SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo
1 von 15
Reuse, instructional design and learning objects Miguel-Angel Sicilia Information Engineering Research Unit University of Alcalá [email_address]
We live the age of open sharing ,[object Object],[object Object]
A definition for “learning object” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Learning designs (IMS LD) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Where is the (instructional) design? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Where is the design? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What is being shared? Open LMSs and open repositories (e.g. .LRN and Paloma respectively) learning  needs instructional  design activity  structure resources resources use in learning  situations IMS LD Unit of Learning activity structure + reference to LO  and services metadata
Is it possible to represent ID methods? ,[object Object],[object Object]
Ontologies and rules ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],lr:LearningObject(?lo)   lr:hasPart(?lo, ?lo2)    lr:hasPart(?lo, ?lo3)   lr:ExerciseLO(?lo2)    lr:ExerciseLO(?lo3)     hasAbundantExamples(?lo, true) lr:LearningObject(?lo1)     lr:hasPart(?lo1, ?lo2)     lr:hasPart(?lo2, ?lo3)     lr:hasPart(?lo1, ?lo3)
Usage ,[object Object],For each of the concepts identified in the  objective s, generate in the IMS LD method an  activity  to teach the concept, which contains an activity that is specific for exercising, and has in its  Environment  a  KnowledgeObject  of type exercise. Check that the “appropriate” number of resources of type  exercise  are included as part of the  Environment  of the activities.  Contrast that those examples illustrate the same concept expressed in the  objective  of each activity. “ give abundant examples” generating checking Method
Elaboration theory ,[object Object]
Other models… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What if everything was stored? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],semester 1’ 05 semester 2’ 05 semester 1’ 06 semester 2’ 08 … ID A ID A ID B ID B … learning  outcomes learning  outcomes learning  outcomes … learning  outcomes
Why recording the design is important? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Outlook ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

How to Grow Your Business with VisCa (#xAPI)
How to Grow Your Business with VisCa (#xAPI)How to Grow Your Business with VisCa (#xAPI)
How to Grow Your Business with VisCa (#xAPI)Jessie Chuang
 
Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) for online learning
Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) for online learningIntelligent tutoring systems (ITS) for online learning
Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) for online learningBrandon Muramatsu
 
Recent developments in CS education research Jul 18
Recent developments in CS education research Jul 18Recent developments in CS education research Jul 18
Recent developments in CS education research Jul 18Sue Sentance
 
Smart Learning Environments - a framework for standardisation?
Smart Learning Environments - a framework for standardisation?Smart Learning Environments - a framework for standardisation?
Smart Learning Environments - a framework for standardisation?Tore Hoel
 
Asld2011 ljubojevic laurillard
Asld2011 ljubojevic laurillardAsld2011 ljubojevic laurillard
Asld2011 ljubojevic laurillardYishay Mor
 
Standards for Smart Learning Environments
Standards for Smart Learning EnvironmentsStandards for Smart Learning Environments
Standards for Smart Learning EnvironmentsTore Hoel
 
Integrating Technology to Enhance ESL Education
Integrating Technology to Enhance ESL EducationIntegrating Technology to Enhance ESL Education
Integrating Technology to Enhance ESL EducationStephanie Krajicek
 
3 D Project Based Learning Basics for the New Generation Science Standards
3 D Project Based  Learning Basics for the New Generation Science Standards3 D Project Based  Learning Basics for the New Generation Science Standards
3 D Project Based Learning Basics for the New Generation Science Standardsrekharajaseran
 

Was ist angesagt? (11)

How to Grow Your Business with VisCa (#xAPI)
How to Grow Your Business with VisCa (#xAPI)How to Grow Your Business with VisCa (#xAPI)
How to Grow Your Business with VisCa (#xAPI)
 
My RP Defense
My RP DefenseMy RP Defense
My RP Defense
 
Etec 522 ol es
Etec 522 ol esEtec 522 ol es
Etec 522 ol es
 
Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) for online learning
Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) for online learningIntelligent tutoring systems (ITS) for online learning
Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) for online learning
 
Recent developments in CS education research Jul 18
Recent developments in CS education research Jul 18Recent developments in CS education research Jul 18
Recent developments in CS education research Jul 18
 
E learning futures
E learning futuresE learning futures
E learning futures
 
Smart Learning Environments - a framework for standardisation?
Smart Learning Environments - a framework for standardisation?Smart Learning Environments - a framework for standardisation?
Smart Learning Environments - a framework for standardisation?
 
