4. Causes of the Great War
• Militarism
• British concern over
German growth.
• Military power seen as
symbol of national
prestige.
• Glorification of war by all
powers.
• Arms race among great
powers.
• Influential military leaders
had great influence.
• Belief in Social Darwinism.
5. Causes of the Great War
• Alliances
• Agreements among
nations to aid each
other if attacked.
• Russian agreements
with smaller Slavic
nations.
• Emergence of Central
Powers.
• Emergence of the
Allied Powers.
6.
7. Causes of the Great War
• Nationalism
• French revenge against
Germany (Franco-
Prussian War).
• French desire for return
of Alsace and Lorraine.
• German pride in military
power and industrial
growth.
• Pan-Slavism in Eastern
Europe.
• Serbian desire to create
south Slav state.
8. Causes of the Great War
• Imperialism
• British concern over
German competition for
colonies.
• Economic rivalries
among Britain, Germany,
and France.
• British and French
desire to contain
German territorial
claims in Africa.
9.
10. An Assassination s A War
• Gavrillo Princip a member of the
Black Hand along with other
members succeeded in
assassinating Archduke Francis
Ferdinand on June 28, 1914.
• The assassination gave the
Austria-Hungarian Empire the
fuel that they needed to attack
Serbia.
• Serbia was issued an ultimatum,
but they did not comply with all of
the terms.
• In turn on July 28, 1914 Austria-
Hungary declared war on Serbia.
• Next a chain reaction occurred
as both sides called upon their
allies for help.
44. Propaganda
• Propaganda: is a type of message
aimed at influencing the opinions or
behavior of people. Instead of
impartially providing information
propaganda is often deliberately
misleading, using logical fallacies that
while sometimes convincing, are not
necessarily valid.
45.
46. How to Examine Propaganda?
• Who is the intended audience for the poster? (The specific
targeted group- example… young men)
• What nation produced the poster?
• What is the poster attempting to get people to think? to do?
• What logical appeal(s) is being made by the poster?
• What emotional appeal(s) is being made by the poster?
• What might be the results -positive and negative- on the home
front for these kinds of appeals?
• How do the different nations' posters differ from each other?
Are there similarities?
• Although America is currently at war, why are few posters used
in the war against terrorism?
59. Another One Bites the Dust
•In 1917 bread riots in St.
Petersburg caused the monarchy
to crumble.
•The Allies thought that this would
bring democracy there, but soon
V.I. Lenin took over.
•While the Bolsheviks were
fighting to take over Russia the
United States supported the
whites, “In one of the most
forgotten military operations in US
history, thousands of American
soldiers were sent to Russia,
initially as an ally in the war, to
fight against Vladimir Lenin’s
Bolshevik’s…” (Carroll 35).
•In 1918 Lenin signed the Treaty of
Brest-Litovsk with Germany, thus
ending Russian participation in
the war.
64. Origins
• The origins of this influenza variant is not precisely known. It is thought to
have originated in China in a rare genetic shift of the influenza virus. The
recombination of its surface proteins created a virus novel to almost
everyone and a loss of herd immunity. Recently the virus has been
reconstructed from the tissue of a dead soldier and is now being
genetically characterized.
• The name of Spanish Flu came from the early affliction and large mortalities
in Spain (BMJ,10/19/1918) where it allegedly killed 8 million in May (BMJ,
7/13/1918). However, a first wave of influenza appeared early in the spring
of 1918 in Kansas and in military camps throughout the US. Few noticed the
epidemic in the midst of the war. Wilson had just given his 14 point address.
There was virtually no response or acknowledgment to the epidemics in
March and April in the military camps. It was unfortunate that no steps were
taken to prepare for the usual recrudescence of the virulent influenza strain
in the winter. The lack of action was later criticized when the epidemic could
not be ignored in the winter of 1918 (BMJ, 1918). These first epidemics at
training camps were a sign of what was coming in greater magnitude in the
fall and winter of 1918 to the entire world. (
http://www.stanford.edu/group/virus/uda/)
65.
66.
67. Wilson’s Fourteen Points
• No secret treaties among nations.
• Freedom of the seas.
• Lowered tariffs or free trade
among nations.
• Arms reduction: reduce military.
• Self-determination: right of
people to choose their own
government.
• League of Nations or world peace
keeping body.
• Represent each one in your
interactive notebook.
68. Treaty of Versailles
• The "Big Three”
• David Lloyd George of Britain.
• Georges Clemenceau “Tiger” of
France .
• Woodrow Wilson of America (had
a stroke in 1919; his wife took
over presidential duties behind
the scenes until 1920).
• Georges Clemenceau of France
had one very simple belief;
Germany should be brought to its
knees so that they could never
start a war again.
• Italian leader Orlando attempted to
attain some of the benefits of war,
but they and the Soviet Union
were left out.
69. Treaty of Versailles: Germany,
You’re a Bad, Bad, Boy!
• Germany’s army was reduced to 100,000
men; the army was not allowed to have
tanks.
• Germany was not allowed to have an air
force. It was allowed to have only 6 capital
naval ships and no submarines.
• The west of the Rhineland and 50
kilometers east of the River Rhine was
made into a demilitarized zone (DMZ). No
German soldier or weapon was allowed into
this zone.
• The Allies were to keep an army of
occupation on the west bank of the Rhine
for 15 years.
70. Treaty of Versailles:
Germany, You’re a Bad,
Bad, Boy!
• Germany was stripped of its over seas
colonies.
• Germany had return Alsace and Lorraine to
France.
• Germany was also forbidden to unite with
Austria to form one super state, in an attempt
to keep its economic potential to a minimum.
• Germany had to pay $33 BILLION DOLLARS
in war reparations.
• These severe punishment would lead to WWII.
71. Colonies: “Freedom atColonies: “Freedom at
Last…”Last…”
• Some people of the colonies chose toSome people of the colonies chose to
fight while others were forced to do thefight while others were forced to do the
bidding of their controllers.bidding of their controllers.
• However, some thought that if theyHowever, some thought that if they
fought and won they would be grantedfought and won they would be granted
freedom.freedom.
• This was far from the truth becauseThis was far from the truth because
Britain and France continued theirBritain and France continued their
domination of their holdings plus theirdomination of their holdings plus their
newly added mandates.newly added mandates.
72. What would you change
about the Treaty of
Versailles?
• Pair off and name three things that you
would have added to the Treaty of
Versailles?
• Explain each one.
• Why is yours better than the Allies
version? Explain.
• You have 10 minutes to complete the
assignment.
