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Domododossola - Collegio Rosmini - venerdì 21 maggio 2010
Testimonianze
Corso di Perfezionamento in Economia delle Terre Alte a.a. 2009/10
Facoltà di Economia dell’Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro”
Edilizia sostenibile -
Princìpi, esempi, indicatori
Dr. Marco Morosini, Politecnico federale di Zurigo
Perchè l’edilizia è molto importante per lo sviluppo sostenibile
1) Nei Paesi industriali europei gli edifici usano circa il 40% dell’energia primaria
nazionale
2) Il parco di edifici si rinnova molto lentamente (ca. in 100 anni)
3) Aumenta rapidamente la superficie abitata pro capite
+ 0,5 m2
pro capite / anno (1980-2000: 34-44 m2
) in Svizzera
4) Aumenta rapidamente la superficie di terreno coperta da edifici o infrastrutture
+ 1 m2
al secondo, in Svizzera
5) Nell’edilizia si possono ottenere i più alti risparmi energetici,
con i minimi di costi
Indice
- Postulati per la sostenibilità degli edifici
- Raccomandazioni per l‘edilizia sostenibile
(SIA - Soc. Ingegneri e Architetti; Svizzera)
- Alcune buone pratiche:
- „Minergie“: lo standard svizzero di case a bassa energia
- Esempi di edifici „Minergie“
- „Bed Zed“, un quartiere a bassa energia; un approccio olistico
(Londra)
- Indicatori:
- CRISP: database europeo dei sistemi di indicatori per l‘edilizia
sostenibile
POSTULATI ETICI PER LA SOSTENBILITA’ DEGLI EDIFICI
Un’edilizia sostenibile deve garantire:
1) Per gli utenti: salute, comfort, costi accessibili
2) Per gli altri: evitare di creare danni e rischi ad ambiente e popolazione
locali e globali e alle future generazioni
ALCUNI FATTORI PER LA SOSTENBILITA’ AMBIENTALE
DEGLI EDIFICI
- SUOLO
- impiego parsimonioso del suolo (numero di m2 di suolo/abitante);
edifici a molti piani
- ENERGIA
- riduzione del consumo di energia (commerciale) grazie a una
migliore coibentazione e a una maggiore efficienza dei sistemi termici:
edifici a”bassa energia”, a “zero energia” (case passive), a “energia
attiva” (produttori netti di energia per terzi)
- fonti energetiche rinnovabili: solare termico e fotovoltaico, pompe di
calore attingenti il calore del suolo o di acque sotterranee
- materiali locali, rinnovabili, riusabili, riclicabili, separabili, decostruibili
ALCUNI FATTORI PER LA SOSTENBILITA’ AMBIENTALE
DEGLI EDIFICI
- MATERIALI
- Materiali locali, rinnovabili (legno), riusabili, riciclabili, separabili,
durevoli, non nocivi, a bassa intensità energetica
- Uso parsimonioso dell’acqua potabile; uso di acqua piovana
- DUREVOLEZZA
- Durevolezza programmata e modulare
- Adattabilità a usi differenti
- Accessibilità e sostituibilità degli impianti obsoleti
- Facile decostruzione e recupero dei materiali
Società svizzera degli ingegneri e degli architetti (SIA)
CONSTRUCTION DURABLE (It: Edilizia sostenibile)
Recommandation 112/1 (2004)
(documento disponibile in francese e in tedesco)
http://sia.ch/
RACCOMANDAZIONI PER L’EDILIZIA SOSTENIBILE IN SVIZZERA
CONSTRUCTION DURABLE (It: Edilizia sostenibile) -
Recommandation 112/1 (2004)
Società svizzera degli ingegneri e degli architetti (SIA)
http://sia.ch/
11 settori e 34 obiettivi per le tre dimensioni dello sviluppo sostenibile:
- dimensione sociale
- dimensione economica
- dimensione ecologica
Ognuno dei 34 obiettivi è spiegato da un testo e corredato spesso da
esempi di realizzazione e di bibliobrafia o links
CONSTRUCTION DURABLE (It: Edilizia sostenibile) - Recommandation 112/1 (2004)
Società svizzera degli ingegneri e degli architetti (SIA)
1. DIMENSIONE SOCIALE
1.1 - Vita in comune
- Favorire l’integrazione e la mescolanza sociale, culturale e interrgenerazionale