Asld2011 ljubojevic laurillard
Asld2011 ljubojevic laurillardAsld2011 ljubojevic laurillard
Asld2011 ljubojevic laurillard
 
Standards for Smart Learning Environments
Standards for Smart Learning EnvironmentsStandards for Smart Learning Environments
Standards for Smart Learning Environments
 
Integrating Technology to Enhance ESL Education
Integrating Technology to Enhance ESL EducationIntegrating Technology to Enhance ESL Education
Integrating Technology to Enhance ESL Education
 
3 D Project Based Learning Basics for the New Generation Science Standards
3 D Project Based  Learning Basics for the New Generation Science Standards3 D Project Based  Learning Basics for the New Generation Science Standards
3 D Project Based Learning Basics for the New Generation Science Standards
 

Andere mochten auch

Scaling Quality For Online Education
Scaling Quality For Online EducationScaling Quality For Online Education
Scaling Quality For Online Educationtbcavanagh
 
Models for open learning workshop slides 27 oct
Models for open learning workshop slides 27 octModels for open learning workshop slides 27 oct
Models for open learning workshop slides 27 octUniversity Campus Suffolk
 
Learning Object Presentation 3 31 10
Learning Object Presentation 3 31 10Learning Object Presentation 3 31 10
Learning Object Presentation 3 31 10aligreen2010
 
Moving learning from face to-face to online
Moving learning from face to-face to onlineMoving learning from face to-face to online
Moving learning from face to-face to onlinejosephsicard
 
Blended Learning Models
Blended Learning ModelsBlended Learning Models
Blended Learning Modelsdigimuve
 

Andere mochten auch (6)

Scaling Quality For Online Education
Scaling Quality For Online EducationScaling Quality For Online Education
Scaling Quality For Online Education
 
Models for open learning workshop slides 27 oct
Models for open learning workshop slides 27 octModels for open learning workshop slides 27 oct
Models for open learning workshop slides 27 oct
 
Learning Object Presentation 3 31 10
Learning Object Presentation 3 31 10Learning Object Presentation 3 31 10
Learning Object Presentation 3 31 10
 
Moving learning from face to-face to online
Moving learning from face to-face to onlineMoving learning from face to-face to online
Moving learning from face to-face to online
 
Blended Learning Models
Blended Learning ModelsBlended Learning Models
Blended Learning Models
 
Blended learning
Blended learningBlended learning
Blended learning
 

Ähnlich wie Sicilia-Aera08

Overview of C-SAP open educational resources project
Overview of C-SAP open educational resources projectOverview of C-SAP open educational resources project
Overview of C-SAP open educational resources projectCSAPOER
 
C-SAP e-learning forum: Overview of Open Educational Resources project
C-SAP e-learning forum: Overview of Open Educational Resources projectC-SAP e-learning forum: Overview of Open Educational Resources project
C-SAP e-learning forum: Overview of Open Educational Resources projectCSAPSubjectCentre
 
Olnet 30 June Workshop
Olnet 30 June WorkshopOlnet 30 June Workshop
Olnet 30 June Workshopgrainne
 
R representing designs
R representing designsR representing designs
R representing designspmundin
 
Designing for TEL - Design-based research.pptx
Designing for TEL -  Design-based research.pptxDesigning for TEL -  Design-based research.pptx
Designing for TEL - Design-based research.pptxMaha Al-Freih
 
Capstone instructions and examples
Capstone instructions and examplesCapstone instructions and examples
Capstone instructions and examplesCasey Heupel
 
