by Emile Aarts

1. Engineering Natural
Lighting Experiences
Emile Aarts
Engineering Natural
Lighting Experiences
Emile Aarts

2. 2
Earth from outer space is beautiful
Andre Kuipers during his ISS Expedition 31/32, 2011-2012

3. 3
Earth from outer space is beautiful
Earth in a sun eclipse

4. 4
Natural light is awesome
Northern hemisphere region

5. 5
ADDITIONAL THEME:Polar light is a miracle
Natural polar light phenomenon

6. 6
At closer range artificial light is taking over
Europe at night

7. 7
Artificial light is unnatural
New York at night

8. City lighting can be overwhelming
8 Shanghai at night

9. Street lighting is sometimes poor
9 Peshawar at night

10. Outdoor lighting can be depressive
10 Courtesy: Google Image

11. Indoor lighting can be tiring and sick-making
11 Courtesy: Google Image

12. Natural light regulates our rhythms
12 Courtesy: Google Image

13. Natural light can be direction setting
13 Courtesy: Google Image

14. 14
Disruptions in lighting

15. The invention of the lamp captured electronic light
•Swan in 1878 and Edison in 1879
created relatively durable
electric filament lamps by means
of vacuum in glass bulb
•Edison also introduced a
system for electricity
distribution in New York
Thomas Edison in his laboratory (1882)
15

16. The proliferation of electric light was slow
It took more than twenty years to realize a million access points
Electric light replaced gas light only as late as 1913
16

17. Lighting hasn’t changed much over hundred years
Early advertisement poster for Philips
Incandescent lamps are being phased out
17

18. LEDs as a disruptive technology
18

19. Source: OMS 2012
Solid State is the new lighting technology
19

20. Source: Scientific American, January 2012
The new LED technology is a breakthrough
20

21. LED technology changes the world lamps market
Source: Navigant Research, 201321

22. Source: McKinsey IMS Research, 2012
Lamps
General illumination
The world market in general lighting changes to solutions
Totalturnover(B€)
22

23. The first stage is retrofit
Retro-fit LED lamps... ...are like horseless carriages.
23

24. The next stage is
Retro-fit LED lamps... ...are like horseless carriages.
“The Liberation of Light”
24

25. SSL introduces unprecedented opportunities
New features
• Low power
• Long lifetime
• High color flexibility
• Low temperature
• Miniaturization
• Embedding
• Advanced control
25

26. • Distributed Systems Control
• Media Processing
• End-User Programming
• Computational Intelligence
• Interaction Design
• Experience Prototyping
• Human Factors
The Lighting Business will copy the Media Business in less than 10 years
New Lighting Competences
26

27. 27
A new Computing Paradigm

28. Ambient Intelligence proliferates innovation
28 E.Aarts, R.Harwig, M.Schuurmans, 2001

29. 2001: “Europe will spend
3.7 billion Euro
on ambient intelligence
research in 2003-2006”
IST Advisory Group
“A European strategy towards an
Ambient Intelligent environments”
IST Advisory Group
“Ambient Intelligence
From vision to reality”
IST Advisory Group On
Experience and Application Research
“Involving Users in the Design of
Ambient Intelligence”
The EU provides support
29

30. Ambient Assisted Living is the flagship project
31

31. Control Roadmap for the Home
32

32. Sustainability Roadmap For the Home
33

33. 34
Experience@Context Experience@Lab Experience@Field
• Trend studies
• Insight generation
• Insight evaluation
• Concept definition
• Experience prototyping
• User centered design
and engineering
• Field tests
• Longitudinal studies
• Market introduction
Society Laboratory Real-Life
Experience Research is a new design approach
34

34. Insight
Gamers want to experience the ultimate
sensation during their play.
Solution
HTML based markup language that controls
physical properties of accessories during
gaming including lamps, fans, and rambler
giving rise to various physical effect.
Benefit
• Additional object control
• Immersive gaming experience
AmBX provides an Ambient Experience for gamers
http://www.ambx.com/
35

35. 36
iCat assists living
Community site: http://www.hitech-projects.com/icat
Insight
Emotions can play an essential role in feedback
systems used for behavioral change and
coaching.
Solution
Programmable open user interface robot that
expresses emotions.
Benefit
Programmable conversational interface that
support users in routinely tasks.

