This PowerPoint takes you through Paper 3 Question 1 (Directed Writing) as well as how to identify and use rhetorical devices.

1. DIRECTED WRITING
WRITING PERSUASIVELY

2. MARK BREAK DOWN
• THERE ARE 25 MARKS FOR THIS QUESTION.
• 10 MARKS ARE GIVEN TO THE CONTENT OF YOUR
ANSWER.
• 15 ARE GIVEN TO THE STYLE OF YOUR WRITING

5. YOU SHOULD USE A 5 PARAGRAPH ESSAY
• STRONG AND CLEAR INTRODUCTION WHICH STATES YOUR POSITION.
• THREE BODY PARAGRAPHS, EACH DISCUSSING A SEPARATE IDEA.
• EACH PARAGRAPH SHOULD RE-PHRASE AND RE-STATE YOUR POSITION.
• A STRONG CONCLUSION, RE-STATING YOUR POSITION AND SUMMARISING YOUR
ARGUMENTS.
• IF APPROPRIATE, ADD A SUGGESTION ON WHAT YOU THINK SHOULD HAPPEN.

6. PLANNING
• MORE SO THAN ANY OTHER LANGUAGE ESSAY, PLANNING IS ESSENTIAL IN THIS
QUESTION.
• IT IS EASIEST TO USE A TABLE, DETAILING THE VIEWS OF THE ORIGINAL PASSAGE
AND THEN YOUR OWN VIEWS.
• KEEP IN MIND THAT MARKS IN THE EXAM WILL ONLY BE AWARDED FOR
EVALUATION OF THE ORIGINAL EXTRACT, NOT FOR REPRODUCING THE POINTS
IN THE EXTRACT.

7. RHETORICAL DEVICES
• RHETORICAL DEVICES ARE EXAMPLES OF LANGUAGE THAT ARE USED TO
PERSUADE THE READER OF A PARTICULAR VIEWPOINT.
• YOU WILL FIND RHETORICAL DEVICES IN THE ORIGINAL PASSAGE, AND YOU
SHOULD USE RHETORICAL DEVICES IN YOUR RESPONSE.
• FOLLOWING IS A SELECTION OF RHETORICAL DEVICES.

8. CONCESSION PHRASES
• GRANTING THAT THE OPPOSING VIEWPOINT MAY HAVE SOME
WEIGHT, BUT THAT YOUR POSITION IS STILL CORRECT.
• EXAMPLES OF CONCESSION PHRASES:
ADMITTEDLY, CERTAINLY, CONSEQUENTLY, FURTHERMORE, IN
FACT, IT IS TRUE THAT, NOBODY DENIES, OBVIOUSLY, OF COURSE,
ON THE OTHER HAND, THE FACT REMAINS, UNDOUBTEDLY

9. RHETORICAL QUESTIONS
• A QUESTION THAT PROVOKES THOUGHT IN THE READER, RATHER
THAN ATTEMPTING TO FIND AN ANSWER.
• E.G. IS IT REALLY FAIR TO SAY THAT EXTINCTION WILL HAPPEN
ANYWAY, AND WE CAN THUS SUPPORT POACHING?
• E.G. DOES THE SPEAKER SUGGEST THAT LIFE WOULD BE BETTER
WITHOUT ANIMALS?
• E.G. IS IT NOT PEOPLE’S OWN FAULT IF THEY WALK IN A FOREST
WITHOUT A GUIDE?

10. APPELLATION
• DIRECTLY ADDRESSING THE READER AS “YOU” TO MAKE
HIM/HER FEEL RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ISSUES UNDER
DISCUSSION.
• USING THE PHRASES “WE” AND “OUR” TO INCLUDE THE
READER IN YOUR ARGUMENT.
• E.G. DO YOU AGREE WITH POACHING?
• E.G. WE ALL KNOW HOW IMPORTANT ANIMALS ARE TO
OUR ECOSYSTEM.

11. FIGURES AND STATISTICS
• MOST IGCSE PASSAGES WILL CONTAIN FACTS AND FIGURES.
• DO NOT MAKE UP FACTS AND STATISTICS, BUT IF THEY ARE IN THE
PASSAGE, CAMBRIDGE PROBABLY WANTS YOU TO USE THEM.
• E.G. D.H. LAWRENCE FELT SYMPATHETIC TO THE PLIGHT OF THE
HORSES IN WORLD WAR I. WHILST SOME MAY FIND THIS
SENTIMENTAL, ONE MAY ALSO QUESTION THE PRACTICE OF USING
DEFENCELESS ANIMALS TO PROPAGATE HUMAN ENDS.

12. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE
• THIS MAY NOT BE APPROPRIATE TO ALL TASKS, BUT IF IT IS, USE IT.
• TRY TO INCLUDE AT LEAST ONE OR TWO OF THE FOLLOWING:
• SIMILE
• HYPERBOLE
• ONOMATOPOEIA
• ALLITERATION
• PERSONIFICATION
• METAPHOR
• ASSONANCE

13. HUMOUR, WIT
• AGAIN, IF APPROPRIATE, TRY TO INCLUDE A HUMOROUS
OR WITTY STATEMENT.
• IN YOUR EXAM PASSAGE, THE RADIO BROADCASTER DID,
SO WHY NOT DO THAT AS WELL.