2. Introduction
• Highly nutritive crop
• Contains 40% protein and 20% oil
• Soy protein has 5% lycine, which is deficient in many
cereals
Uses:
• Food uses
– Cooking oil, soymilk, soy flour, soy cake, biscuits
3. Non food uses
• Varnish and paints
• Soy-lecithin - a by-product of oil industry is used as
an emulsifier in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals
• Plant is used as fodder
• Enrich soil by N fixation
7. Source: MOA, 2015
In 2014, GOSL has spent Rs. Mn12,753.00 for
importation
Areas
Can be cultivated both in dry and IZ
• Anuradhapura and Mahaweli Zone 'H’
• Kurunegala, Matale and Polonnaruwa districts
Total annual requirement 220,000 mt
Average production 22, 500 mt
8. MISB 01 Maturity period of 90 DAP
Average yield 3.0 t/ha,
Tolerant to shattering and lodging
Good nodulation ability
100 seed weight - 13 g
Pb-1 Maturity 80-85 DAP
Average yield 1.7-2 t/ ha
100 seed weight - 12 g
Recommended Varieties
DAP – Days after planting
9. PM 13 Maturity 90-95 DAP
Average yield 1.7-2.1 t/ h
Recommended Varieties
10. • If the seed sizes range from 12.6 to 18.9 grams per
100 seeds those varieties have good market demand.
Good seeds
Bad seeds
11. Climate
• Can be grown in most agro-climatic regions
• Preferred areas are DZ and drier pats of the IZ
• Optimum temperature range: 30-33 oC
• Temperature < 10oC and >38oC – growth retarded
• Areas receiving 600- 650 mm rainfall is suitable
13. Soil
• Grown in variety of soils ranging from light to dark
• Ideal conditions
– Well drained loam soil
– Loose and well aerated
– pH 6.0 – 7.5
• Compacted soil - not good for root nodule
development
• Water logging is harmful
14. Land Preparation
• One ploughing followed by a harrowing
• Ridge and furrow planting
– Ridges should be formed 40-50 cm apart
– facilitate irrigation.
• Seed rate is 50 kg/ha
Time of planting
Maha - Mid October - Mid November
Yala - Mid April - early May
15. Method of Planting
• If soil drainage is good - plant on a flat surface
• When drainage is poor - ridges or raised beds
Spacing
Inter row - 40 cm
Within row 5 cm
Plant not more than 3 cm deep
1 plant /hill.
18. Growth stages
1. Emergence (VE)
• The radical emerges followed by hypocotyl and
cotyledons
• The first two unifoliate leaves begin to emerge
• 5 -10 days depending on the soil temperature,
moisture and planting depth
• Cotyledons supply all nutrients needed during first
7-10 days
• Loss of cotyledons at or soon after VE reduce yield
potential by 8-9%
20. Growth stages
2. First trifoliate emergence (V1)
• Unifoliate leaves are fully expanded
• First trifoliate emerges
21. Growth stages
3. Second node (V2)
• Active N fixation begin to occur
• A brief yellowing may be observed as plant shift
from using soil available N to fixed N
• Adding N at this time inhibit N production by
nodules
• Lateral roots are developing rapidly in the top 6” of
soil
22. Growth stages
4. Third to fifth node (V3 to V5)
• Flower clusters begin to develop
• Total number of nodes that a plant can produce are
established
23. Growth stages
5. Beginning bloom (R1)
• Flowering begins on 3rd to 6th node and continues
up and down the main stem, eventually moves to
the branches
• Vertical roots, secondary roots and root hairs
continues rapid growth
24. Growth stages
6. Full bloom (R2)
• Dry matter, N, P, K levels are rapidly accumulating
• N fixation by root nodules is increasing rapidly
• P and D infection at this stage may reduce yield
potential by 6%.
25. Growth stages
7. Beginning pod (R3)
• Heat or moisture stress at this time may reduce
– Pod number
– Number of seeds per pod
– Seed size
• Favourable growing conditions during this period
result in
– greater pod number
– increased yield potential
26. Growth stages
8. Full pod (R4)
• Pods are growing rapidly
• Seeds are developing
• Stress during this period can cause reduction in yield
• Irrigation at this time may help reduce the yield loss
27. Growth stages
9. Beginning seed (R5)
• Plants attain maximum height, node number and
leaf area
• N fixation peaks
• Stress at this stage may reduce
– Pod number
– Number of seeds per pod
– Seed size
– Yield potential
28. Growth stages
10. Full seed (R6)
• “Green bean” stage
• Total pod weight peaks
• Leaves begin to yellow
29. Growth stages
11. Beginning maturity (R7)
• Pods on the main stem reaches its brown or tan
mature colour
• Seed dry matter begin to peak
• Seeds and pods loose all green colour
• Prone to seed shattering
30. Growth stages
12. Full maturity (R8)
• When 95% of pods have reached their mature
colour
• Dry weather of 5-10 days prefers
• Seed moisture should be <15%
31.
32. Fertilization
Time of application Amount (kg/ha)
Urea TSP MOP
Basal dressing 50 100 75
Top dressing (at the
onset of flowering
50 -- --
33. Irrigation management
Frequency of irrigation
• Within the first month – once in every 4 days
• Then, 6-7 days interval until 3 weeks before harvest
Method of irrigation
• Flat bed planting – flooding
• Ridge and furrow and raised bed systems – via
furrows
• Moisture stress must be avoided during flowering
and pod filling
36. Pests and disease management
1. Purple Stain(Cercospora kikuchi)
• Seed discoloration - pink to dark purple
• Cracks in the seed coat
Control
• Use disease free seed
• Treat seed with a fungicide
• Use a recommended fungicide as a foliar spray at
pod set
39. Bacterial Pustule (Xanthomonas phaseoli)
Symptoms
• Minute pale green spots on both leaf surfaces
• Become brown pustules with a yellow halo
• Irregular dark brown patches appear when lesion
coalesce
Control
Plant disease free seed
Use crop rotation
40.
41. Harvesting
Maturity indices
• At maturity plant shed leaves
• Leaves turn yellow
• Seeds are hard
• Seed MC not more than 12-14%
Time of Harvesting
• In the morning - avoid shattering