36. 37
Insight
I am afraid to be left alone after a fall
accident (senior). I would feel more secure
if someone would look after my parents
(children).
Solution
• Auto-alert system that responds to
emergency situations
• Intelligent alarm system that responds
only after fall and inactivity
• Reliable fall detection service
Benefit
• Positive response to over 30,000 calls
daily, with more than 720,000 subscribers
using the Lifeline service in North America.
Lifeline’s AutoAlert helps senior citizens

37. Insight
Playful interaction can stimulate and
enhance learning .
Solution
Interactive wall that supports multi-user
serious gaming applications through light
effects and cognitive feedback.
Benefit
Faster learning in a collaborative and social
setting.
NYOYN provides playfull interaction
38

38. Interactive screens enjance the shopping experience
Insight
I love to shop and value any positive
experience that comes with it (customer) I
would like that redecoration of my shop
would be more easy (retailer).
Solution
• Presence aware shopping environment
• Gesture control and eye-tracking
• Multi-touch interaction
• End-user programming interface
Benefit
• Improved customer experience
• Faster redecoration times
• More tailored solutions
39

39. Insights in Light
40

40. ADDITIONAL THEMECircadian rhythms control our life cycles
24 hours sun cycle at the North Pole during summer time41

41. • Cones for day and color
vision
• Rods for night vision
• Third class of
photoreceptors:
• Melanopsin-containing
ganglion cells send signals
to the biological clock
• Light can stimulated nerve
activity to affect sleep,
concentration, emotion, etc.
42
Light effects the brain beyond vision
cortisol
melatonin
alertness
R.Foster, I.Provencio, D.Hudson, S.Fiske, W..d.Grip, M.Menaker, J. Comp. Physiol, 1991

43. Gergen, Gergen & Barton, Physiology Today, 1973
People behave different in the dark
44

44. 1. In the dark people behave different than they would in the light: They
tend to deviate from the public norm. Darkness has been shown to
increase stealing, lying, and acting more aggressively, but has also led
to more intimacy and hugging perfect strangers.
Gergen, K. J, Gergen, M. M., & Barton, W. (1973). Deviance in the dark. Psychology Today, 7, 129-
130.
Zhong, C.-B., Bohns, V. K., & Gino, F. (2010). Good lamps are the best police: Darkness increases
dishonesty and self-interested behavior. Psychological Science, 21, 311-314.
Page, R. A., & Moss, M. K. (1976). Environmental influences on aggression: The effects of
darkness and proximity of victim. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 6, 126-133.
Werth, L., Steidle, A., & Hanke, E. (2012) Getting Close in the Dark: Darkness Increases
Cooperation. Proceedings of EXPERIENCING LIGHT 2012: International Conference on the
Effects of Light on Wellbeing. Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
.
2. Social behavior can be positively effected by light; under the right
lighting conditions persons are willing to donate more money to charity
funds.
Unpublished manuscript, van 't Sant & Lakens, Eindhoven: TU/e
Insights on light and behavior
45

45. 3. People recover faster in sunny rooms; light may even save lives under
critical conditions.
Beauchemin K.M. & Hays P. (1996) Sunny hospital rooms expedite recovery from severe and refractory
depressions. Journal of Affective Disorders 40, 49–51.
Beauchemin K.M. & Hays P. (1998) Dying in the dark: sunshine, gender and outcomes in myocardial
infarction. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 91, 352–354.
4. Bright daylight exposure during day-time and avoidance of light at night
• reduces stress
• seems to lower the need for pain medication
• improves sleep at night
• helps to feel more energized during the day
J.M.Walch et al. (2005), The effect of sunlight on postoperative analgesic medication usage A review of
the literature on evidence-based healthcare design, Psychosomatic Medicine 67, 156–163.
5. For several patient categories, patients staying at the sunny side of the
hospital had significantly shorter length of stay (and even lower mortality)
than those staying at the dim side
R.S.Ulrich, et al., (2008), A review of the research literature on evidence-based healthcare design,
White Paper Series 5.
Insights on light and healing
46

46. 6. Light activates the brain even during day time, exposure to only half an
hour of bright white light makes us feel more alert and vital and
improves performance on cognitive tasks.
Smolders, K.C.H.J., de Kort, Y.A.W., & Cluitmans, P. (2012). A higher illuminance induces alertness
even during office hours: findings on subjective measures, task performance and heart rate
measures. Physiology & Behavior, 107, 7-16,
Smolders, K.C.H.J., de Kort, Y.A.W. & van den Berg, S.M. (2012), Diurnal light exposure and feelings
of vitality: Results of a field study during regular weekdays. Manuscript under review.
7. Exposure to bright white light revitalizes after exhaustion of a person’s
self-control
Esch, M., van, de Kort, Y.A.W., & Smolders (2012). Blue Energy: Investigating the replenishing effect
of Blue Spectrum Light on the amount of energy available for the Self. Eindhoven: TU/e MSc
thesis.
Insights on light and performance
47

