3. • Properties: (other than tasting sour and being corrosive)
1) React with metals
2) React with carbonates
3) Conduct electricity
4) Turn blue litmus paper red
5) Neutralize bases
ACIDS ARE CORROSIVE
ACIDS
4. If you swallowed a penny, what would happen?
(DON’T TRY THIS AT HOME!!!)
1) ACIDS REACT WITH METALS
6. What happens when you put baking soda (sodium
bicarbonate) into vinegar?
HC2H3O2(aq) + NaHCO3(aq) CO2(g) + H2O(l) + NaC2H3O2(aq)
2) ACIDS REACT WITH CARBONATES
7. Acids are made of ions, so in water these ions separate
and can conduct electricity
HCl(aq) H+
(aq) + Cl-
(aq)
Hydrogen ion is what
makes an acid acidic
3) ACIDS CONDUCT ELECTRICITY
10. Blue litmus paper is an indicator and turns red when it
touches acid
4) ACIDS TURN BLUE LITMUS PAPER RED
11. Acids can neutralize bases, so adding an acid to a base
can neutralize their caustic nature
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) H2O(l) + NaCl(aq)
Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide water + salt (sodium chloride)
Corrosive + caustic non-corrosive + non-corrosive
5) ACIDS NEUTRALIZE BASES
12. Properties: (other than tasting bitter, feeling slippery)
1) Conduct electricity
2) Turn red litmus paper blue
3) Turns phenolphthalein pink
4) Neutralize acids
BASES ARE CAUSTIC
BASES
13. Bases are made of ions, so in water these ions separate
and can conduct electricity
NaOH(aq) Na+
(aq) + OH-
(aq)
hydroxide ion makes
bases basic
1) BASES CONDUCT ELECTRICITY
14. Red litmus paper is an indicator and turns blue when it
touches base
2) BASES TURN RED LITMUS PAPER BLUE
15. Phenolphtalein is colourless, and turns pink in bases
(above pH 8.2) while remaining colourless in acids.
3) BASES TURN PHENOLPHTALEIN PINK
16. Bases can neutralize acids, so adding a base to an acid can eliminate their
corrosiveness
Example: Antacids to neutralize stomach acid
2HCl(aq) + CaCO3(aq) CaCl2(aq) + H2CO3(aq)
H2CO3(aq) H2O(l) + CO2(g)
4) BASES NEUTRALIZE ACIDS
17. ACIDS:
1) Non-metal + oxygen non-metal oxide
2) Non-metal oxide + water ACID!
EXAMPLE:
N2 + 2O2 2NO2
NO2 + H2O HNO3
BASES:
1) Metal + oxygen Metal oxide
2) Metal oxide + water BASE!
EXAMPLE:
2Mg + O2 2MgO
MgO + H2O Mg(OH)2
HOW TO MAKE ACIDS AND BASES
18. Indicators change color depending on whether a substance is
acidic or basic
ACID-BASE INDICATORS
24. Every pH level is 10x more concentrated than the level
above.
i.e. pH 4 is 10x more concentrated than pH 5
pH 3 is 100x more concentrated than pH 5
pH SCALE
25. Polyatomic ion
name
Acid anion name Example
sulfate sulfuric H2SO4 sulfuric acid
chlorate chloric HClO3 chloric acid
carbonate carbonic H2CO3 carbonic acid
phosphate phosphoric H3PO4 phosphoric acid
Recall: Polyatomic ions have modified names in acids
ACID NAMING
28. Polyatomic ion
name
Acid anion name Example
sulfite sulfurous H2SO3 sulfurous acid
chlorite chlorous HClO2 chlorous acid
carbonite carbonous H2CO2 carbonous acid
phosphite phosphorous H3PO3 phosphorous acid
Oxyacids with polyatomic ions that end in “ite” are
given the ending “ous”
ACID NAMING