2. Why did it begin in Great
Britain?
1.Farming (more land new
crops, better food)
2.Britain had many
workers (pop)
3. 3. British had money or
CAPITAL to invest.
4. ENTREPRENEURS:
businessmen who want
new opportunities to make
money.
4. 5. natural resources such
as coal, iron, & water
for power & shipping.
6. Colonies create
markets to sell goods
5. 1. 1765: . James Hargreaves-
invented spinning jenny-
makes thread. Cotton
industry grows!!
6. Other inventions:
2. 1775: James
Watt-
improved
steam engine-
run machines,
faster
transportation
7. 2. Edmund Cartwright- water
powered loom-weaves
cloth, powered by rivers
next to factories
8. COAL & IRON
3. Henry Cort
invents
PUDDLING-
process to
burn away
impurities in
iron to make
hi quality iron
9. 4. 1804: Robert Trevithick
1 steam locomotive
st
•Creates new jobs, mkts
& lowers costs of
shipping. Trains go up to
50 mph, build
100s miles
of track
12. • INDUSTRIAL
CAPITALISM- an
eco system based
on industrial
production & new
classes developed
as a result
13. • Factories built.
• Owners have
shifts to run
machines
constantly.
• Employees work
assembly lines,
repeating same
task.
• Fined & beaten for
being late
14. • Many workers
had been
farmers &
many were
women or
kids (young as
5) who worked
12-16 hr days,
for little pay
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23. Social Changes
New social classes
developed:
1. Middle Class
were managers,
store owners,
market planners
2. Industrial
Working Class-
were factory
workers.
24. 1. Worked
12- 16 hr
days, 6 days
a weeks
2. Little pay.
3. Dangerous,
loud & dirty
conditions
25. • Society changed:
• Most factory laborers were
farmers ( 2/3 were women &
kids)
• Many moved to the cities
• Working class & middle class
developed
26. • Women paid ½ &
were 50% of
factory laborers.
• Many also work
out of home
(called a
COTTAGE
INDUSTRY) doing
cleaning, laundry,
etc
27.
28. NORTH AMERICA
Don’t write:
Btw 1800-1860 pop grew!
• canals & RRs link US
• 50% of people live on farms
in US, but many moving to
the North to work
in cities
29. How did population change?
Urbanization (city growth)
factors include:
*Pop doubles in Europe. (266
mil)
* Less wars & diseases, &
better food led to growth.
* people come to city to work
in factories
34. •Conditions worsen &
socialism grows (idea
govt should take control
of means of production)
& Trade unions dev to
fight to raise
wages,
& improve
conditions
37. • GB, AUS, PRU,
RUS meet
Sept 1814 for
peace
settlement at
CONGRESS OF
VIENNA
• Led by
Klemens Von
Metternich
38. •Principle of Legitimacy-
restore monarchies to
power
•Divide territories so that
so no one too strong
•GB, Rus, Pru Aus,
Fr meet
to keep peace
39. • adopt PRINCIPLE of
INTERVENTION- right to
send in armies if rev
occurs. But Britain refused
40. • New ideas:
• LIBRALISM-idea people
should be free from govt
restraint (freedom of
speech, separation
of church &
state, want a
constitutional
monarchy)
41. •NATIONALISM- a unique
cultural identity of a people
based on a common
language, religion, history.
Often leads people to want
own nation. Starts
revolutions, upsets balance
of power
42. • GERMANY was 38 states (German
Confederation)
• Rulers promise new constitutions
& meet as Frankfort assembly to
write one. Draft it, but can’t
enforce.
• ITALY: 9 states, some owned by
Austria.
• Revolts break out to create unified
Italy w/ liberal constitutions, but
Austrians stop it.
44. •DON’T WRITE!!!
• Second Industrial Rev
lasted from 1870s into
1900s.
• 1st rev focused on
railroads, iron, coal, and
cloth. 2nd focused on:
45. 1. Iron replaced
by steel- light,
strong
2. electricity-
heat & light,
factories could
run 24 hrs
3. chemicals &
oil
46. NEW 1. telephone in
INVENTIONS 1876- Alexander
Graham Bell
2. Radio- Guglielmo
Marconi
3. Plane- Wright
brothers
4. Internal
combustion
engine- Daimler
47. OTHER CHANGES
•Wages
increased &
prices drop
due to
cheaper
transportation
& factories
48. • Italy, Aus-
Hungary,
SP, Port &
Rus still
agricultural,
not
industrial.
49. Top- wealthy 5% of pop own
30-40% of money
• Middle Class- Drs, lawyers,
civil servants
• Lower-middle class-
shopkeepers
• Lower class- sales people,
secretaries.
• Working class- 80% of
pop (servants, farmers)
51. 1. Women- new jobs open up.
Create jobs as clerks,
secretaries, typists
2. Women work until
marriage in working class
families.
3. Feminism grows.
4. Can divorce, own
property, go to college
52.
53.
54. FUN!!!! • People had
time & $$$$
for leisure
• Pro sports
(Reds 1869)
• Amusement
parks & dance
halls
open
66. •State financed schools
set up for boys & girls to:
•train labor for factories
•Increase literacy
•Create patriotism
67. ORGANIZING THE WORKING
CLASS
•Karl Marx & Friedrich
Engels upset by factory
conditions & blame
industrial capitalism.
•Wrote in Communist
Manifesto that:
68. COMMUNIST MANIFESTO
a.history is a class
struggle
b. Oppressors or
Bourgeoisie are middle
class who own means of
production (land, $$$)
& control govt
69. COMMUNIST MANIFESTO
c. Oppressed or Proletariat
are working class &
depend on oppressor
d. Huge struggle
will occur w/
violent
revolution
70. KARL MARX
e. Proletariat
will
overthrow
bourgeoisie
& form
dictatorship
to organize
production.
71. KARL MARX
f . Creates no
social or
economic
classes or
differences
.