LACLO 2010 - Openness and Analytics: The Future of Learning Objects
LACLO 2010 - Openness and Analytics: The Future of Learning ObjectsLACLO 2010 - Openness and Analytics: The Future of Learning Objects
LACLO 2010 - Openness and Analytics: The Future of Learning ObjectsDavid Wiley
 
Universal Design for Learning
Universal Design for LearningUniversal Design for Learning
Universal Design for Learningdvickery
 
Multidisciplinarity vs. Multivocality, the case of “Learning Analytics"
Multidisciplinarity vs. Multivocality, the case of “Learning Analytics"Multidisciplinarity vs. Multivocality, the case of “Learning Analytics"
Multidisciplinarity vs. Multivocality, the case of “Learning Analytics"Nicolas Balacheff
 
Using patterns to design technology enhanced learning scenarios
Using patterns to design technology enhanced learning scenariosUsing patterns to design technology enhanced learning scenarios
Using patterns to design technology enhanced learning scenarioseLearning Papers
 
Learning Design Roehampton
Learning Design RoehamptonLearning Design Roehampton
Learning Design RoehamptonLeRoy Hill
 
Learnin design roehampton
Learnin design roehamptonLearnin design roehampton
Learnin design roehamptonSUNY Oneonta
 
OU Learning Design workshops
OU Learning Design workshopsOU Learning Design workshops
OU Learning Design workshopsMartin Weller
 
Digifest 2017 - Learning Analytics & Learning Design
Digifest 2017 - Learning Analytics & Learning Design Digifest 2017 - Learning Analytics & Learning Design
Digifest 2017 - Learning Analytics & Learning Design Patrick Lynch
 
Presentation for OER2010 conference, Cambridge
Presentation for OER2010 conference, CambridgePresentation for OER2010 conference, Cambridge
Presentation for OER2010 conference, CambridgeCSAPOER
 
Tools and resources to guide practice june 23
Tools and resources to guide practice june 23Tools and resources to guide practice june 23
Tools and resources to guide practice june 23Grainne Conole
 
LRMI: Using Education Metadata to Support Learning
LRMI: Using Education Metadata to Support LearningLRMI: Using Education Metadata to Support Learning
LRMI: Using Education Metadata to Support LearningAAP PreK-12 Learning Group
 
Design-based research: an introduction
Design-based research: an introductionDesign-based research: an introduction
Design-based research: an introductionPeter Reimann
 

Ähnlich wie Sicilia-Aera08 (20)

Overview of C-SAP open educational resources project
Overview of C-SAP open educational resources projectOverview of C-SAP open educational resources project
Overview of C-SAP open educational resources project
 
C-SAP e-learning forum: Overview of Open Educational Resources project
C-SAP e-learning forum: Overview of Open Educational Resources projectC-SAP e-learning forum: Overview of Open Educational Resources project
C-SAP e-learning forum: Overview of Open Educational Resources project
 
Olnet 30 June Workshop
Olnet 30 June WorkshopOlnet 30 June Workshop
Olnet 30 June Workshop
 
R representing designs
R representing designsR representing designs
R representing designs
 
Designing for TEL - Design-based research.pptx
Designing for TEL -  Design-based research.pptxDesigning for TEL -  Design-based research.pptx
Designing for TEL - Design-based research.pptx
 
Design for learning
Design for learningDesign for learning
Design for learning
 
Capstone instructions and examples
Capstone instructions and examplesCapstone instructions and examples
Capstone instructions and examples
 
LACLO 2010 - Openness and Analytics: The Future of Learning Objects
LACLO 2010 - Openness and Analytics: The Future of Learning ObjectsLACLO 2010 - Openness and Analytics: The Future of Learning Objects
LACLO 2010 - Openness and Analytics: The Future of Learning Objects
 
Universal Design for Learning
Universal Design for LearningUniversal Design for Learning
Universal Design for Learning
 
Multidisciplinarity vs. Multivocality, the case of “Learning Analytics"
Multidisciplinarity vs. Multivocality, the case of “Learning Analytics"Multidisciplinarity vs. Multivocality, the case of “Learning Analytics"
Multidisciplinarity vs. Multivocality, the case of “Learning Analytics"
 
