4. 1. ICT provides what 6 features?
2. Discuss ‘Fast, repetitive processing’
3. Discuss ‘Vast storage capacity’
4. Discuss ‘Improved search facilities’
5. Discuss ‘Improved presentation of information’
6. Discuss ‘Improved accessibility of information and services’
7. Discuss ‘Improved security of data and processes’
8. What limitations are there for what ICT can be used for?
9. What limitations are there for what ICT systems can produce in terms of
information?
10. Why else might ICT not provide the appropriate solution?
11. What 3 types of processing exist?
12. Explain Batch Processing and give an appropriate example of when it might be
used.
13. Explain interactive Processing and give an appropriate example of when it
might be used.
14. Explain transaction Processing and give an appropriate example of when it
might be used.
15. What words could be used to distinguish between the 3 types of processing?
5. 1. Fast, repetitive processing
2. Vast storage capacity
3. Improved search facilities
4. Improved presentation of information
5. Improved accessibility of information and
services
6. Improved security of data and processes
6. Can perform calculations quickly
Process repetitive calculations
Mapping DNA
Financial management
Rendering 3D
10. World Wide Web provides us with access to
up-to-date, world wide news and information
Blogs
Social Networks
Micro-blogging
Instant messaging
Chat rooms
Forums
Podcasts
12. Issues with over spending, failure to produce
solution, lateness
Humans can still do many things better:
◦ Reasoning
◦ Opinions
◦ Speech
13. GIGO
Validation
Verification
Valued Judgments
Digital from analogue
14. Personal touch might be needed
Quick pencil and paper notes might be more
accessible than logging on setting up a
document etc.
Interpersonal communication (see doctor
instead of NHS Direct)
15. INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
What do we know What do we know What do we know
about this? about this? about this?
ENTER PRESENT
DATA INFORMATION
16. All computers work on a basis of
INPUT, PROCESS, OUTPUT
The PROCESSING element can be treated differently
depending on the circumstances.
There are 3 modes of processing to consider
◦ Batch
◦ Transaction
◦ Interactive (Real Time)
NOTE: There is some overlap between them; most
transaction processing applications are also
interactive
17. What is it?
◦ Where data is collected together in a group (batch) before processing
takes place.
Characteristics
◦ When processing takes place there is no interaction between computer and
user
◦ Usually performed overnight
◦ Large volumes of data can be processed efficiently
◦ Backing up is simple and can be done after each new job
◦ Tends to have strong error checking features built in (information
produced is often accurate)
◦ Uses fewer system resources
Appropriate contexts for use:
◦ Suited to regular jobs that happen at scheduled times and involve large
quantities of data e.g.
A payroll system
Power Supply bills for customers
Processing cheques
18. Each time one person requires a parcel to be delivered to another
country it is not processed.
You wait until several people require postal's to that country
You then get all the packages together, organise them and deliver
them on one plane journey
19. STEP 1 STEP 2
Single transactions Each transaction is collected and
are made stored in a transaction file.
Transactions are sorted into same
order as the records in the master
file
STEP 3
Transaction
Cheque
Ac No. BATCH When the processing is
124
scheduled to run e.g.
Cheque overnight. Each record
Transaction Ac No.
Transaction File in the transaction file is
123
Cheque read with the
Cheque
Ac No. corresponding record of
123
Transaction Ac No. the master file. An
Cheque
127
Ac No.
updated Master file is
124 then created
Cheque
Ac No.
127
Master File
(e.g. All
customers
details including
name, add.
Balance etc.)
20. What is it?
◦ There is interaction between the ICT system and the
user. The user reacts to prompts from the system and
system uses these prompts to process the data
Characteristics
◦ Real time (immediate)
◦ input-, process, output controlled by the user
Appropriate contexts for use:
◦ Flight control – automatic pilot using sensors to control
the plane
◦ Games – high speed action games where an immediate
response is needed
21. What is it?
◦ Allows many users to access and update a system at apparently the same time. Each
transaction must be completed before the next transaction begins.
Characteristics
◦ Aims to work quickly with a large amount of different transactions
◦ Works with multiple users
◦ Master file is updates immediately
◦ Only one record of the master file is accessed
◦ Master file is always kept up-to-date
◦ Backing up is a problem
Appropriate contexts for use
◦ Booking a flight
Requires multi-access as many travel agents need access to the same file but must be
up-to-date as transactions are made so as not to double book
◦ Booking seats at a cinema
◦ Buying a shirt at a till in Topman
Many tills updating the same system but a new transaction at your till can not take place
until your transaction has been completed
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32. Page 99 and 100 of the McNee and Spencer Text
Book.
Read both Case Studies and answer the ‘End of
sub-Topic Questions’ 4, 5 and 6 (Page 100)
For tomorrow’s lesson (This must be printed out
prior to lesson NOT on your arrival to the lesson)
◦ Thursday detention if failure to complete OR failure to
have printed out before the lesson
