max number: 9
Problem Description:
How to merge two arrays ?
Solution:
This example shows how to merge two arrays into a single array by the use of list.Addall(array1.asList(array2)
method of List class and Arrays.toString () method of Array class.
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
public class Main {
public static void main(String args[]) {
String a[] = { "A", "E", "I" };
Saikat Banerjee
Page 18
19. String b[] = { "O", "U" };
List list = new ArrayList(Arrays.asList(a));
list.addAll(Arrays.asList(b));
Object[] c = list.toArray();
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(c));
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
[A, E, I, O, U]
Problem Description:
How to fill (initialize at once) an array ?
Solution:
This example fill (initialize all the elements of the array in one short) an array by using
Array.fill(arrayname,value) method and Array.fill(arrayname ,starting index ,ending index ,value) method of
Java Util class.
import java.util.*;
public class FillTest {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int array[] = new int[6];
Arrays.fill(array, 100);
for (int i=0, n=array.length; i < n; i++) {
System.out.println(array[i]);
}
System.out.println();
Arrays.fill(array, 3, 6, 50);
for (int i=0, n=array.length; i< n; i++) {
System.out.println(array[i]);
}
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
50
Saikat Banerjee
Page 19
20. 50
50
Problem Description:
How to extend an array after initialisation?
Solution:
Following example shows how to extend an array after initialization by creating an new array.
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] names = new String[] { "A", "B", "C" };
String[] extended = new String[5];
extended[3] = "D";
extended[4] = "E";
System.arraycopy(names, 0, extended, 0, names.length);
for (String str : extended){
System.out.println(str);
}
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
A
B
C
D
E
Problem Description:
How to sort an array and search an element inside it?
Solution:
Following example shows how to use sort () and binarySearch () method to accomplish the task. The user
defined method printArray () is used to display the output:
import java.util.Arrays;
public class MainClass {
public static void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
int array[] = { 2, 5, -2, 6, -3, 8, 0, -7, -9, 4 };
Arrays.sort(array);
printArray("Sorted array", array);
int index = Arrays.binarySearch(array, 2);
System.out.println("Found 2 @ " + index);
}
private static void printArray(String message, int array[]) {
System.out.println(message
Saikat Banerjee
Page 20
21. + ": [length: " + array.length + "]");
for (int i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
if(i != 0){
System.out.print(", ");
}
System.out.print(array[i]);
}
System.out.println();
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Sorted array: [length: 10]
-9, -7, -3, -2, 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 8
Found 2 @ 5
Problem Description:
How to remove an element of array?
Solution:
Following example shows how to remove an element from array.
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList objArray = new ArrayList();
objArray.clear();
objArray.add(0,"0th element");
objArray.add(1,"1st element");
objArray.add(2,"2nd element");
System.out.println("Array before removing an
element"+objArray);
objArray.remove(1);
objArray.remove("0th element");
System.out.println("Array after removing an
element"+objArray);
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Array before removing an element[0th element,
1st element, 2nd element]
Array after removing an element[0th element]
Saikat Banerjee
Page 21
22. Problem Description:
How to remove one array from another array?
Solution:
Following example uses Removeall method to remove one array from another.
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList objArray = new ArrayList();
ArrayList objArray2 = new ArrayList();
objArray2.add(0,"common1");
objArray2.add(1,"common2");
objArray2.add(2,"notcommon");
objArray2.add(3,"notcommon1");
objArray.add(0,"common1");
objArray.add(1,"common2");
objArray.add(2,"notcommon2");
System.out.println("Array elements of array1" +objArray);
System.out.println("Array elements of array2" +objArray2);
objArray.removeAll(objArray2);
System.out.println("Array1 after removing
array2 from array1"+objArray);
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Array elements of array1[common1, common2, notcommon2]
Array elements of array2[common1, common2, notcommon,
notcommon1]
Array1 after removing array2 from array1[notcommon2]
Problem Description:
How to find common elements from arrays?
Solution:
Following example shows how to find common elements from two arrays and store them in an array.
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList objArray = new ArrayList();
ArrayList objArray2 = new ArrayList();
objArray2.add(0,"common1");
objArray2.add(1,"common2");
objArray2.add(2,"notcommon");
objArray2.add(3,"notcommon1");
Saikat Banerjee
Page 22
23. objArray.add(0,"common1");
objArray.add(1,"common2");
objArray.add(2,"notcommon2");
System.out.println("Array elements of array1"+objArray);
System.out.println("Array elements of array2"+objArray2);
objArray.retainAll(objArray2);
System.out.println("Array1 after retaining common
elements of array2 & array1"+objArray);
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Array elements of array1[common1, common2, notcommon2]
Array elements of array2[common1, common2, notcommon,
notcommon1]
Array1 after retaining common elements of array2 & array1
[common1, common2]
Problem Description:
How to find an object or a string in an Array?
Solution:
Following example uses Contains method to search a String in the Array.
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayList objArray = new ArrayList();
ArrayList objArray2 = new ArrayList();
objArray2.add(0,"common1");
objArray2.add(1,"common2");
objArray2.add(2,"notcommon");
objArray2.add(3,"notcommon1");
objArray.add(0,"common1");
objArray.add(1,"common2");
System.out.println("Array elements of array1"+objArray);
System.out.println("Array elements of array2"+objArray2);
System.out.println("Array 1 contains String common2?? "
+objArray.contains("common1"));
System.out.println("Array 2 contains Array1?? "
+objArray2.contains(objArray) );
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Array elements of array1[common1, common2]
Array elements of array2[common1, common2, notcommon, notcommon1]
Saikat Banerjee
Page 23
24. Array 1 contains String common2?? true
Array 2 contains Array1?? false
Problem Description:
How to check if two arrays are equal or not?
Solution:
Following example shows how to use equals () method of Arrays to check if two arrays are equal or not.
import java.util.Arrays;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
int[] ary = {1,2,3,4,5,6};
int[] ary1 = {1,2,3,4,5,6};
int[] ary2 = {1,2,3,4};
System.out.println("Is array 1 equal to array 2?? "
+Arrays.equals(ary, ary1));
System.out.println("Is array 1 equal to array 3?? "
+Arrays.equals(ary, ary2));
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Is array 1 equal to array 2?? true
Is array 1 equal to array 3?? false
Problem Description:
How to compare two arrays?
Solution:
Following example uses equals method to check whether two arrays are or not.
import java.util.Arrays;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
int[] ary = {1,2,3,4,5,6};
int[] ary1 = {1,2,3,4,5,6};
int[] ary2 = {1,2,3,4};
System.out.println("Is array 1 equal to array 2?? "
+Arrays.equals(ary, ary1));
System.out.println("Is array 1 equal to array 3?? "
+Arrays.equals(ary, ary2));
}
}
Saikat Banerjee
Page 24
25. Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Is array 1 equal to array 2?? true
Is array 1 equal to array 3?? false
Java Date & Time - Programming Examples
Learn how to play with data and time in Java programming. Here are most commonly used examples:
1. How to format time in AM-PM format?
2. How to display name of a month in (MMM) format ?
3. How to display hour and minute?
4. How to display current date and time?
5. How to format time in 24 hour format?
6. How to format time in MMMM format?
7. How to format seconds?
8. How to display name of the months in short format?
9. How to display name of the weekdays?
10. How to add time to Date?
11. How to display time in different country's format?
12. How to display time in different languages?
13. How to roll through hours & months?
14. How to find which week of the year?
15. How to display date in different formats ?
Problem Description:
How to format time in AM-PM format?
