2. What is Communication?
 Communication originates from the
Greek (Latin) root communis, meaning
„to make common‟.
 It is described as a process of
interaction of ideas between the
communicator and the receiver to
arrive at a common understanding for
mutual benefit (Berlo, 1960),
 a process of transmitting information
and common understanding from one
person to another (Keyton, 2011).

3. What is Communication (2)?
 It is a process of generating meaning
by sending and receiving verbal and
nonverbal symbols and signs.
 Communication is a two way interactive
process of:
 Communicating TO others and
 learning how to interpret the
information received FROM others.
 It is a process of transmitting and
receiving messages (verbal and nonverbal).

4. Types of Communication
Communication can be classified as and
non-verbal
 Verbal: Communication by word, mouth, or
pieces of writing. Verbal communication
deals with the use of spoken language to
transmit information. It refers to the use
of sounds and language to relay a message.
 Non
Verbal:
Communication
through
sending and receiving wordless messages.
They are all intentional and unintentional
messages that are not written or spoken in
the classroom.

5. Verbal Communication
Verbal
communication
can
be
trifurcated into:
 Verbal: The meaning attached to the
spoken word
 Vocal/paralinguistic/paralanguage:
Concerned with the vocalization or how
words are spoken.
 Written: Written communications are
printed messages like textbooks, training
manuals, handout, etc.

6. Verbal Communication (2)
Verbal
 Deals with the meaning and the grammar
of the words used by the teacher.
 Word choice is very important in
communication.
 Teachers should speak words that
people understand, and do not be
offensive.
 Correctness important

7. Verbal Communication (2)
Vocal / Paralanguage / Paralinguistic
Deals with the vocalization which focuses on
“How” a word is spoken than “What” :
 spoken,
 like speaking rate,
 volume,
 pitch,
 tone,
 accent,
 intonation,
 stress on a particular word,

8. Verbal Communication (2)
Written
 Verbal communication which are printed
messages like textbooks, training
manuals, handout, etc.
 They may be printed on
paper, handwritten, or displayed on the
screen.
 While oral communication takes place in real
time (synchronous):
 Written communication can be asynchronous
(occurring at different times) or
 synchronous - real time (teacher‟s writing
on the board).
 It is a “one-to-many” communication
process.

9. Non-Verbal Communication
 This is communication through sending
and receiving wordless messages.
 They are all intentional and unintentional
messages that are not written or spoken
in the classroom.
 The saying “Actions speak louder than
words” shows the essence of non-verbal
communication.

10. Non-Verbal Communication (2)
 The non-spoken or written aspect of
communication can be taken in by our five
senses.
 Research has established that although
what you say is important in
communication, however, what you don‟t
say or what you do can be even more
important,
 Can be used to communicate attitudes or
other shades of meaning.

11. What do studies say about
communication of messages?

12. Importance of Non-Verbal Communication
 Complement verbal message by adding to
its meaning,
 Regulate verbal communication,
 Can substitute for verbal messages, and
 Accent what you are saying.
 Be used as follow up and reiterate verbal
messages.
 Emphasize parts of verbal messages.
 Contradict verbal messages.

13. Types of Non-Verbal Communication
 Body movements,
 Posture,
 Gesture,
 Eye communication/occulesics
 Facial communication,
 Touch/Haptics communication,
 Teachers‟ movement/Proxemics/spatial
messages
 Clothing is one of the most common
forms of non-verbal communication

14. Non-Verbal Communication (Body Movement)
 Emblems: Body movements that have specific
verbal translations.
 Illustrators: They are non-verbal sketches or
pictures that accent emphasize or reinforce
words.
 Affect displays: Facial expressions that
communicate emotional reactions to a message.
 Regulators: They control interaction as each
culture develops its own rules for the
regulation to monitor maintain, or control the
speaking of another individual.
 Adaptors: They are unconscious movement of
the body that originate from the nervous state
of our mind.

15. Non-Verbal Communication (Posture & Gestures)
Posture: Can be used to determine:
 participants degree of attention or
involvement
 Difference
in
status
between
communicators,
 Level of fondness a person has for the
other communicators.
 Posture is understood through such
indicators as direction of lean body
orientation, arm position, and body
openness.
Gesture:
Non-vocal
bodily
movement
intended to express meaning, through hands,
arms or body.

16. Non-Verbal Communication (Eyes/Occulesics)
Science of the movement grammar of our
eyes and of facial expressions.
 Eye avoidance:
 Allow others to maintain their privacy.
 Can also signal lack of interest in a person, a
conversation, or some visual stimulus.
 Eye Grammar - Staring eyes:
 Too much eye contact either shows superiority
or lack of interest a threatening attitude or a
wish to insult.
 Too little eye contact: it has multiple
interpretations. The gesture indicates
dishonesty, impoliteness, insincerity, and also
shyness.
 Withdrawal of eye contact: This is considered
as a sign of submission.

17. Non-Verbal Communication (Facial & Touch)
Facial communication
• Facial movements may communicate at
least the following eight emotions.
• Happiness, surprise, fear, anger, sadness,
disgust, contempt, and interest.
Touch/Haptics communication
• Physical contact with others is the most
basic form of communication and a lack
of touch in certain situations often
communicates that there is a problem.

18. Non-Verbal Communication (Media)
Mainly used as channels.
Audio
Audio Visual
Multimedia

19. Mudasiru Olalere Yusuf (PhD)
Department of Educational Technology,
University of Ilorin, Nigeria
E-mail: moyusuf@unilorin.edu.ng; lereyusuf@yahoo.com;
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/mudasiruoy
Twittter: @moyusuf
Blog: http://wordpress.com/#!/my-blogs/
(2013)
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