Using patterns to design technology enhanced learning scenarios
Using patterns to design technology enhanced learning scenariosUsing patterns to design technology enhanced learning scenarios
Using patterns to design technology enhanced learning scenarios
 
Learning Design Roehampton
Learning Design RoehamptonLearning Design Roehampton
Learning Design Roehampton
 
Learnin design roehampton
Learnin design roehamptonLearnin design roehampton
Learnin design roehampton
 
Remath teacher scenarios
Remath teacher scenariosRemath teacher scenarios
Remath teacher scenarios
 
OU Learning Design workshops
OU Learning Design workshopsOU Learning Design workshops
OU Learning Design workshops
 
Digifest 2017 - Learning Analytics & Learning Design
Digifest 2017 - Learning Analytics & Learning Design Digifest 2017 - Learning Analytics & Learning Design
Digifest 2017 - Learning Analytics & Learning Design
 
Presentation for OER2010 conference, Cambridge
Presentation for OER2010 conference, CambridgePresentation for OER2010 conference, Cambridge
Presentation for OER2010 conference, Cambridge
 
Tools and resources to guide practice june 23
Tools and resources to guide practice june 23Tools and resources to guide practice june 23
Tools and resources to guide practice june 23
 
LRMI: Using Education Metadata to Support Learning
LRMI: Using Education Metadata to Support LearningLRMI: Using Education Metadata to Support Learning
LRMI: Using Education Metadata to Support Learning
 
Design-based research: an introduction
Design-based research: an introductionDesign-based research: an introduction
Design-based research: an introduction
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Strategies for Unlocking Knowledge Management in Microsoft 365 in the Copilot...
Strategies for Unlocking Knowledge Management in Microsoft 365 in the Copilot...Strategies for Unlocking Knowledge Management in Microsoft 365 in the Copilot...
Strategies for Unlocking Knowledge Management in Microsoft 365 in the Copilot...Drew Madelung
 
MS Copilot expands with MS Graph connectors
MS Copilot expands with MS Graph connectorsMS Copilot expands with MS Graph connectors
MS Copilot expands with MS Graph connectorsNanddeep Nachan
 
"I see eyes in my soup": How Delivery Hero implemented the safety system for ...
"I see eyes in my soup": How Delivery Hero implemented the safety system for ..."I see eyes in my soup": How Delivery Hero implemented the safety system for ...
"I see eyes in my soup": How Delivery Hero implemented the safety system for ...Zilliz
 
Ransomware_Q4_2023. The report. [EN].pdf
Ransomware_Q4_2023. The report. [EN].pdfRansomware_Q4_2023. The report. [EN].pdf
Ransomware_Q4_2023. The report. [EN].pdfOverkill Security
 
Apidays Singapore 2024 - Modernizing Securities Finance by Madhu Subbu
Apidays Singapore 2024 - Modernizing Securities Finance by Madhu SubbuApidays Singapore 2024 - Modernizing Securities Finance by Madhu Subbu
Apidays Singapore 2024 - Modernizing Securities Finance by Madhu Subbuapidays
 
How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected Worker
How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected WorkerHow to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected Worker
How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected WorkerThousandEyes
 
Polkadot JAM Slides - Token2049 - By Dr. Gavin Wood
Polkadot JAM Slides - Token2049 - By Dr. Gavin WoodPolkadot JAM Slides - Token2049 - By Dr. Gavin Wood
Polkadot JAM Slides - Token2049 - By Dr. Gavin WoodJuan lago vázquez
 
Apidays New York 2024 - The value of a flexible API Management solution for O...
Apidays New York 2024 - The value of a flexible API Management solution for O...Apidays New York 2024 - The value of a flexible API Management solution for O...
Apidays New York 2024 - The value of a flexible API Management solution for O...apidays
 
presentation ICT roal in 21st century education
presentation ICT roal in 21st century educationpresentation ICT roal in 21st century education
presentation ICT roal in 21st century educationjfdjdjcjdnsjd
 