Solution:
This example formats the time by using SimpleDateFormat("HH-mm-ss a") constructor and sdf.format(date)
method of SimpleDateFormat class.
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
public class Main{
public static void main(String[] args){
Date date = new Date();
String strDateFormat = "HH:mm:ss a";
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat(strDateFormat);
System.out.println(sdf.format(date));
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.The result will change depending upon the current
system time
Saikat Banerjee
Page 25
26. 06:40:32 AM
Problem Description:
How to display name of a month in (MMM) format ?
Solution:
This example shows how to display the current month in the (MMM) format with the help of
Calender.getInstance() method of Calender class and fmt.format() method of Formatter class.
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Formatter;
public class MainClass{
public static void main(String args[]){
Formatter fmt = new Formatter();
Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
fmt = new Formatter();
fmt.format("%tB %tb %tm", cal, cal, cal);
System.out.println(fmt);
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
October Oct 10
Problem Description:
How to display hour and minute ?
Solution:
This example demonstrates how to display the hour and minute of that moment by using Calender.getInstance()
of Calender class.
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Formatter;
public class MainClass{
public static void main(String args[]){
Formatter fmt = new Formatter();
Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
fmt = new Formatter();
fmt.format("%tl:%tM", cal, cal);
System.out.println(fmt);
}
}
Saikat Banerjee
Page 26
27. Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.The result will chenge depending upon the current
system time.
03:20
Problem Description:
How to display current date and time?
Solution:
This example shows how to display the current date and time using Calender.getInstance() method of Calender
class and fmt.format() method of Formatter class.
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Formatter;
public class MainClass{
public static void main(String args[]){
Formatter fmt = new Formatter();
Calendar cal = Calendar.getInstance();
fmt = new Formatter();
fmt.format("%tc", cal);
System.out.println(fmt);
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.The result will change depending upon the current
system date and time
Wed Oct 15 20:37:30 GMT+05:30 2008
Problem Description:
How to format time in 24 hour format?
Solution:
This example formats the time into 24 hour format (00:00-24:00) by using sdf.format(date) method of
SimpleDateFormat class.
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Date date = new Date();
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("h");
System.out.println("hour in h format : "
Saikat Banerjee
Page 27
28. + sdf.format(date));
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
hour in h format : 8
Problem Description:
How to format time in MMMM format?
Solution:
This example formats the month with the help of SimpleDateFormat(�MMMM�) constructor and
sdf.format(date) method of SimpleDateFormat class.
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
public class Main{
public static void main(String[] args){
Date date = new Date();
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("MMMM");
System.out.println("Current Month in MMMM format : "
+ sdf.format(date));
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.The result will change depending upon the current
system date
Current Month in MMMM format : May
Problem Description:
How to format seconds?
Solution:
This example formats the second by using SimpleDateFormat(�ss�) constructor and sdf.format(date) method
of SimpleDateFormat class.
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
public class Main{
public static void main(String[] args){
Saikat Banerjee
Page 28
29. Date date = new Date();
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("ss");
System.out.println("seconds in ss format : "
+ sdf.format(date));
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.The result will change depending upon the current
system time.
seconds in ss format : 14
Problem Description:
How to display name of the months in short format?
Solution:
This example displays the names of the months in short form with the help of
DateFormatSymbols().getShortMonths() method of DateFormatSymbols class.
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.text.DateFormatSymbols;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] shortMonths = new DateFormatSymbols()
.getShortMonths();
for (int i = 0; i < (shortMonths.length-1); i++) {
String shortMonth = shortMonths[i];
System.out.println("shortMonth = " + shortMonth);
}
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
shortMonth
shortMonth
shortMonth
shortMonth
shortMonth
shortMonth
shortMonth
shortMonth
shortMonth
shortMonth
shortMonth
shortMonth
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Saikat Banerjee
Page 29
30. Problem Description:
How to display name of the weekdays ?
Solution:
This example displays the names of the weekdays in short form with the help of
DateFormatSymbols().getWeekdays() method of DateFormatSymbols class.
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.text.DateFormatSymbols;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] weekdays = new DateFormatSymbols().getWeekdays();
for (int i = 2; i < (weekdays.length-1); i++) {
String weekday = weekdays[i];
System.out.println("weekday = " + weekday);
}
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
weekday
weekday
weekday
weekday
weekday
=
=
=
=
=
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Problem Description:
How to add time(Days, years , seconds) to Date?
Solution:
The following examples shows us how to add time to a date using add() method of Calender.
import java.util.*;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Date d1 = new Date();
Calendar cl = Calendar. getInstance();
cl.setTime(d1);
System.out.println("today is " + d1.toString());
cl. add(Calendar.MONTH, 1);
System.out.println("date after a month will be "
+ cl.getTime().toString() );
cl. add(Calendar.HOUR, 70);
System.out.println("date after 7 hrs will be "
+ cl.getTime().toString() );
cl. add(Calendar.YEAR, 3);
System.out.println("date after 3 years will be "
Saikat Banerjee
Page 30
31. + cl.getTime().toString() );
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
today is Mon
date after a
date after 7
date after 3
Jun 22 02:47:02 IST 2009
month will be Wed Jul 22 02:47:02 IST 2009
hrs will be Wed Jul 22 09:47:02 IST 2009
years will be Sun Jul 22 09:47:02 IST 2012
Problem Description:
How to display time in different country's format?
Solution:
Following example uses Locale class & DateFormat class to disply date in different Country's format.
import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.util.*;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Date d1 = new Date();
System.out.println("today is "+ d1.toString());
Locale locItalian = new Locale("it","ch");
DateFormat df = DateFormat.getDateInstance
(DateFormat.FULL, locItalian);
System.out.println("today is in Italian Language
in Switzerland Format : "+ df.format(d1));
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
today is Mon Jun 22 02:37:06 IST 2009
today is in Italian Language in Switzerlandluned�,
22. giugno 2009
Problem Description:
How to display time in different languages?
Solution:
This example uses DateFormat class to display time in Italian.
Saikat Banerjee
Page 31
32. import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.util.*;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Date d1 = new Date();
System.out.println("today is "+ d1.toString());
Locale locItalian = new Locale("it");
DateFormat df = DateFormat.getDateInstance
(DateFormat.FULL, locItalian);
System.out.println("today is "+ df.format(d1));
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
today is Mon Jun 22 02:33:27 IST 2009
today is luned� 22 giugno 2009
Problem Description:
How to roll through hours & months?
Solution:
This example shows us how to roll through monrhs (without changing year) or hrs(without changing month or
year) using roll() method of Class calender.
import java.util.*;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Date d1 = new Date();
Calendar cl = Calendar. getInstance();
cl.setTime(d1);
System.out.println("today is "+ d1.toString());
cl. roll(Calendar.MONTH, 100);
System.out.println("date after a month will be "
+ cl.getTime().toString() );
cl. roll(Calendar.HOUR, 70);
System.out.println("date after 7 hrs will be "
+ cl.getTime().toString() );
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
today is Mon Jun 22 02:44:36 IST 2009
date after a month will be Thu Oct 22 02:44:36 IST 2009
date after 7 hrs will be Thu Oct 22 00:44:36 IST 2009
Saikat Banerjee
Page 32
33. Problem Description:
How to find which week of the year, month?