- Contatti sociali: creare luoghi d’incontro che favoriscano scambio e
comunicazione
- Solidarietà, giustizia sociale: assistere le persone sfavorite
- Partecipazione: favorire l’integrazione con la partecipazione
1.2 - Stili di architettura
- Favorire l’identità locale e l’appartenenza
- Adattamenti personali: rinforzare l’identificazione permettendo adattamenti
individuali
(continua) 1. DIMENSIONE SOCIALE
1.3 - Esercizio, mobilità
- Approvvigionamenti: ridurre le distanze, favorire una offerta molteplice e
attrattiva nel quartiere
- Mobilità dolce: garantire una disponibilità e una rete soddisfacenti
- Accessibilità per tutti: concepire strutture adatte ai disabili
1.4 - Comfort, salute
- Sicurezza: ridurre i rischi potenziali
- Luce: uso ottimale della luce naturale e illuminazione adeguata
- Qualità dell’aria interna: ridurre la concentrazione di allergeni e inquinanti
- Radiazioni: ridurre le radiazioni ionizzanti e non ionizzanti
- Protezione solare estiva
- Rumori e vibrazioni: ridurre
CONSTRUCTION DURABLE (It: Edilizia sostenibile) - Recommandation 112/1 (2004)
Società svizzera degli ingegneri e degli architetti (SIA)
2. DIMENSIONE ECONOMICA
2.1 - Sostanza dell’edificio
- Sito: garantire uno sfruttamento economico di lungo termine adatto al sito
- Sostanza costruita: ottenere valore e qualità duraturi, coerenti con il ciclo di vita
- Struttura e modificabilità: accrescere la flessibilità per rispondere a diversi bisogni di
utilizzazzione
2.2 - Spese d’investimento
- Costi e ciclo di vita: investire in funzione dei costi sull’intero ciclo di vita
- Finanziamento: scegliere un finanziamento che garantisca sul lungo termine le spese
d’investimento, di manutenzione e di decostruzione
- Costi esterni: ridurre al minimo e internalizzare i costi esterni
2.3 - Spese di gestione e manutenzione
- Gestione e manutenzione: ridurre le spese di gestione con una pianificazione
anticipatrice e con interventi continui
- Riqualificazione: ridurre le spese grazie a una qualità ottimale
CONSTRUCTION DURABLE (It: Edilizia sostenibile) - Recommandation 112/1 (2004)
Società svizzera degli ingegneri e degli architetti (SIA)
3. DIMENSIONE ECOLOGICA
3.1. Materiali di costruzione
- Disponibilità di materie prime: rinnovabili, riciclabili o largamente disponibili
- Impatti ambientali durante la fabbricazione: ridurre
- Sostanze inquinanti: ridurre
- Decostruzione: favorire materiali facilmente separabili, progettare per la
decostruzione e il recupero
3.2 Energia di esercizio
- Calore e raffredamento: ridurre il fabbisogno di energia
- Energia per l’acqua calda: ridurre il consumo energetico
- Elettricità: ridurre il consumo di elettricità
- Fabbisogno energetico d’esercizio: massimo utilizzo di energ. rinnovabili
(continua)
CONSTRUCTION DURABLE (It: Edilizia sostenibile) - Recommandation 112/1 (2004)
Società svizzera degli ingegneri e degli architetti (SIA)
(continua) 3. DIMENSIONE ECOLOGICA
3.3 Suolo e paesaggio
- Superficie: ridurre l’utilizzo di suolo
- Spazi esterni: favorire una grande biodiversità
3.4 Infrastruttura
- Mobilità: favorire una mobilità compatibile con l’ambiente
- Rifiuti: infrastruttre per la raccolta differenziata
- Acqua: ridurre il consumo di acqua potabile e le acque di scarico
CONSTRUCTION DURABLE (It: Edilizia sostenibile) - Recommandation 112/1 (2004)
Società svizzera degli ingegneri e degli architetti (SIA)
http://www.minergie.ch/it/
Maggio 2010:
- MINERGIE: 16 000 edifici certificati (17 milioni di m2)
- MINERGIE-P: 630 edifici
- MINERGIE-ECO: 70 edifici
- MINERGIE-P-ECO: 80 edifici
MINERGIE - La certificazione svizzera di case a basso impatto ambientale
Il numero di edifici certificati Minergie
cresce rapidamente.
