The document provides information on several key aspects of Allied intelligence efforts against German U-boats during World War 2, including: 1) Churchill and Roosevelt prioritized intelligence sharing between British and American agencies, allowing them to track Axis forces with new technologies like radar and radio direction finding. 2) Codebreaking efforts, notably solving the Enigma code, were also critical successes that provided intelligence when U-boats were inflicting damage. 3) "Hunter-killer" groups that combined escort ships and aircraft helped locate and attack U-boats using depth charges and other weapons. This concerted intelligence and counterattack strategy ultimately defeated the German submarine threat in the Battle of the Atlantic.

1. List of WWII Battles
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_military_en

3. How Speed Defeats a U-Boat
Montegue Dawson
Oil on canvas
The Mariners' Museum

4. U-177 (Type IXD/2) Running on the Surface, circa 1942
Courtesy of Horst Bredow

5. U-Boat Transmitting Center Ashore in France, 1944
Courtesy of Horst Bredow

6. U.S. Navy Signalsmen Monitoring Enemy Radio Transmissions in the Atlantic,
1944
U.S. Navy photograph in the collections of The Mariners' Museum

7. Allied Convoy in the Atlantic, 1942
U.S. Navy photograph in the collections of The Mariners' Museum

8. Convoy System

9. Allied Intelligence
• Churchill and Roosevelt knew the importance of
intelligence in safeguarding Allied commerce to defeat
the Axis powers.
• The US and G.B. shared information from newly
developed technologies like RADAR and High
Frequency Radio Direction Finding (HF/DF or "huff
duff").
• RADAR provided a means of detecting vessels and
aircraft above the surface
• HF/DF was used to locate the sources of enemy radio
transmissions such as submarines.
• Working together, British and American trackers used
special intelligence to locate Axis forces with extreme
precision.
• Allied intelligence leaders began sharing code-breaking
secrets, known as "very special intelligence" and
classified under cover-names like "ULTRA" and
"MAGIC".

10. Enigma
• System in which Germany transferred
their information through codes
• Solving the Enigma system remains one
of the great Allied triumphs of World War II
• During periods when Allied cryptanalysts
were unable to solve Enigma, U-boats
caused great damage to Anglo-American
commerce

11. Enigma

14. Bombe

15. Atlantic Battlefront

16. Hunter-Killers
Hunter-Killers Chasing down an Axis Submarine—USS Pillsbury (DE 133) and USS Guadalcanal (CVE 60)
U.S. Navy photograph in the collections of The Mariners' Museum

17. Depth Charges
• Bomb Bay Showing Depth Bombs and Sonobuoys inside a TBF "Avenger"
U.S. Navy photograph in the collections of The Mariners' Museum

18. Allied Hunter-Killer Escorts Conducting a Depth Charge Attack on a U-Boat
U.S. Navy photograph in the collections of The Mariners' Museum

19. • Hunter-Killer Grumman TBF "Avenger" Configured for Antisubmarine Warfare
U.S. Navy photograph in the collections of The Mariners' Museum

20. U-Tanker U-118 under Attack by U.S. Navy Aircraft, November 5, 1943
U.S. Navy photograph in the collections of The Mariners' Museum

21. Hunter-Killer Grumman TBF "Avenger" Preparing to Launch
U.S. Navy photograph in the collections of The Mariners' Museum

22. Europe in Summer 1941

23. Why Did Hitler Invade the Soviet
Union?
• Lebensraum
• Despised the ethnic Slavs ruled by their "Jewish
Bolshevik" masters
• Wanted Ukraine for the farmland
• Could use the people as slave labor
• The defeat of the USSR would further isolate the
Allies
• Wanted the oilfields in the Caucasus mountains
• Didn’t trust Stalin-German propaganda showed
that Stalin was planning to attack Germany
• The Western Front fighting was over(except GB)

24. Operation Barbarossa
• The greatest land war in recorded history(manpower and
casualties) began at 3:30 a.m. on June 22, 1941.
• The main front would eventually expand to 1490 miles
and extend to a depth of over 600 miles.
• In the Soviet Union marched the best of the German
Army(4.5 million), amounting to three quarters of it's field
strength.
• By the end of the year, 3,500,000 Red Army soldiers
were in captivity and 4,000,000 had died in battle.
• At one time the Germans occupied some 900,000
square miles of Soviet territory.

25. German Wehrmacht(Army)
• German Army in USSR was split:
• 1. Army Group North whose main goal
was Leningrad
• 2. Army Group Centre whose main goal
was Moscow
• 3. Army Group South whose main goals
were Rostov, the Caucasus Mts, the
Crimean Peninsula and Stalingrad