Solution:
The following example displays week no of the year & month.
import java.util.*;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Date d1 = new Date();
Calendar cl = Calendar. getInstance();
cl.setTime(d1);
System.out.println("today is "
+ cl.WEEK_OF_YEAR+ " week of the year");
System.out.println("today is a "+cl.DAY_OF_MONTH +
"month of the year");
System.out.println("today is a "+cl.WEEK_OF_MONTH
+"week of the month");
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
today is 30 week of the year
today is a 5month of the year
today is a 4week of the month
Problem Description:
How to display date in different formats ?
Solution:
This example displays the names of the weekdays in short form with the help of
DateFormatSymbols().getWeekdays() method of DateFormatSymbols class.
import java.text.*;
import java.util.*;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Date dt = new Date(1000000000000L);
DateFormat[] dtformat = new DateFormat[6];
dtformat[0] = DateFormat.getInstance();
dtformat[1] = DateFormat.getDateInstance();
dtformat[2] = DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.MEDIUM);
dtformat[3] = DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.FULL);
dtformat[4] = DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.LONG);
dtformat[5] = DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.SHORT);
for(DateFormat dateform : dtformat)
Saikat Banerjee
Page 33
34. System.out.println(dateform.format(dt));
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
9/9/01 7:16 AM
Sep 9, 2001
Sep 9, 2001
Sunday, September 9, 2001
September 9, 2001
9/9/01
Java Method - Programming Examples
Learn how to play with methods in Java programming. Here are most commonly used examples:
1. How to overload methods?
2. How to use method overloading for printing different types of array?
3. How to use method for solving Tower of Hanoi problem?
4. How to use method for calculating Fibonacci series?
5. How to use method for calculating Factorial of a number?
6. How to use method overriding in Inheritance for subclasses?
7. How to display Object class using instanceOf keyword?
8. How to use break to jump out of a loop in a method?
9. How to use continue in a method?
10. How to use Label in a method?
11. How to use enum & switch statement ?
12. How to make enum constructor, instance variable & method?
13. How to use for and foreach loop for printing values of an array ?
14. How to make a method take variable lentgth argument as an input?
15. How to use variable arguments as an input when dealing with method overloading?
Problem Description:
How to overload methods ?
Solution:
This example displays the way of overloading a method depending on type and number of parameters.
class MyClass {
int height;
MyClass() {
System.out.println("bricks");
height = 0;
}
MyClass(int i) {
System.out.println("Building new House that is "
+ i + " feet tall");
height = i;
Saikat Banerjee
Page 34
35. }
void info() {
System.out.println("House is " + height
+ " feet tall");
}
void info(String s) {
System.out.println(s + ": House is "
+ height + " feet tall");
}
}
public class MainClass {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyClass t = new MyClass(0);
t.info();
t.info("overloaded method");
//Overloaded constructor:
new MyClass();
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Building new House that is 0 feet tall.
House is 0 feet tall.
Overloaded method: House is 0 feet tall.
bricks
Problem Description:
How to use method overloading for printing different types of array ?
Solution:
This example displays the way of using overloaded method for printing types of array (integer, double and
character).
public class MainClass {
public static void printArray(Integer[] inputArray) {
for (Integer element : inputArray){
System.out.printf("%s ", element);
System.out.println();
}
}
public static void printArray(Double[] inputArray) {
for (Double element : inputArray){
System.out.printf("%s ", element);
System.out.println();
}
}
public static void printArray(Character[] inputArray) {
for (Character element : inputArray){
System.out.printf("%s ", element);
System.out.println();
}
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
Saikat Banerjee
Page 35
36. Integer[] integerArray = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 };
Double[] doubleArray = { 1.1, 2.2, 3.3, 4.4,
5.5, 6.6, 7.7 };
Character[] characterArray = { 'H', 'E', 'L', 'L', 'O' };
System.out.println("Array integerArray contains:");
printArray(integerArray);
System.out.println("nArray doubleArray contains:");
printArray(doubleArray);
System.out.println("nArray characterArray contains:");
printArray(characterArray);
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Array integerArray contains:
1
2
3
4
5
6
Array doubleArray contains:
1.1
2.2
3.3
4.4
5.5
6.6
7.7
Array characterArray contains:
H
E
L
L
O
Problem Description:
How to use method for solving Tower of Hanoi problem?
Solution:
This example displays the way of using method for solving Tower of Hanoi problem( for 3 disks).
public class MainClass {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int nDisks = 3;
doTowers(nDisks, 'A', 'B', 'C');
}
public static void doTowers(int topN, char from,
char inter, char to) {
if (topN == 1){
System.out.println("Disk 1 from "
+ from + " to " + to);
Saikat Banerjee
Page 36
37. }else {
doTowers(topN - 1, from, to, inter);
System.out.println("Disk "
+ topN + " from " + from + " to " + to);
doTowers(topN - 1, inter, from, to);
}
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Disk
Disk
Disk
Disk
Disk
Disk
Disk
1
2
1
3
1
2
1
from
from
from
from
from
from
from
A
A
C
A
B
B
A
to
to
to
to
to
to
to
C
B
B
C
A
C
C
Problem Description:
How to use method for calculating Fibonacci series?
Solution:
This example shows the way of using method for calculating Fibonacci Series upto n numbers.
public class MainClass {
public static long fibonacci(long number) {
if ((number == 0) || (number == 1))
return number;
else
return fibonacci(number - 1) + fibonacci(number - 2);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
for (int counter = 0; counter <= 10; counter++){
System.out.printf("Fibonacci of %d is: %dn",
counter, fibonacci(counter));
}
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Fibonacci
Fibonacci
Fibonacci
Fibonacci
Fibonacci
Fibonacci
Fibonacci
Fibonacci
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
is:
is:
is:
is:
is:
is:
is:
is:
Saikat Banerjee
0
1
1
2
3
5
8
13
Page 37
38. Fibonacci of 8 is: 21
Fibonacci of 9 is: 34
Fibonacci of 10 is: 55
Problem Description:
How to use method for calculating Factorial of a number?
Solution:
This example shows the way of using method for calculating Factorial of 9(nine) numbers.
public class MainClass {
public static void main(String args[]) {
for (int counter = 0; counter <= 10; counter++){
System.out.printf("%d! = %dn", counter,
factorial(counter));
}
}
public static long factorial(long number) {
if (number <= 1)
return 1;
else
return number * factorial(number - 1);
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
0! = 1
1! = 1
2! = 2
3! = 6
4! = 24
5! = 120
6! = 720
7! = 5040
8! = 40320
9! = 362880
10! = 3628800
Problem Description:
How to use method overriding in Inheritance for subclasses ?
Solution:
This example demonstrates the way of method overriding by subclasses with different number and type of
parameters.
public class Findareas{
public static void main (String []agrs){
Figure f= new Figure(10 , 10);
Saikat Banerjee
Page 38
39. Rectangle r= new Rectangle(9 , 5);
Figure figref;
figref=f;
System.out.println("Area is :"+figref.area());
figref=r;
System.out.println("Area is :"+figref.area());
}
}
class Figure{
double dim1;
double dim2;
Figure(double a , double b) {
dim1=a;
dim2=b;
}
Double area() {
System.out.println("Inside area for figure.");
return(dim1*dim2);
}
}
class Rectangle extends Figure {
Rectangle(double a, double b) {
super(a ,b);
}
Double area() {
System.out.println("Inside area for rectangle.");
return(dim1*dim2);
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Inside area for figure.