A Beginners Guide to Building a RAG App Using Open Source Milvus
A Beginners Guide to Building a RAG App Using Open Source MilvusA Beginners Guide to Building a RAG App Using Open Source Milvus
A Beginners Guide to Building a RAG App Using Open Source MilvusZilliz
 
Apidays Singapore 2024 - Building Digital Trust in a Digital Economy by Veron...
Apidays Singapore 2024 - Building Digital Trust in a Digital Economy by Veron...Apidays Singapore 2024 - Building Digital Trust in a Digital Economy by Veron...
Apidays Singapore 2024 - Building Digital Trust in a Digital Economy by Veron...apidays
 
Strategies for Landing an Oracle DBA Job as a Fresher
Strategies for Landing an Oracle DBA Job as a FresherStrategies for Landing an Oracle DBA Job as a Fresher
Strategies for Landing an Oracle DBA Job as a FresherRemote DBA Services
 
Why Teams call analytics are critical to your entire business
Why Teams call analytics are critical to your entire businessWhy Teams call analytics are critical to your entire business
Why Teams call analytics are critical to your entire businesspanagenda
 
Corporate and higher education May webinar.pptx
Corporate and higher education May webinar.pptxCorporate and higher education May webinar.pptx
Corporate and higher education May webinar.pptxRustici Software
 
Web Form Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apri...
Web Form Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apri...Web Form Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apri...
Web Form Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apri...Jeffrey Haguewood
 
GenAI Risks & Security Meetup 01052024.pdf
GenAI Risks & Security Meetup 01052024.pdfGenAI Risks & Security Meetup 01052024.pdf
GenAI Risks & Security Meetup 01052024.pdflior mazor
 
Mastering MySQL Database Architecture: Deep Dive into MySQL Shell and MySQL R...
Mastering MySQL Database Architecture: Deep Dive into MySQL Shell and MySQL R...Mastering MySQL Database Architecture: Deep Dive into MySQL Shell and MySQL R...
Mastering MySQL Database Architecture: Deep Dive into MySQL Shell and MySQL R...Miguel Araújo
 
ICT role in 21st century education and its challenges
ICT role in 21st century education and its challengesICT role in 21st century education and its challenges
ICT role in 21st century education and its challengesrafiqahmad00786416
 
A Year of the Servo Reboot: Where Are We Now?
A Year of the Servo Reboot: Where Are We Now?A Year of the Servo Reboot: Where Are We Now?
A Year of the Servo Reboot: Where Are We Now?Igalia
 
Boost Fertility New Invention Ups Success Rates.pdf
Boost Fertility New Invention Ups Success Rates.pdfBoost Fertility New Invention Ups Success Rates.pdf
Boost Fertility New Invention Ups Success Rates.pdfsudhanshuwaghmare1
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

Strategies for Unlocking Knowledge Management in Microsoft 365 in the Copilot...
Strategies for Unlocking Knowledge Management in Microsoft 365 in the Copilot...Strategies for Unlocking Knowledge Management in Microsoft 365 in the Copilot...
Strategies for Unlocking Knowledge Management in Microsoft 365 in the Copilot...
 
MS Copilot expands with MS Graph connectors
MS Copilot expands with MS Graph connectorsMS Copilot expands with MS Graph connectors
MS Copilot expands with MS Graph connectors
 
"I see eyes in my soup": How Delivery Hero implemented the safety system for ...
"I see eyes in my soup": How Delivery Hero implemented the safety system for ..."I see eyes in my soup": How Delivery Hero implemented the safety system for ...
"I see eyes in my soup": How Delivery Hero implemented the safety system for ...
 