Superficie abitabile degli edifici certificati Minergie
(m2)
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MINERGIE è un marchio di qualità destinato agli edifici nuovi e
rinnovati.
Il marchio è protetto congiuntamente dalla Confederazione, dai
Cantoni e dall'economia.
Il comfort è l'obiettivo principale: il comfort nelle abitazioni e nel posto di
lavoro per tutti gli utenti degli edifici.
Lo standard di costruzione MINERGIE è ampiamente accettato e
riconosciuto dai professionisti.
Nel ramo dell'edilizia, si è sviluppata un'offerta varia di prestazioni di
servizio e di prodotti per edifici MINERGIE.
http://www.minergie.ch/it/
Lo Standard MINERGIE definisce cinque requisiti:
• Esigenze globali riguardanti l'involucro per garantire una
costruzione sostenibile
• Valori limite MINERGIE per l'indice energetico
• Ricambio d'aria controllato tramite un sistema meccanico
• Esigenze supplementari, secondo la categoria di edificio,
riferite all'illuminazione e alla produzione di freddo e calore di
processo
• È ammesso al massimo un investimento supplementare del 10
% rispetto ad edifici convenzionali simili.
http://www.minergie.ch/it/
http://www.minergie.ch/it/
Fabbisogno per
riscaldamento: 80%
Isol. 15-20 cm Isol. 20-35 cm
Elettrodomestici A
obbligatori
2 vetri
3 vetri
Elettrodomestici A
consigliati
Fabbis. termico
max. 10 W/m2
Fabbis. termico
max.: nessuno
Consumo termico totale:
< 30 kWh/m2 a
Consumo termico totale:
< 42 kWh/m2 a
Aerazione
controllata obbligat.
Aerazione
controllata obbligat.
Fabbisogno per
riscaldamento: 20%
http://www.bankcoop.ch/it/index/finanzieren/minergie-hypothek.htm
FINANZIAMENTI A TASSI AGEVOLATI PER EDIFICI MINERGIE
http://www.eulachhof.ch/
Complesso residenziale
EULACHHOF, Winterthur (2007).
- 132 appartamenti
- 15.000 m2
- Standard: Minergie-P-ECO
- Maggiore investimento: 8%
- Emissioni di CO2: - 80%
- 1240 m2
pannelli fotovoltaici
- 1200 m2
vetrate opache termoregolanti
GlassX
- Orientamento verso sud
- Coibentazione efficiente (35 cm alle mura e ai tetti)
- Finestre a triplo vetro
- Vetrate opache termoregolanti
- Circolazione d‘aria forzata, con recupero del calore in uscita
- Pompe di calore recuperano il calore dalle acque di scarico
http://www.eulachhof.ch/ansicht.html
GlassS
Vetrate opache a cristalli di sale termoregolanti.
Accumulano calore d‘inverno, lo riflettono d‘estate
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http://www.glassx.ch/
http://www.eulachhof.ch/ansicht.html
Complesso residenziale EULACHHOF, Winterthur (2007).
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Pompe di calore
Aria di scarico Acque di scarico
Riscaldamento
nel pavimento
Teleriscaldamento (inceneritore cittadino)
Acqua calda
sanitaria
COSTI ADDIZIONALI
PER STANDARD MINERGIE (9%) E MINERGIE-P (14%)
Edificio di otto appartamenti, (Stans, Svizzera):
riscaldamento ad aria, caldaia a pellet di legno, pannelli termosolari
La nuova sede dell‘Ufficio Federale di Statistica, Neuchatel (1998)
Consumo energetico: 10% di un edificio convenzionale
La nuova sede die EAWAG e EMPA in Dübendorf (Zurigo).