Area is :100.0
Inside area for rectangle.
Area is :45.0
Problem Description:
How to display Object class using instanceOf keyword?
Solution:
This example makes displayObjectClass() method to display the Class of the Object that is passed in this
method as an argument.
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Vector;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Object testObject = new ArrayList();
displayObjectClass(testObject);
}
public static void displayObjectClass(Object o) {
Saikat Banerjee
Page 39
40. if (o instanceof Vector)
System.out.println("Object was an instance
of the class java.util.Vector");
else if (o instanceof ArrayList)
System.out.println("Object was an instance of
the class java.util.ArrayList");
else
System.out.println("Object was an instance of the "
+ o.getClass());
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Object was an instance of the class java.util.ArrayList
Problem Description:
How to use break to jump out of a loop in a method?
Solution:
This example uses the 'break' to jump out of the loop.
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int[] intary = { 99,12,22,34,45,67,5678,8990 };
int no = 5678;
int i = 0;
boolean found = false;
for ( ; i < intary.length; i++) {
if (intary[i] == no) {
found = true;
break;
}
}
if (found) {
System.out.println("Found the no: " + no
+ " at index: " + i);
}
else {
System.out.println(no + "not found in the array");
}
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Found the no: 5678 at
index: 6
Java Files - Programming Examples
Saikat Banerjee
Page 40
41. Learn how to play with Files in Java programming. Here are most commonly used examples:
1. How to compare paths of two files?
2. How to create a new file?
3. How to get last modification date of a file?
4. How to create a file in a specified directory?
5. How to check a file exist or not?
6. How to make a file read-only?
7. How to renaming a file ?
8. How to get a file's size in bytes?
9. How to change the last modification time of a file ?
10. How to create a temporary file?
11. How to append a string in an existing file?
12. How to copy one file into another file?
13. How to delete a file?
14. How to read a file?
15. How to write to a file?
Problem Description:
How to compare paths of two files ?
Solution:
This example shows how to compare paths of two files in a same directory by the use of
filename.compareTo(another filename) method of File class.
import java.io.File;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
File file1 = new File("C:/File/demo1.txt");
File file2 = new File("C:/java/demo1.txt");
if(file1.compareTo(file2) == 0) {
System.out.println("Both paths are same!");
} else {
System.out.println("Paths are not same!");
}
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Paths are not same!
Problem Description:
How to create a new file?
Saikat Banerjee
Page 41
42. Solution:
This example demonstrates the way of creating a new file by using File() constructor and file.createNewFile()
method of File class.
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try{
File file = new File("C:/myfile.txt");
if(file.createNewFile())
System.out.println("Success!");
else
System.out.println
("Error, file already exists.");
}
catch(IOException ioe) {
ioe.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result (if "myfile.txt does not exist before)
Success!
Problem Description:
How to get last modification date of a file ?
Solution:
This example shows how to get the last modification date of a file using file.lastModified() method of File
class.
import java.io.File;
import java.util.Date;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
File file = new File("Main.java");
Long lastModified = file.lastModified();
Date date = new Date(lastModified);
System.out.println(date);
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Saikat Banerjee
Page 42
43. Tue 12 May 10:18:50 PDF 2009
Problem Description:
How to create a file in a specified directory ?
Solution:
This example demonstrates how to create a file in a specified directory using File.createTempFile() method of
File class.
import java.io.File;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args)
throws Exception {
File file = null;
File dir = new File("C:/");
file = File.createTempFile
("JavaTemp", ".javatemp", dir);
System.out.println(file.getPath());
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
C:JavaTemp37056.javatemp
Problem Description:
How to check a file exist or not?
Solution:
This example shows how to check a file�s existence by using file.exists() method of File class.
import java.io.File;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
File file = new File("C:/java.txt");
System.out.println(file.exists());
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result (if the file "java.txt" exists in 'C' drive).
true
Saikat Banerjee
Page 43
44. Problem Description:
How to make a file read-only?
Solution:
This example demonstrates how to make a file read-only by using file.setReadOnly() and file.canWrite()
methods of File class .
import java.io.File;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
File file = new File("C:/java.txt");
System.out.println(file.setReadOnly());
System.out.println(file.canWrite());
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.To test the example,first create a file 'java.txt' in 'C'
drive.
true
false
Problem Description:
How to rename a file?
Solution:
This example demonstrates how to renaming a file using oldName.renameTo(newName) method of File class.
import java.io.File;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
File oldName = new File("C:/program.txt");
File newName = new File("C:/java.txt");
if(oldName.renameTo(newName)) {
System.out.println("renamed");
} else {
System.out.println("Error");
}
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.To test this example, first create a file 'program.txt' in
'C' drive.
Saikat Banerjee
Page 44
45. renamed
Problem Description:
How to get a file�s size in bytes ?
Solution:
This example shows how to get a file's size in bytes by using file.exists() and file.length() method of File class.
import java.io.File;
public class Main {
public static long getFileSize(String filename) {
File file = new File(filename);
if (!file.exists() || !file.isFile()) {
System.out.println("File doesn't exist");
return -1;
}
return file.length();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
long size = getFileSize("c:/java.txt");
System.out.println("Filesize in bytes: " + size);
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.To test this example, first create a text file 'java.txt' in
'C' drive.The size may vary depending upon the size of the file.
File size in bytes: 480
Problem Description:
How to change the last modification time of a file ?
Solution:
This example shows how to change the last modification time of a file with the help of
fileToChange.lastModified() and fileToChange setLastModified() methods of File class .
import java.io.File;
import java.util.Date;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args)
throws Exception {
File fileToChange = new File
("C:/myjavafile.txt");
fileToChange.createNewFile();
Date filetime = new Date
(fileToChange.lastModified());
Saikat Banerjee
Page 45
46. System.out.println(filetime.toString());
System.out.println
(fileToChange.setLastModified
(System.currentTimeMillis()));
filetime = new Date
(fileToChange.lastModified());
System.out.println(filetime.toString());
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.The result may vary depending upon the system time.
Sat Oct 18 19:58:20 GMT+05:30 2008
true
Sat Oct 18 19:58:20 GMT+05:30 2008
Problem Description:
How to create a temporary file?
Solution:
This example shows how to create a temporary file using createTempFile() method of File class.
import java.io.*;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args)
throws Exception {
File temp = File.createTempFile
("pattern", ".suffix");
temp.deleteOnExit();
BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter
(new FileWriter(temp));
out.write("aString");
System.out.println("temporary file created:");
out.close();
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
temporary file created:
Problem Description:
How to append a string in an existing file?
Saikat Banerjee
Page 46
47. Solution:
This example shows how to append a string in an existing file using filewriter method.
import java.io.*;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
try {
BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter
(new FileWriter("filename"));
out.write("aString1n");
out.close();
out = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter
("filename",true));
out.write("aString2");
out.close();
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader
(new FileReader("filename"));
String str;
while ((str = in.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(str);
}
}
in.close();
catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("exception occoured"+ e);
}
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
aString1
aString2
Problem Description:
How to copy one file into another file?