47. Solutions
48

48. The Intelligent Lighting Institute in one slide
Programs
• Light by Design Constructing effective light patterns and distributions
• Brilliant Streets Intelligence-based ultra-high efficient road lighting
• Sound Lighting Effects of (natural) lighting on health and well-being
• No Switches Allowed New lighting interaction paradigms
• Open Light Creative lighting solutions
Stakeholders
• Applied Physics
• Built Environment
• Electrical Engineering
• Industrial Design
• Industrial Engineering & Innovation
Science
• Mathematics & Computer Science
Philips Research
Philips Lighting
Approach
• Multidisciplinary and multifunctional
• Exploring intelligent lighting solutions
• Concept driven and evidence based
• Human centric real-life test beds
49

49. ILI explores new venues
Mission
• Create a scientific community of practice dedicated to intelligent lighting
solutions with a scientific and application-based approach
• Establish partnerships with stakeholders in the public-private field
• Apply a multidisciplinary and multifunctional approach, concept driven
and evidence based
• Realize human centric real-life test beds
50

50. Lighting distributions and patterns
Context/insight
The human eye can integrate spatio-
temporal digital light distributions
Achievements
Non-imaging optics design that
generates uniformly distributed beam
patterns that closely resemble that
natural spot lights
Digital control algorithms that render
smooth spatio-temporal light patterns
through color changes among discrete
levels
Partners
Philips
51 Courtesy: Corien Prins, Dragan Sekulovski, 2013

51. Colorizer
Colorize
Spring
Apply
Apps control lighting
52 Courtesy: Dragan Sekulovski, 2013

52. 0.95
0.05
0.92 0.85 0.99 0.93
0.070.06
0.02 0.12 0.01
0.03
Digital control of spatio-temporal transitions
53 Courtesy: Dragan Sekulovski, 2013

53. Distributed control of in-door settings
54 Courtesy: ILI Lightlab, 2013

54. Context/insight
Peoples’ perception and acceptance
of light change over day
Achievement
Design and validation of 4-phase
lighting scenario for bicycle paths
and corresponding stakeholder
acceptance testing
Partners
LuxLab, Philips, Municipality
Eindhoven
Determining optimal out-door lighting conditions
55 Courtesy: Ellen de Vries, Elke den Ouden, 2012

55. ‘Moonlight-like’ lighting increases perception of
comfort and safety in rural urban areas
56 Courtesy: Ellen de Vries, Elke den Ouden, 2012

56. Illumination of a bicycle path in an ecological zone
A stakeholder approach in a Living Lab setting
Zilverackers
Commuters, e.g. schoolchildren
5 lux
Similar to regular bicycle path lighting
Animals & plants, and e.g. athletes
3,5 lux
Dimmed at colour that is less disturbing
for animals and still highly visibility for
humans
Wildlife, and occasional cyclists
0,5 lux
‘Moonlight-like’ light
Commuters, e.g. schoolchildren
7 lux
Extra bright to increase alertness of cyclists
57 Courtesy: Ellen de Vries, Elke den Ouden, 2012

57. Bright amberBright white
Dimmed whiteDimmed amber
Evaluating lighting conditions under different settings
58 Courtesy: Ellen de Vries, Elke den Ouden, 2012

58. Test results – Feeling of safety and
comfort tests
Can you indicate how you feel at this moment:
Comfortable Uncomfortable✗
100 0
wide view
Safe Unsafe✗
100 0
associated with
unpleasant
areas
High scores for ‘Moonlight-like’ setting
Evidence based testing yields significant differences
59 Courtesy: Ellen de Vries, Elke den Ouden, 2012

59. Light festivals are an intriguing playground
Context/insight
Major interactive indoor and
outdoor light design installation
featuring and exposing new lighting
concepts to a broader audience
Achievement
Interactive festival installations
Partners
Municipalities of Amsterdam,
Ankara, Beijing, Eindhoven, Gent,
and Pisa
60 Courtesy: Rombout Frieling, 2013