Consumo energetico: 10% di un edificio convenzionale
La nuova sede di EAWAG e EMPA in Dübendorf, Zurigo (2007)
(Enti federali per le acque e per lo studio dei materiali).
Consumo energetico: 10% di un edificio convenzionale
ALCUNI NUOVI QUARTIERI A BASSO IMPATTO AMBIENTALE
- BedZED, Beddington, GB - Beddington Zero (fossil) Energy Development
http://www.bedzed.org.uk/
- Quartiere Vauban, Friburgo in Brisgau, Germania
http://www.vauban.de/
- Quartiere Kronsberg, Hannover, Germania
http://www.sibart.org/page_21.html
- Ekostaden, quartiere Augustenborg, Malmö, Svezia
http://www.ekostaden.com/information/ekostaden_tmpl_01.aspx?
pageID=105&parentID=177&sectionID=4&level=4&introID=146
- Quartiere Viikki, Helsinki, Finlandia
http://www.umanitoba.ca/academic/faculties/architecture/la/sustainable/cases/viiki/viikindx.htm
- Iniziativa per un EcoZAC (Zone d’Amenagement Concertè), Place de Rungis, Paris 13ème
http://www.ecozac-paris.org/
BedZED
Beddington, GB - Beddington Zero (fossil) Energy Development
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http://www.zedfactory.com/background/background.html
BedZED
Beddington, GB - Beddington Zero (fossil) Energy Development
http://www.zedfactory.com/background/background.html
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BedZED
Beddington, GB - Beddington Zero (fossil) Energy Development
http://www.zedfactory.com/background/background.html
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• We believe that there is no point in producing
energy efficient buildings, if transport and
foodmiles are not addressed. This is why at
ZEDfactory, working with the BioRegional
Development Group - we have tried to design
the lifestyle before the buildings. This is a
wholistic and thorough approach to
sustainable development known as Zero
(fossil) Emissions Developments or ZED
• http://www.zedfactory.com/home.html
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http://www.zedstandards.com/
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ZED STANDARDS
ALIMENTAZIONE (8)
EDIFICI (4)
MOBILITA’ (6)
BENI E SERVIZI (5)
http://www.zedstandards.com/
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http://www.zedstandards.com/
http://www.zedstandards.com/
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http://www.zedfactory.com/zedlife/zedlife.html
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You don’t have to live in a dormitory with little
sense of community
- All zeds make it easier to meet your neighbours,
whether in the Village Square, at the car pool, in the
organic cafe or playing sport. A live work
community is always a more lively community
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http://www.zedfactory.com/zedlife/zedlife.html
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Don’t worry about young children – walk to the
nursery, and pop them home for lunch
A typical family now needs two wage earners to
pay the mortgage
- The financial and social costs of full time
childcare are incalculable.
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http://www.zedfactory.com/zedlife/zedlife.html
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You dont have to eat organic veg flown in
from the other side of the world
- It’s easy to lead a greener lifestyle at
BedZED
- the average UK meal has travelled 2000
miles from farm to dinner plate
- Zeds try to restore urban - rural links,
integrating a local farm shop to supply
seasonal fresh produce
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http://www.zedfactory.com/zedlife/zedlife.html
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Don’t spend a fortune on expensive cars –
simply borrow what you need when you
need.
On the continent car pools are accepted
alternatives to private car ownership.
Higher mortgages can be arranged to people
without their own cars
Spend that hard-earned money on something
worthwhile.
One car in a pool displaces four to five
privately owned vehicles, meaning less space
need be tarmac
Zeds can run many of the pool cars off
sunlight – using solar electric panels built into
each home
CRISP
La rete telematica europea
sugli indicatori di sviluppo sostenibile in edilizia:
500 indicatori in 40 sistemi di indicatori
http://crisp.cstb.fr/
http://www.edilportale.com/edilnews/Npopup.asp?IDDOC=3643
CRISP Database : 40 sistemi di indicatori December 2003
nb Name Developer country
Nb of
indic.