Solution:
This example shows how to copy contents of one file into another file using read & write methods of
BufferedWriter class.
import java.io.*;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args)
throws Exception {
BufferedWriter out1 = new BufferedWriter
(new FileWriter("srcfile"));
out1.write("string to be copiedn");
out1.close();
InputStream in = new FileInputStream
Saikat Banerjee
Page 47
48. (new File("srcfile"));
OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream
(new File("destnfile"));
byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = in.read(buf)) > 0) {
out.write(buf, 0, len);
}
in.close();
out.close();
BufferedReader in1 = new BufferedReader
(new FileReader("destnfile"));
String str;
while ((str = in1.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(str);
}
in.close();
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
string to be copied
Problem Description:
How to delete a file?
Solution:
This example shows how to delete a file using delete() method of File class.
import java.io.*;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
BufferedWriter out = new BufferedWriter
(new FileWriter("filename"));
out.write("aString1n");
out.close();
boolean success = (new File
("filename")).delete();
if (success) {
System.out.println("The file has
been successfully deleted");
}
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader
(new FileReader("filename"));
String str;
while ((str = in.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(str);
}
in.close();
}
catch (IOException e) {
System.out.println("exception occoured"+ e);
Saikat Banerjee
Page 48
49. System.out.println("File does not exist
or you are trying to read a file that
has been deleted");
}
}
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
The file has been successfully deleted
exception occouredjava.io.FileNotFoundException:
filename (The system cannot find the file specified)
File does not exist or you are trying to read a
file that has been deleted
Problem Description:
How to read a file?
Solution:
This example shows how to read a file using readLine method of BufferedReader class.
import java.io.*;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader
(new FileReader("c:filename"));
String str;
while ((str = in.readLine()) != null) {
System.out.println(str);
}
System.out.println(str);
}
catch (IOException e) {
}
}
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
aString
Problem Description:
How to write into a file ?
Saikat Banerjee
Page 49
50. Solution:
This example shows how to write to a file using write method of BufferedWriter.
import java.io.*;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
BufferedWriter out = new
BufferedWriter(new FileWriter("outfilename"));
out.write("aString");
out.close();
System.out.println
("File created successfully");
}
catch (IOException e) {
}
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
File created successfully.
Java Directory - Programming Examples
Learn how to accsess directories in Java programming. Here are most commonly used examples:
1. How to create directories recursively?
2. How to delete a directory?
3. How to get the fact that a directory is empty or not?
4. How to get a directory is hidden or not?
5. How to print the directory hierarchy?
6. How to print the last modification time of a directory?
7. How to get the parent directory of a file?
8. How to search all files inside a directory?
9. How to get the size of a directory?
10. How to traverse a directory?
11. How to find current working directory?
12. How to display root directories in the system?
13. How to search for a file in a directory?
14. How to display all the files in a directory?
15. How to display all the directories in a directory?
Problem Description:
How to create directories recursively ?
Saikat Banerjee
Page 50
51. Solution:
Following example shows how to create directories recursively with the help of file.mkdirs() methods of File
class.
import java.io.File;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String directories = "D:abcdefghi";
File file = new File(directories);
boolean result = file.mkdirs();
System.out.println("Status = " + result);
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Status = true
Problem Description:
How to delete a directory?
Solution:
Following example demonstares how to delete a directory after deleting its files and directories by the use
ofdir.isDirectory(),dir.list() and deleteDir() methods of File class.
import java.io.File;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] argv) throws Exception {
deleteDir(new File("c:temp"));
}
public static boolean deleteDir(File dir) {
if (dir.isDirectory()) {
String[] children = dir.list();
for (int i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
boolean success = deleteDir
(new File(dir, children[i]));
if (!success) {
return false;
}
}
}
return dir.delete();
System.out.println("The directory is deleted.");
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Saikat Banerjee
Page 51
52. The directory is deleted.
Problem Description:
How to get the fact that a directory is empty or not?
Solution:
Following example gets the size of a directory by using file.isDirectory(),file.list() and file.getPath() methodsof
File class.
import java.io.File;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
File file = new File("/data");
if (file.isDirectory()) {
String[] files = file.list();
if (files.length > 0) {
System.out.println("The " + file.getPath() +
" is not empty!");
}
}
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
The D://Java/file.txt is not empty!
Problem Description:
How to get a directory is hidden or not?
Solution:
Following example demonstrates how to get the fact that a file is hidden or not by using file.isHidden() method
of File class.
import java.io.File;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
File file = new File("C:/Demo.txt");
System.out.println(file.isHidden());
}
}
Problem Description:
How to print the directory hierarchy?
Saikat Banerjee
Page 52
53. Solution:
Following example shows how to print the hierarchy of a specified directory using file.getName() and
file.listFiles() method of File class.
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
public class FileUtil {
public static void main(String[] a)throws IOException{
showDir(1, new File("d:Java"));
}
static void showDir(int indent, File file)
throws IOException {
for (int i = 0; i < indent; i++)
System.out.print('-');
System.out.println(file.getName());
if (file.isDirectory()) {
File[] files = file.listFiles();
for (int i = 0; i < files.length; i++)
showDir(indent + 4, files[i]);
}
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
-Java
-----codes
---------string.txt
---------array.txt
-----tutorial
Problem Description:
How to print the last modification time of a directory?
Solution:
Following example demonstrates how to get the last modification time of a directory with the help of
file.lastModified() method of File class.
import java.io.File;
import java.util.Date;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
File file = new File("C://FileIO//demo.txt");
System.out.println("last modifed:" +
new Date(file.lastModified()));
}
}
Saikat Banerjee
Page 53
54. Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
last modifed:10:20:54
The above code sample will produce the following result (as Demo.txt is hidden).
True
Problem Description:
How to get the parent directory of a file?
Solution:
Following example shows how to get the parent directory of a file by the use of file.getParent() method of File
class.
import java.io.File;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
File file = new File("C:/File/demo.txt");
String strParentDirectory = file.getParent();
System.out.println("Parent directory is : "
+ strParentDirectory);
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Parent directory is : File
Problem Description:
How to search all files inside a directory?
Solution:
Following example demonstrares how to search and get a list of all files under a specified directory by using
dir.list() method of File class.
import java.io.File;
public class Main {
Saikat Banerjee
Page 54
55. public static void main(String[] argv)
throws Exception {
File dir = new File("directoryName");
String[] children = dir.list();
if (children == null) {
System.out.println("does not exist or
is not a directory");
}
else {
for (int i = 0; i < children.length; i++) {
String filename = children[i];
System.out.println(filename);
}
}
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
sdk
---vehicles
------body.txt
------color.txt
------engine.txt
---ships
------shipengine.txt
Problem Description:
How to get the size of a directory?
Solution:
Following example shows how to get the size of a directory with the help of FileUtils.sizeofDirectory(File
Name) method of FileUtils class.
import java.io.File;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
long size = FileUtils.sizeOfDirectory
(new File("C:/Windows"));
System.out.println("Size: " + size + " bytes");
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Size: 2048 bytes
Saikat Banerjee
Page 55
56. Java Exception - Programming Examples
Learn how to play with exception in Java programming. Here are most commonly used examples:
1. How to use finally block for catching exceptions?
2. How to use handle the exception heiarchies?
3. How to use handle the exception methods?
4. How to use handle the runtime exceptions?
5. How to use handle the empty stack exception ?
6. How to use catch to handle the exception?
7. How to use catch to handle chained exception?
8. How to use handle the exception with overloaded methods ?
9. How to handle the checked exceptions?
10. How to pass arguments while throwing checked exception?
11. How to handle multiple exceptions (devide by zero)?
12. How to handle multiple exceptions (Array out of bound)?
13. How to use handle the exception with overloaded methods ?
14. How to print stack of the Exception?
15. How to use exceptions with thread?
16. How to create user defined Exception?
Problem Description:
How to use finally block for catching exceptions?