60. “Flumens” commemorates Dutch sailing history
61 Courtesy: Rombout Frieling, 2013

61. Distributed self-powering LEDS form a sail
62 Courtesy: Rombout Frieling, 2013

62. Rural Spark brings light to India
Context/insight
400 million people have no access to
electricity and have a need to educate
themselves.
Achievement
Deployment of solar-powered lamps in
communities in the rural parts of India
through the development of micro-
economic business models for self-
support
Partners
Indian Development Board, Cofely,
63 Courtesy: Marcel van Heist, 2013

63. Villages develop a light community
64 Courtesy: Marcel van Heist, 2013

64. Locals build their own LED lamps
65 Courtesy: Marcel van Heist, 2013

65. Power is a new trading asset
66 Courtesy: Marcel van Heist, 2013

66. Adaptive healing rooms improve patient recovery
Context/insight
Lighting conditions can improve recovery
of patients in hospitals
Achievement
An ambient intelligent patient room that
supports the patient and family, staff
and specialists in their individual roles to
monitor, treat and recover from stroke
with the purpose
• To improve clinical outcomes for the
patient
• To support the clinical staff in
managing stroke care
Partners
Philips
67 Courtesy: Elke Daemen, Evert van Loenen, 2012

67. Ambient intelligent rooms adapt to the recovery process
68 Courtesy: Elke Daemen, Evert van Loenen, 2012

68. Context research reveals multi-stakeholder issues
Contextual inquiry studies
• Visits to two hospitals for 5 days, 24/7
• Shadowing patients, family and staff
• Observation and interviewing
E. Daemen, R. Cuppen, I. Flinsenberg, E. van Loenen, and R. Rajae-
Joordens, Contextual research for healing patient rooms design:
patient experience flow studies in neurology departments, Proc.
Design4Health 2011, Sheffield Hallam University, 95-109 (2011)
Disorientation
• Disorientation due to insufficient or
unrecognized time and location cues
Insufficient daylight or (nature) views
• In beds further away from window
• In rooms viewing building walls or viewing
inside hospital
69 Courtesy: Elke Daemen, Evert van Loenen, 2012

69. The patient room adapts to daily rhythm atmospheres
Goal
• Provide supplementary virtual daylight
and nature views
• Improve orientation and daily rhythm
07:30 // Waking up 10:00 // Clinical care 20:00 // Going to bed
E. Daemen, S. Behere, R. Cuppen, J. Facey, I. Flinsenberg, E. van Loenen
and R. Rajae-Joordens, Creating an adaptive healing room for neurology
patients, World Health Design Jan.2013, 72-77 (2013)
Implementation
• Novel Artificial Skylight: provides sunny
white light, yet blue sky view
• Patient wall with virtual nature views
• Patient wall and Skylight offer carefully
designed daily rhythm
70 Courtesy: Elke Daemen, Evert van Loenen, 2012

70. ILI Reference Model for Sustainable Urban
Lighting
Achievement
Tool to support cities in the
transition to sustainable lighting
Current status: pilot to support
benchmark of best practices in ten
European cities
Context/insight
Procurement development in city
lighting with the aim on social return
and increased social safety
Partners
Municipalities of Eindhoven,
Amsterdam, and The Hague, Philips
Street lighting reference models support innovation
71 Courtesy: Elke den Ouden, Rianne Valkenburg, 2012

71. Roadmaps are useful tools an a multi-stakeholder
approach
72 Courtesy: Elke den Ouden, Rianne Valkenburg, 2012

72. The digitisation of lighting creates a revolution in the lighting industry
…
The digital media revolution also applies to lighting
73 Courtesy: Elke den Ouden, Rianne Valkenburg, 2012

73. Innovation in quadruple helix & living labs
Guarding public interest: improving quality of life
System architecture
Structure innovation
Development of infrastructure for connectivity
Infrastructure
Open data
Gathering, analyzing and providing data
Data
System innovation
Development of modules and standard interfaces
Devices
Services Social innovation
Development of meaningful services
Technology
enablers
Applications
and services
New business models are investigated
74

74. “No Switches” becomes a reality
Context/insight
Light can be controlled intuitively by
using tangible interaction concepts
Achievement
Market introduction interactive
touch-enabled lamp Fonkel 1. PhD
project that led to commercialization
of an interactive lamp concept using
STW valorization grant
Partners
Fonckel, InnovationLab, STW
75 Courtesy: Philip Ross, 2012

75. We can paint any desired natural light condition
76