i made this presentation for you people i hope you will get help from this its my request to all veterinarian plz upload your presentations.and other helping material it will be helpful for other .there is limited data about vet on internet .

2. Necropsy of STOMACH

3. CONTENTS
• What is stomach?
• Types of stomach
• Anatomical differences
• Pathology of stomach

4. STOMACH
• The stomach is a muscular, hollow, dilated part of
the digestive system which functions as an
important organ of the digestive tract
• located between esophagus and small intestine
– Two basics types
• Simple
• Ruminant

5. Types of Stomachs
• Simple Stomach
– Man, Pig
• Complex Stomach
– Cattle, Sheep, Goats
– occupies 4th of the abdominal cavity
• Simple Stomach with enlarged caecum
– Horses, Rabbits, Guinea Pigs

6. Simple Stomach
• Humans, swine, rabbits and
horses
– Divided into three
regions
• cardiac
• fundus
• pylorus

7. Simple stomach

8. Ruminant Stomach
Anatomy:
– Reticulum
– Rumen
– Omasum
– Abomasum

11. COMPARISION
compound stomach simple stomach
4 compartments No compartments
Long digestive system Short digestive system
Prominent microbial digestion Enzymatic digestion
Can synthesis protein Can not synthesis of protein
More utilization of fibers Fiber utilization not significant
No need to provide good protein Need to provide good protein
Syntheses of vit. b No synthesis of vitamin b
Ph. 4.7 Ph. 3.2-4
Duration of digestion 4-7 days Duration of digestion is 12- 24 hours
Propionic acid is the source of energy Glucose is the source of energy

12. Four Components of Ruminant Stomach
Rumen
– First part of the stomach
– composes 80% of ruminant
stomach in mature bovine
animals and 30% in young
animals
– Papillae lining
– Storage , Soaking , Physical
mixing and breakdown
– Fermentation
– Breaks down fibrous feeds
into VFAs

13. Reticulum
• Second compartment of
stomach.
• It has honey comb like
structure.
• Help open and close rumen
make up 5% of the stomach.

14. Omasum
– “Many plies”
– No enzymes from walls
– Reduce particle size
– Absorb some water
– composes 7-8% of bovine
stomach
– absorbs mostly water

15. Abomasum
 the “true” stomach
 Fourth compartment of the
stomach . Where true
digestion occur.
 composes 7-8% of
stomach in mature
animals and 70% in young
animals
 Enzymes activity break down
the feed.

16. Avian Stomach
–Contains two parts
• Proventriculus: same as monogastric
stomach and provides digestive excretions
• Gizzard: located after proventriculus, very
muscular, used to grind food

19. PATHOLOGY OF STOMACH
Ruminal Tympany
• Ruminal Tympany is accumulation of gases in rumen
• It is also known as bloat.
• Rumen is distended due to excessive accumulation of
gases
• Distended rumen compresses diaphragm to hinder
respiration.
• • Tarry colure blood, pale liver and rupture of diaphragm
• • On rupture of rumen gas comes out

21. GASTRITIS
• Gastritis is the
inflammation of stomach
in non-ruminant animals
having simple stomach
caused by chemicals/
drugs, bacteria, virus,
parasite and characterized
by congestion, edema,

22. RUMINITIS
 Inflammation of rumen
in ruminant animals
 caused by change in
diet, chemicals or drugs
 seropurulent exudate
 ulcer formation.

24. HARDWARE DISEASE
• It is also known as
reticulitis
• inflammation of reticulum
• caused by trauma/
perforation by foreign
body including sharp
object like needles, wires,
• Abscess formation,
• pericarditis.

25. OMASITIS
• Omasitis is the inflammation of omasum in ruminant
animals
• Caused by Actinobacillus sp.
• Granulonatous nodules in omasum
• Typical granuloma formation
• Sulfur granules of Actinobacillus in the centre of
lesion.

26. ABOMASITIS
• Abomasitis is the inflammation of abomasum in
ruminants
• caused by chemicals/ drugs, bacteria, virus or
parasites and
• characterized by congestion, edema and/ or
haemorrhagic ulcers.

27. Stomach cancer
• Stomachcancers usually occur due to fluctuations in
acidity level and may present with vague symptoms of
abdominal fullness, weight loss and pain. The actual cause
of stomach cancer is not known eg . squamous cell
carcinoma in the stomach of a horse

29. IMPACTION OF RUMEN AND RETICULUM
• Impaction of rumen and reticulum is common in cattle
and
• buffaloes caused by heavy carbohydrate diet and
characterized
• by atony of rumen, indigestion, acidosis and
haemorrhage on
• serous membranes. Atony of rumen due to lactic acid
production.
• • Rumen is filled with hard, caked undigested food with
• foul odour.

30. Ruminal Parakeratosis
• Ruminal parakeratosis is a disease of cattle and sheep
characterized by hardening and enlargement of the
papillae of the rumen. It is most common in animals fed
a high-concentrate ration. It also is seen in cattle fed
rations of heat-treated alfalfa pellets etc.
• The lesions are thought to be caused by the lowered pH
and the increased concentration of volatile fatty acids
(VFA) in the ruminal fluid.