Solution:
This example shows how to use finally block to catch runtime exceptions (Illegal Argument Exception) by the
use of e.getMessage().
public class ExceptionDemo2 {
public static void main(String[] argv) {
new ExceptionDemo2().doTheWork();
}
public void doTheWork() {
Object o = null;
for (int i=0; i<5; i++) {
try {
o = makeObj(i);
}
catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
System.err.println
("Error: ("+ e.getMessage()+").");
return;
}
finally {
System.err.println("All done");
if (o==null)
System.exit(0);
}
System.out.println(o);
}
}
public Object makeObj(int type)
throws IllegalArgumentException {
if (type == 1)
Saikat Banerjee
Page 56
57. throw new IllegalArgumentException
("Don't like type " + type);
return new Object();
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
All done
java.lang.Object@1b90b39
Error: (Don't like type 1).
All done
Problem Description:
How to handle the exception hierarchies?
Solution:
This example shows how to handle the exception hierarchies by extending Exception class ?
class Animal extends Exception {
}
class Mammel extends Animal {
}
public class Human {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
throw new Mammel();
}
catch (Mammel m) {
System.err.println("It is mammel");
}
catch (Annoyance a) {
System.err.println("It is animal");
}
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
It is mammel
Problem Description:
How to use handle the exception methods ?
Saikat Banerjee
Page 57
58. Solution:
This example shows how to handle the exception methods by using System.err.println() method of System
class .
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
throw new Exception("My Exception");
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("Caught Exception");
System.err.println("getMessage():" + e.getMessage());
System.err.println("getLocalizedMessage():"
+ e.getLocalizedMessage());
System.err.println("toString():" + e);
System.err.println("printStackTrace():");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Caught Exception
getMassage(): My Exception
gatLocalisedMessage(): My Exception
toString():java.lang.Exception: My Exception
print StackTrace():
java.lang.Exception: My Exception
at ExceptionMethods.main(ExceptionMeyhods.java:12)
Problem Description:
How to handle the runtime exceptions ?
Solution:
This example shows how to handle the runtime exception in a java programs.
public class NeverCaught {
static void f() {
throw new RuntimeException("From f()");
}
static void g() {
f();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
g();
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Saikat Banerjee
Page 58
59. From f()
Problem Description:
How to handle the empty stack exception ?
Solution:
This example shows how to handle the empty stack exception by using s.empty(),s.pop() methods of Stack
class and System.currentTimeMillis()method of Date class .
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.EmptyStackException;
import java.util.Stack;
public class ExceptionalTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int count = 1000000;
Stack s = new Stack();
System.out.println("Testing for empty stack");
long s1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i <= count; i++)
if (!s.empty())
s.pop();
long s2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println((s2 - s1) + " milliseconds");
System.out.println("Catching EmptyStackException");
s1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
for (int i = 0; i <= count; i++) {
try {
s.pop();
}
catch (EmptyStackException e) {
}
}
s2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
System.out.println((s2 - s1) + " milliseconds");
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Testing for empty stack
16 milliseconds
Catching EmptyStackException
3234 milliseconds
Problem Description:
How to use catch to handle the exception?
Solution:
This example shows how to use catch to handle the exception.
Saikat Banerjee
Page 59
60. public class Main{
public static void main (String args[]) {
int array[]={20,20,40};
int num1=15,num2=10;
int result=10;
try{
result = num1/num2;
System.out.println("The result is" +result);
for(int i =5;i >=0; i--) {
System.out.println
("The value of array is" +array[i]);
}
}
catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println("Exception occoured : "+e);
}
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
The result is1
Exception occoured : java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 5
Problem Description:
How to use catch to handle chained exception?
Solution:
This example shows how to handle chained exception using multiple catch blocks.
public class Main{
public static void main (String args[])throws Exception
int n=20,result=0;
try{
result=n/0;
System.out.println("The result is"+result);
}
catch(ArithmeticException ex){
System.out.println
("Arithmetic exception occoured: "+ex);
try {
throw new NumberFormatException();
}
catch(NumberFormatException ex1) {
System.out.println
("Chained exception thrown manually : "+ex1);
}
}
}
}
{
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Saikat Banerjee
Page 60
61. Arithmetic exception occoured :
java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
Chained exception thrown manually :
java.lang.NumberFormatException
Problem Description:
How to handle the exception with overloaded methods ?
Solution:
This example shows how to handle the exception with overloaded methods. You need to have a try catch block
in each method or where the are used.
public class Main {
double method(int i) throws Exception{
return i/0;
}
boolean method(boolean b) {
return !b;
}
static double method(int x, double y) throws Exception
return x + y ;
}
static double method(double x, double y) {
return x + y - 3;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Main mn = new Main();
try{
System.out.println(method(10, 20.0));
System.out.println(method(10.0, 20));
System.out.println(method(10.0, 20.0));
System.out.println(mn.method(10));
}
catch (Exception ex){
System.out.println("exception occoure: "+ ex);
}
}
}
{
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
30.0
27.0
27.0
exception occoure: java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
Java Data Structure - Programming Examples
Learn how to play with data structure in Java programming. Here are most commonly used examples:
1. How to print summation of n numbers?
2. How to get the first and the last element of a linked list?
Saikat Banerjee
Page 61
62. 3. How to add an element at first and last position of a linked list?
4. How to convert an infix expression to postfix expression?
5. How to implement Queue?
6. How to reverse a string using stack?
7. How to search an element inside a linked list?
8. How to implement stack?
9. How to swap two elements in a vector?
10. How to update a linked list?
11. How to get the maximum element from a vector?
12. How to execute binary search on a vector?
13. How to get elements of a LinkedList?
14. How to delete many elements from a linkedList?
Problem Description:
How to print summation of n numbers?
Solution:
Following example demonstrates how to add first n natural numbers by using the concept of stack .
import java.io.IOException;
public class AdditionStack {
static int num;
static int ans;
static Stack theStack;
public static void main(String[] args)
throws IOException {
num = 50;
stackAddition();
System.out.println("Sum=" + ans);
}
public static void stackAddition() {
theStack = new Stack(10000);
ans = 0;
while (num > 0) {
theStack.push(num);
--num;
}
while (!theStack.isEmpty()) {
int newN = theStack.pop();
ans += newN;
}
}
}
class Stack {
private int maxSize;
private int[] data;
private int top;
public Stack(int s) {
maxSize = s;
data = new int[maxSize];
top = -1;
}
public void push(int p) {
data[++top] = p;
}
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63. public int pop() {
return data[top--];
}
public int peek() {
return data[top];
}
public boolean isEmpty() {
return (top == -1);
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Sum=1225
Problem Description:
How to get the first and the last element of a linked list ?
Solution:
Following example shows how to get the first and last element of a linked list with the help of
linkedlistname.getFirst() and linkedlistname.getLast() of LinkedList class.
import java.util.LinkedList;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
LinkedList lList = new LinkedList();
lList.add("100");
lList.add("200");
lList.add("300");
lList.add("400");
lList.add("500");
System.out.println("First element of LinkedList is :
" + lList.getFirst());
System.out.println("Last element of LinkedList is :
" + lList.getLast());
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
First element of LinkedList is :100
Last element of LinkedList is :500
Problem Description:
How to add an element at first and last position of a linked list?
