3. Telecoms Technologies – The Emerging Picture
Evolution of Mobile Networks
4G!
(LTE)
3.5, 3.75 (UMB)
(HSPA)
(EV-DO: 0, A, B)
UMTS/W-CDMA
cdma2000 (1X: 0,1)
GPRS
EDGE
GSM IS95B
PDC
TDMA (D-AMPS)
CDMA (cdmaOne / IS95A)
TACS
AMPS
NMT
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Telecoms Technologies – The Emerging Picture
Basic Mobile Network Elements
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4. Telecoms Technologies – The Emerging Picture
Circuit-Switched Domain
MSC
Mobile Switching
Centre
• 64 kbps Switch
• GMSC is Gateway
• 99.999% Uptime
VLR
Visitor Location
Register
• Local Database
• One per MSC
• Subscription
Profile
• Location (Area)
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Telecoms Technologies – The Emerging Picture
Home Subscriber Server
EIR
Equipment ID
Register
• IMEI
• *#06#
• Blacklist
• Central EIR?
AUC
HLR Authentication
Home Location Centre
Register • Authenticates SIM
• IMSI • Keys for encryption
• Subscription Profile
• Location (MSC/VLR)
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5. Telecoms Technologies – The Emerging Picture
Packet-Switched Domain
SGSN
Serving GPRS
Support Node
• Routing Function
• IP Traffic
• Local Database
GGSN
Gateway GPRS
Support Node
• Routing Function
• IP Traffic
• DNS
• Firewall
• DHCP
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Telecoms Technologies – The Emerging Picture
GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (2G)
(GERAN)
BTS = Base Transceiver Station
BSC = Base Station Controller
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6. Telecoms Technologies – The Emerging Picture
UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (3G)
(UTRAN)
RNC = Radio Network Controller
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Telecoms Technologies – The Emerging Picture
Handovers
1 Mobile monitors serving and neighbour cell signals
2 Measurement report sent to BSC every 1/2 second
3 On reaching A , neighbour cell is assessed as the “better” cell to use
4 BSC instigates handover
5 New connection made via “neighbour” cell (new serving cell) and BSC
6 Old connection dropped
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8. Telecoms Technologies – The Emerging Picture
IMS - Seamless Service Provisioning
IP Multimedia
Subsystem
GSM
GPRS
3G
IP Core Network
Access Technologies
Fixed
Line
WiFi
WiMax
• New subsystem
• Supports IP-based multimedia services (realtime and
non-realtime)
• Based on IETF standards and protocols (e.g. SIP & SDP)
• Fixed and Mobile Implementations
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Telecoms Technologies – The Emerging Picture
IMS – Operator Benefits
Operator Benefits
• New innovative services
– blended services
• Centralised control
• Scaleability
• Step towards all-IP networks
• Simplified Billing
• Reduced CAPEX and OPEX
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9. Telecoms Technologies – The Emerging Picture
IMS – Operator Benefits
Frost & Sullivan, Jan 2008:
"The key factors propelling the carrier adoption of IMS
include:
- lower capital and operational expenditures,
- shorter new product introduction (NPI),
- flexibility in creating new 'combinational services’
- higher ARPU) due to the advent of new services.”
“Providing the capability to work with different
equipment manufacturers will be one of the main
challenges.”
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Telecoms Technologies – The Emerging Picture
IMS – Benefits to the User
User Benefits
• “New” Services
• Personalisation
• Access anywhere
• Security
• Blending of services
• Ease of use
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11. Telecoms Technologies – The Emerging Picture
Digital Subscriber Line Technology
• Limited by Distance
• Contention Ratios 1:20 to 1:50
• QoS Variable
• CLECs deploying own DSLAMs
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Telecoms Technologies – The Emerging Picture
FTTx – using fibre to deliver the services
FTTx = Fibre To The (Home, Premises, Cabinet,…)
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13. Telecoms Technologies – The Emerging Picture
WiMAX 802.16
Operates 2-11GHz frequency bands
Data rates up to 70Mbps depending on range
Range up to 30 miles
Better QoS support at MAC layer
More users can share a single radio channel (up to 100)
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Telecoms Technologies – The Emerging Picture
WiMAX as a Backhaul Solution
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14. Telecoms Technologies – The Emerging Picture
Rural Broadband
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Telecoms Technologies – The Emerging Picture
WiMAX Suite of Standards (Evolution)
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15. Telecoms Technologies – The Emerging Picture
WiMAX Usage Evolution
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Telecoms Technologies – The Emerging Picture
WiMAX vs Cellular Technologies
Cellular
• Wide area coverage
• Well established
• Huge vendor support for terminals
• Optimised for voice
• Low data rates
• Expensive deployment
WiMAX
• High Data Rates (broadband)
• Relatively low entry cost
• Not designed for voice
• Limited coverage
• Portable rather than mobile coverage
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16. Telecoms Technologies – The Emerging Picture
WiMAX deployment:
- 300 Deployments in 118 countries (WiMAX Congress, Jun 08)
- South Korea and Pakistan have the largest deployments
of mobile WiMAX technology.
- (Korea's WiBro service - KT and SK Telecom - coverage
across metropolitan Seoul for more than 100,000 users).
- (Wateen in Pakistan recently ordered 198,000 802.16e
CPE from Motorola to offer nationwide fixed residential
and business services).
- The most talked about and anticipated network is Sprint's
Xohm service in the US (launched in Baltimore).
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Telecoms Technologies – The Emerging Picture
WiMAX deployment:
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18. Telecoms Technologies – The Emerging Picture
Allowing 3rd Parties to Provide Services
API = Application Programming Interface
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Telecoms Technologies – The Emerging Picture
IMS - Seamless Service Provisioning
IP Multimedia
Subsystem
GSM
GPRS
3G
IP Core Network
Access Technologies
Fixed
Line
WiFi
WiMAX
• New subsystem
• Supports IP-based multimedia services (realtime and
non-realtime)
• Based on IETF standards and protocols (e.g. SIP & SDP)
• Fixed and Mobile Implementations
IMS = IP Multimedia Subsystem
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20. Telecoms Technologies – The Emerging Picture
IP Television Market?
Key players include: France Telecom, PCCW, Qwest,
Telefonica, Chunghwa Telecom.
India and China are registering sharp rises in broadband
subscriptions and, together with The Philippines, will join
South Korea, Taiwan, Japan, Singapore and Macao, in
the growing APAC marketplace.
The American market is expected to be the most
competitive IPTV market in the world, largely due to high
existing pay-TV penetration, stiff prices and service
competition.
IPTV subscribers worldwide are forecast to reach to 103
million in 2011. The Americas and Western Europe are
expected to be the biggest markets on revenue per user
basis.
38 (RNCOS, Feb 2008)
Telecoms Technologies – The Emerging Picture
Mobile TV – what are the key issues?
Various network options
- Cellular
- Terrestrial broadcast
- Satellite broadcast
Spectrum allocation – waiting
for analogue TV switch-off on
different frequencies
Network rollout and handset
availability
Battery technology
Pricing models
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24. Telecoms Technologies – The Emerging Picture
The Creation of Call Detail Records
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Telecoms Technologies – The Emerging Picture
Billing Process
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25. Telecoms Technologies – The Emerging Picture
Roaming Agreements and TAP
TAP = Transferred Account Procedure
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Telecoms Technologies – The Emerging Picture
Prepaid Billing
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