The document summarizes Singapore's path to independence through merger with Malaya to form Malaysia in 1963. Key events included: 1) Lee Kuan Yew and some PAP leaders supported merger to address Singapore's economic and social problems, but pro-Communists opposed it as it would weaken their influence. 2) A referendum was held in 1962 where 71% of Singaporeans voted in favor of merger. 3) Malaysia was formally established on September 16, 1963 by combining Singapore, Sabah, Sarawak and the existing states of Malaya. 4) However, Indonesia and the Philippines opposed the merger, leading to ongoing tensions.

1. Chapter 9 How did Singapore achieve Independence?