Saikat Banerjee
Page 63
64. Solution:
Following example shows how to add an element at the first and last position of a linked list by using addFirst()
and addLast() method of Linked List class.
import java.util.LinkedList;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
LinkedList lList = new LinkedList();
lList.add("1");
lList.add("2");
lList.add("3");
lList.add("4");
lList.add("5");
System.out.println(lList);
lList.addFirst("0");
System.out.println(lList);
lList.addLast("6");
System.out.println(lList);
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
1, 2, 3, 4, 5
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Problem Description:
How to convert an infix expression to postfix expression?
Solution:
Following example demonstrates how to convert an infix to postfix expression by using the concept of stack.
import java.io.IOException;
public class InToPost {
private Stack theStack;
private String input;
private String output = "";
public InToPost(String in) {
input = in;
int stackSize = input.length();
theStack = new Stack(stackSize);
}
public String doTrans() {
for (int j = 0; j < input.length(); j++) {
char ch = input.charAt(j);
switch (ch) {
case '+':
case '-':
gotOper(ch, 1);
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65. break;
case '*':
case '/':
gotOper(ch, 2);
break;
case '(':
theStack.push(ch);
break;
case ')':
gotParen(ch);
break;
default:
output = output + ch;
break;
}
}
while (!theStack.isEmpty()) {
output = output + theStack.pop();
}
System.out.println(output);
return output;
}
public void gotOper(char opThis, int prec1) {
while (!theStack.isEmpty()) {
char opTop = theStack.pop();
if (opTop == '(') {
theStack.push(opTop);
break;
}
else {
int prec2;
if (opTop == '+' || opTop == '-')
prec2 = 1;
else
prec2 = 2;
if (prec2 < prec1) {
theStack.push(opTop);
break;
}
else
output = output + opTop;
}
}
theStack.push(opThis);
}
public void gotParen(char ch){
while (!theStack.isEmpty()) {
char chx = theStack.pop();
if (chx == '(')
break;
else
output = output + chx;
}
}
public static void main(String[] args)
throws IOException {
String input = "1+2*4/5-7+3/6";
String output;
InToPost theTrans = new InToPost(input);
output = theTrans.doTrans();
System.out.println("Postfix is " + output + 'n');
}
class Stack {
private int maxSize;
private char[] stackArray;
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66. private int top;
public Stack(int max) {
maxSize = max;
stackArray = new char[maxSize];
top = -1;
}
public void push(char j) {
stackArray[++top] = j;
}
public char pop() {
return stackArray[top--];
}
public char peek() {
return stackArray[top];
}
public boolean isEmpty() {
return (top == -1);
}
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
124*5/+7-36/+
Postfix is 124*5/+7-36/+
Problem Description:
How to implement Queue ?
Solution:
Following example shows how to implement a queue in an employee structure.
import java.util.LinkedList;
class GenQueue {
private LinkedList list = new LinkedList();
public void enqueue(E item) {
list.addLast(item);
}
public E dequeue() {
return list.poll();
}
public boolean hasItems() {
return !list.isEmpty();
}
public int size() {
return list.size();
}
public void addItems(GenQueue q) {
while (q.hasItems())
list.addLast(q.dequeue());
}
}
public class GenQueueTest {
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67. public static void main(String[] args) {
GenQueue empList;
empList = new GenQueue();
GenQueue hList;
hList = new GenQueue();
hList.enqueue(new HourlyEmployee("T", "D"));
hList.enqueue(new HourlyEmployee("G", "B"));
hList.enqueue(new HourlyEmployee("F", "S"));
empList.addItems(hList);
System.out.println("The employees' names are:");
while (empList.hasItems()) {
Employee emp = empList.dequeue();
System.out.println(emp.firstName + " "
+ emp.lastName);
}
}
}
class Employee {
public String lastName;
public String firstName;
public Employee() {
}
public Employee(String last, String first) {
this.lastName = last;
this.firstName = first;
}
public String toString() {
return firstName + " " + lastName;
}
}
class HourlyEmployee extends Employee {
public double hourlyRate;
public HourlyEmployee(String last, String first) {
super(last, first);
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
The employees' name are:
T D
G B
F S
Problem Description:
How to reverse a string using stack ?
Solution:
Following example shows how to reverse a string using stack with the help of user defined method
StringReverserThroughStack().
import java.io.IOException;
Saikat Banerjee
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68. public class StringReverserThroughStack {
private String input;
private String output;
public StringReverserThroughStack(String in) {
input = in;
}
public String doRev() {
int stackSize = input.length();
Stack theStack = new Stack(stackSize);
for (int i = 0; i < input.length(); i++) {
char ch = input.charAt(i);
theStack.push(ch);
}
output = "";
while (!theStack.isEmpty()) {
char ch = theStack.pop();
output = output + ch;
}
return output;
}
public static void main(String[] args)
throws IOException {
String input = "Java Source and Support";
String output;
StringReverserThroughStack theReverser =
new StringReverserThroughStack(input);
output = theReverser.doRev();
System.out.println("Reversed: " + output);
}
class Stack {
private int maxSize;
private char[] stackArray;
private int top;
public Stack(int max) {
maxSize = max;
stackArray = new char[maxSize];
top = -1;
}
public void push(char j) {
stackArray[++top] = j;
}
public char pop() {
return stackArray[top--];
}
public char peek() {
return stackArray[top];
}
public boolean isEmpty() {
return (top == -1);
}
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
JavaStringReversal
Reversed:lasreveRgnirtSavaJ
Saikat Banerjee
Page 68
69. Problem Description:
How to search an element inside a linked list ?
Solution:
Following example demonstrates how to search an element inside a linked list using
linkedlistname.indexof(element) to get the first position of the element and
linkedlistname.Lastindexof(elementname) to get the last position of the element inside the linked list.
import java.util.LinkedList;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
LinkedList lList = new LinkedList();
lList.add("1");
lList.add("2");
lList.add("3");
lList.add("4");
lList.add("5");
lList.add("2");
System.out.println("First index of 2 is:"+
lList.indexOf("2"));
System.out.println("Last index of 2 is:"+
lList.lastIndexOf("2"));
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
First index of 2 is: 1
Last index of 2 is: 5
Problem Description:
How to implement stack?
Solution:
Following example shows how to implement stack by creating user defined push() method for entering
elements and pop() method for retriving elements from the stack.
public class MyStack {
private int maxSize;
private long[] stackArray;
private int top;
public MyStack(int s) {
maxSize = s;
stackArray = new long[maxSize];
top = -1;
}
public void push(long j) {
stackArray[++top] = j;
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70. }
public long pop() {
return stackArray[top--];
}
public long peek() {
return stackArray[top];
}
public boolean isEmpty() {
return (top == -1);
}
public boolean isFull() {
return (top == maxSize - 1);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyStack theStack = new MyStack(10);
theStack.push(10);
theStack.push(20);
theStack.push(30);
theStack.push(40);
theStack.push(50);
while (!theStack.isEmpty()) {
long value = theStack.pop();
System.out.print(value);
System.out.print(" ");
}
System.out.println("");
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
50 40 30 20 10
Problem Description:
How to swap two elements in a vector ?
Solution:
Following example .
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Vector;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Vector v = new Vector();
v.add("1");
v.add("2");
v.add("3");
v.add("4");
v.add("5");
System.out.println(v);
Collections.swap(v, 0, 4);
System.out.println("After swapping");
System.out.println(v);
}
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71. }
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
1 2 3 4 5
After swapping
5 2 3 4 1
Problem Description:
How to update a linked list ?