26. Hitler’s drive to the Caucasus

27. Battle of Stalingrad

29. Operation Uranus: German 6th Army Trapped in Stalingrad
November 19, 1942 - February 6, 1943

30. Operation Winter Storm: Attempt to Relieve 6th Army
Battle of Stalingrad: December 12-18, 1942

31. Soviet Pursuit After Stalingrad... German Counteroffensive
January 13 - March 26, 1943

35. • “By any measure the Battle of Stalingrad was one of the
bloodiest, arguably the largest single battle in human
history. It raged for 200 days. More than 100,000
German and Axis troops died during the first phase of
the battle in 1942 alone. More than 100,000 Romanians,
and 87,000 Italians perished when the Soviets launched
their counter-offensive. After that, another 300,000
Germans were killed or captured when the Soviets
sealed the ring around the city. Thousands more died in
the German attempt to relieve the 6th Army. Of the
500,000 German and fellow Axis troops that began the
battle, only 92,000 were ever captured alive. The others
were either missing in action, killed in action, died of
starvation, exposure or disease. Soviet defenders
meanwhile suffered up to a total of 1,000,000 dead,
wounded and missing during the defense of Stalingrad,
the counter-offensive, the defense of the ring and the
clearing of the pocket. More than 100,000 Soviet civilians
died in Stalingrad and its suburbs.”

36. Battle of Moscow-October 1941 and January 1942.

39. Battle of Moscow
• 280,000-400,000 German casualties
• 650,000–1,280,000 Soviet casualties
• Hitler believed Moscow was the major
military and political target in the USSR as
it would lead to the collapse of the country
• Germany got within 12 miles of Moscow
before Soviet troops stopped the advance
• This battle marked a major turning point
on the Eastern Front

40. • Furious that his army had been unable to
take Moscow, Hitler dismissed his
commander-in-chief in December 1941,
and took personal charge of the
Wehrmacht(German Army)
• Hitler took control and made all military
decisions afterwards
• This led many experienced German
officers to go against Hitler
• Hitler surrounded himself with staff officers
with little or no recent combat experience
—Why?

41. The Siege of Leningrad
• It started on September 8, 1941, when the last land connection
to the city was cut off by Germany
• Lifting of the siege took place on January 27, 1944, 872 days
after it began
• It was one of the longest and most destructive sieges in history
and one of the most costly in terms of casualties
• People often died on the streets, and citizens shortly became
accustomed to the look of death.
• Reports of cannibalism appeared in the winter of 1941–1942,
after all birds, rats and pets were eaten by survivors.
• Hungry gangs attacked and ate defenseless people.
• Leningrad police even formed a special unit to combat
cannibalism.

42. Siege of Leningrad
• Finally, a successful Russian counter-offensive at
Stalingrad, drained necessary resources the
Germans needed to continue the blockade, and
eventually, it failed.
• The Germans never took Leningrad, but it was one
of the most costly conflicts Russia had ever faced.
• Red Army:
1,017,881 killed, captured or missing
2,418,185 wounded and sick
• Civilians: 642,000 during the siege, 400,000 at
evacuations

45. Erwin Rommel-The Desert Fox

46. Bernard Montgomery-Monty

47. George Patton

49. Operation Torch
• The British-American invasion of French North
Africa started on November 8, 1942
• By mid 1943, we had defeated the Germans,
Italians and the Vichy France

53. Casablanca Conference-January 1942
“Unconditional Surrender”

54. Invasion of Sicily-July/August 1943

56. Sicily

57. Sicily

58. Fighting in Italy’s Appenine Mts.

59. Italy

60. Italy

61. Tuskegee Institute

63. George C. Marshall
• Chief of Staff of the
US Military during
WWII

64. Dwight Eisenhower

65. D-Day—June 6, 1944
• Operation Overlord
• Allied invasion of Nazi controlled France
• The assault was conducted in two phases
• 1. an airborne assault landing of 24,000 British,
American, Canadian and Free French airborne troops
shortly after midnight
• 2. an amphibious landing of Allied infantry and armored
divisions on the coast of France starting at 6:30 AM
• There were also decoy operations to distract the German
forces from the real landing areas
• The operation was the largest amphibious invasion in
world history with over 160,00 troops
• Roughly 10,000 Allied causalties(6,600 US)

66. "You are about to embark upon the great crusade,
toward which we have striven these many
months."

69. The Atlantic Wall
• an extensive system of
coastal fortifications built
by Nazi Germany
between 1942 and 1944
along the western coast
of Europe
• Built as a defense against
an anticipated Allied
invasion of the mainland
continent from Great
Britain

83. Ike, Patton and Bradley

84. Battle of the Bulge

86. BATTLE FACTS
• The coldest, snowiest weather “in memory” in the
Ardennes Forest on the German/Belgium border.
• Over a million men, 500,000 Germans, 600,000
Americans (more than fought at Gettysburg) and 55,000
British.
• 100,000 German casualties, killed, wounded or
captured.
• 81,000 American casualties, including 23,554
captured and 19,000 killed.
• 1,400 British casualties 200 killed.
• 800 tanks lost on each side, 1,000 German aircraft.
• The Malmedy Massacre, where 86 American soldiers
were murdered, was the worst atrocity committed
against American troops during the course of the war in
Europe.
• In it's entirety, the “Battle of the Bulge,” was the worst
battles- in terms of losses - to the American Forces in
WWII.

87. Hitler’s Suicide

88. Hitler’s Bunker Unearthed

89. Eva Braun

90. V-E Day May 8, 1945

92. FDR’s Death?? Or Not

94. Truman is sworn in