Ransomware_Q4_2023. The report. [EN].pdf
Ransomware_Q4_2023. The report. [EN].pdfRansomware_Q4_2023. The report. [EN].pdf
Ransomware_Q4_2023. The report. [EN].pdf
 
Apidays Singapore 2024 - Modernizing Securities Finance by Madhu Subbu
Apidays Singapore 2024 - Modernizing Securities Finance by Madhu SubbuApidays Singapore 2024 - Modernizing Securities Finance by Madhu Subbu
Apidays Singapore 2024 - Modernizing Securities Finance by Madhu Subbu
 
How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected Worker
How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected WorkerHow to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected Worker
How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected Worker
 
Polkadot JAM Slides - Token2049 - By Dr. Gavin Wood
Polkadot JAM Slides - Token2049 - By Dr. Gavin WoodPolkadot JAM Slides - Token2049 - By Dr. Gavin Wood
Polkadot JAM Slides - Token2049 - By Dr. Gavin Wood
 
Apidays New York 2024 - The value of a flexible API Management solution for O...
Apidays New York 2024 - The value of a flexible API Management solution for O...Apidays New York 2024 - The value of a flexible API Management solution for O...
Apidays New York 2024 - The value of a flexible API Management solution for O...
 
presentation ICT roal in 21st century education
presentation ICT roal in 21st century educationpresentation ICT roal in 21st century education
presentation ICT roal in 21st century education
 
A Beginners Guide to Building a RAG App Using Open Source Milvus
A Beginners Guide to Building a RAG App Using Open Source MilvusA Beginners Guide to Building a RAG App Using Open Source Milvus
A Beginners Guide to Building a RAG App Using Open Source Milvus
 
Apidays Singapore 2024 - Building Digital Trust in a Digital Economy by Veron...
Apidays Singapore 2024 - Building Digital Trust in a Digital Economy by Veron...Apidays Singapore 2024 - Building Digital Trust in a Digital Economy by Veron...
Apidays Singapore 2024 - Building Digital Trust in a Digital Economy by Veron...
 
Strategies for Landing an Oracle DBA Job as a Fresher
Strategies for Landing an Oracle DBA Job as a FresherStrategies for Landing an Oracle DBA Job as a Fresher
Strategies for Landing an Oracle DBA Job as a Fresher
 
Why Teams call analytics are critical to your entire business
Why Teams call analytics are critical to your entire businessWhy Teams call analytics are critical to your entire business
Why Teams call analytics are critical to your entire business
 
Corporate and higher education May webinar.pptx
Corporate and higher education May webinar.pptxCorporate and higher education May webinar.pptx
Corporate and higher education May webinar.pptx
 
Web Form Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apri...
Web Form Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apri...Web Form Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apri...
Web Form Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apri...
 
GenAI Risks & Security Meetup 01052024.pdf
GenAI Risks & Security Meetup 01052024.pdfGenAI Risks & Security Meetup 01052024.pdf
GenAI Risks & Security Meetup 01052024.pdf
 
Mastering MySQL Database Architecture: Deep Dive into MySQL Shell and MySQL R...
Mastering MySQL Database Architecture: Deep Dive into MySQL Shell and MySQL R...Mastering MySQL Database Architecture: Deep Dive into MySQL Shell and MySQL R...
Mastering MySQL Database Architecture: Deep Dive into MySQL Shell and MySQL R...
 
ICT role in 21st century education and its challenges
ICT role in 21st century education and its challengesICT role in 21st century education and its challenges
ICT role in 21st century education and its challenges
 
A Year of the Servo Reboot: Where Are We Now?
A Year of the Servo Reboot: Where Are We Now?A Year of the Servo Reboot: Where Are We Now?
A Year of the Servo Reboot: Where Are We Now?
 
Boost Fertility New Invention Ups Success Rates.pdf
Boost Fertility New Invention Ups Success Rates.pdfBoost Fertility New Invention Ups Success Rates.pdf
Boost Fertility New Invention Ups Success Rates.pdf
 

Sicilia-Aera08

  • 1. Reuse, instructional design and learning objects Miguel-Angel Sicilia Information Engineering Research Unit University of Alcalá [email_address]
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7. What is being shared? Open LMSs and open repositories (e.g. .LRN and Paloma respectively) learning needs instructional design activity structure resources resources use in learning situations IMS LD Unit of Learning activity structure + reference to LO and services metadata
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.