Solution:
Following example demonstrates how to update a linked list by using listname.add() and listname.set() methods
of LinkedList class.
import java.util.LinkedList;
public class MainClass {
public static void main(String[] a) {
LinkedList officers = new LinkedList();
officers.add("B");
officers.add("B");
officers.add("T");
officers.add("H");
officers.add("P");
System.out.println(officers);
officers.set(2, "M");
System.out.println(officers);
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
BBTHP
BBMHP
Problem Description:
How to get the maximum element from a vector ?
Solution:
Following example demonstrates how to get the maximum element of a vector by using v.add() method of
Vector class and Collections.max() method of Collection class.
import java.util.Collections;
Saikat Banerjee
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72. import java.util.Vector;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Vector v = new Vector();
v.add(new Double("3.4324"));
v.add(new Double("3.3532"));
v.add(new Double("3.342"));
v.add(new Double("3.349"));
v.add(new Double("2.3"));
Object obj = Collections.max(v);
System.out.println("The max element is:"+obj);
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
The max element is: 3.4324
Problem Description:
How to execute binary search on a vector ?
Solution:
Following example how to execute binary search on a vector with the help of v.add() method of Vector class
and sort.Collection() method of Collection class.
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Vector;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Vector v = new Vector();
v.add("X");
v.add("M");
v.add("D");
v.add("A");
v.add("O");
Collections.sort(v);
System.out.println(v);
int index = Collections.binarySearch(v, "D");
System.out.println("Element found at : " + index);
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
[A, D, M, O, X]
Element found at : 1
Saikat Banerjee
Page 72
73. Problem Description:
How to get elements of a LinkedList?
Solution:
Following example demonstrates how to get elements of LinkedList using top() & pop() methods.
import java.util.*;
public class Main {
private LinkedList list = new LinkedList();
public void push(Object v) {
list.addFirst(v);
}
public Object top() {
return list.getFirst();
}
public Object pop() {
return list.removeFirst();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Main stack = new Main();
for (int i = 30; i < 40; i++)
stack.push(new Integer(i));
System.out.println(stack.top());
System.out.println(stack.pop());
System.out.println(stack.pop());
System.out.println(stack.pop());
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
39
39
38
37
Problem Description:
How to delete many elements from a linkedList?
Solution:
Following example demonstrates how to delete many elements of linkedList using Clear() method.
import java.util.*;
public class Main {
public static void main(String[] args) {
LinkedList lList = new LinkedList();
lList.add("1");
lList.add("8");
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74. lList.add("6");
lList.add("4");
lList.add("5");
System.out.println(lList);
lList.subList(2, 4).clear();
System.out.println(lList);
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
[one, two, three, four, five]
[one, two, three, Replaced, five]
Java Collection - Programming Examples
Learn how to play with collections in Java programming. Here are most commonly used examples:
1. How to convert an array into a collection?
2. How to compare elements in a collection?
3. How to convert a collection into an array?
4. How to print a collection?
5. How to make a collection read-only?
6. How to remove a specific element from a collection?
7. How to reverse a collection?
8. How to shuffle the elements of a collection?
9. How to get the size of a collection?
10. How to iterate through elements of HashMap?
11. How to use different types of Collections?
12. How to use enumeration to display contents of HashTable?
13. How to get Set view of Keys from Java Hashtable?
14. How to find min & max of a List?
15. How to find a sublist in a List?
16. How to replace an element in a list?
17. How to rotate elements of the List?
Problem Description:
How to convert an array into a collection?
Solution:
Following example demonstrates to convert an array into a collection Arrays.asList(name) method of Java Util
class.
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
public class ArrayToCollection{
public static void main(String args[])
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75. throws IOException{
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader
(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
System.out.println("How many elements
you want to add to the array: ");
int n = Integer.parseInt(in.readLine());
String[] name = new String[n];
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++){
name[i] = in.readLine();
}
List list = Arrays.asList(name);
System.out.println();
for(String li: list){
String str = li;
System.out.print(str + " ");
}
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
How many elements you want to add to the array:
red white green
red white green
Problem Description:
How to compare elements in a collection ?
Solution:
Following example compares the element of a collection by converting a string into a treeset using
Collection.min() and Collection.max() methods of Collection class.
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.TreeSet;
class MainClass {
public static void main(String[] args) {
String[] coins = { "Penny", "nickel", "dime",
"Quarter", "dollar" };
Set set = new TreeSet();
for (int i = 0; i < coins.length; i++)
set.add(coins[i]);
System.out.println(Collections.min(set));
System.out.println(Collections.min(set,
String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER));
for(int i=0;i< =10;i++)
System.out.print(-);
System.out.println(Collections.max(set));
System.out.println(Collections.max(set,
String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER));
}
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76. }
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
Penny
dime
---------nickle
Quarter
Problem Description:
How to change a collection to an array?
Solution:
Following example shows how to convert a collection to an array by using list.add() and list.toArray() method
of Java Util class.
import java.util.*;
public class CollectionToArray{
public static void main(String[] args){
List list = new ArrayList();
list.add("This ");
list.add("is ");
list.add("a ");
list.add("good ");
list.add("program.");
String[] s1 = list.toArray(new String[0]);
for(int i = 0; i < s1.length; ++i){
String contents = s1[i];
System.out.print(contents);
}
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
This is a good program.
Problem Description:
How to print a collection?
Solution:
Following example how to print a collection by using tMap.keySet(),tMap.values() and tMap.firstKey()
methods of Java Util class .
Saikat Banerjee
Page 76
77. import java.util.*;
public class TreeExample{
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Tree Map Example!n");
TreeMap tMap = new TreeMap();
tMap.put(1, "Sunday");
tMap.put(2, "Monday");
tMap.put(3, "Tuesday");
tMap.put(4, "Wednesday");
tMap.put(5, "Thursday");
tMap.put(6, "Friday");
tMap.put(7, "Saturday");
System.out.println("Keys of tree map: "
+ tMap.keySet());
System.out.println("Values of tree map: "
+ tMap.values());
System.out.println("Key: 5 value: " + tMap.get(5)+ "n");
System.out.println("First key: " + tMap.firstKey()
+ " Value: "
+ tMap.get(tMap.firstKey()) + "n");
System.out.println("Last key: " + tMap.lastKey()
+ " Value: "+ tMap.get(tMap.lastKey()) + "n");
System.out.println("Removing first data: "
+ tMap.remove(tMap.firstKey()));
System.out.println("Now the tree map Keys: "
+ tMap.keySet());
System.out.println("Now the tree map contain: "
+ tMap.values() + "n");
System.out.println("Removing last data: "
+ tMap.remove(tMap.lastKey()));
System.out.println("Now the tree map Keys: "
+ tMap.keySet());
System.out.println("Now the tree map contain: "
+ tMap.values());
}
}
Result:
The above code sample will produce the following result.
C:collection>javac TreeExample.java
C:collection>java TreeExample
Tree Map Example!
Keys of tree map: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
Values of tree map: [Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday,
Thursday, Friday, Saturday]
Key: 5 value: Thursday
First key: 1 Value: Sunday
Last key: 7 Value: Saturday
Removing first data: Sunday
Now the tree map Keys: [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]
Now the tree map contain: [Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday,
Thursday, Friday, Saturday]
Removing last data: Saturday
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