1 TQ Building Assessment System (Total Quality Building
Assessment System) Austria 4
2 Sustainability indicator set for the construction sector Austria 4
3 SEA Danube corridor / SUP Donaukorridor Austria 16
4 VRIND Belgium 9
5 Green Building Challenge (GBC) Canada 77
6
Nordic set of environmental indicators for the property sector
Denmark Finland
Norway Sweden
Iceland 24
7 The European Common Indicators Set European scale 10
8 RT Environmental declaration Finland 8
9 REKOS – Eco-efficiency indicators for residential buildings Finland 5
10 EcoProP – Eco-efficiency indicators for buildings Finland 0
11 PIMWAQ Finland 18
12 PromisE Finland 2
13 LifePlan Finland 0
14 BECost Finland 0
15 18-indicator system for CGSP and choice demolition or
renovation France 18
16 Demolition or renovation in a social housing neighbourhood : a
48 pressure indicators system France 48
17 Sustainable development monitoring indicators at the city scale
for the Land Use Plan of Montauban France 15
18 INDI Model France 1
19 ISDIS Model : The Indisputable Sustainable Development
Indicators System France 0
20 French standard system XP P01-010 : environmental
characteristics of building products France 24
(continua ...)
21 Architectural quality (Success of principles of architecture) Hungary 0
22 Building Diagnostics Hungary 0
23 Colour quality Hungary 7
24 Healthy Buildings Hungary 18
25 Quality Assurance in Construction Hungary 0
26 Ecological performance of building products and structures Hungary 0
27 Urban Ecosystem Italy 16
28 Ecodec Norway 22
29 Spanish Urban sustainable indicators Spain 28
30 Hammarby Sjöstad Sweden 8
31 EcoEffect Sweden 8
32 Bo01 Sweden 13
33 Eco-Quantum The Netherlands 4
34 MRPI: Environmentally Relevant Product Information The Netherlands 4
35 Monitor Urban Renewal The Netherlands 26
36
Movement for Innovation Environmental Performance Indicators United Kingdom 3
37 BREEAM United Kingdom 0
38 ENVEST and ENVEST II United Kingdom 1
39 Green Guide to Specification; Green Guide to Housing
Specification United Kingdom 19
40 LEED USA 6
linked indicat. 466
not linked 44
total 510
(continua ...)
1
2
3
4
TQ Building Assessment System (Total Quality Building Assessment
System) - AUSTRIA
Primary energy consumption
Global warming potential (GWP)
Winter sun
Percentage of sealed soil
ALCUNI ESEMPI DI SISTEMI DI INDICATORI DI SOSTENIBILITA‘ PER L‘EDILIZIA
(CRISP Database)
GREEN BUILDING CHALLENGE, CANADA
Un esempio di sistema di indicatori segnalato nel database CRISP
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
Green Building Challenge (GBC) CANADA
Avoidance of solid waste from clearance of existing structures on
the site
Avoidance of solid waste resulting from construction process
Primary energy embodied in materials, annualized over life cycle
Net primary non-renewable energy used for building operations
over the life cycle
Net area of land used for building and related development
purposes
Change in ecological value of the site
Net consumption of potable water
Retention of an existing structure on the site
Off-site re-use or recycling of steel from existing structure on the
site
Off-site re-use of materials from existing structure on the site
Use of salvaged materials from off-site sources
Recycled content of materials from off-site sources
Use of wood products that are certified or equivalent
Embodied emissions of materials, annualized over the life-cycle
GHG (Greenhouse gases) emissions from all energy used for
building operations over the life cycle
Emission of ozone-depleting substances
Emission of gases leading to acidification from building
operations
Emissions leading to photo-oxidants from building operations
Continua (...)
ALCUNI ESEMPI DI SISTEMI DI INDICATORI DI SOSTENIBILITA‘ PER L‘EDILIZIA
(CRISP Database)
Continua (...)
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
Mineral fibre control
VOC emissions in interior spaces
Airborne pollution migration between principal workplace areas
Radon control measures
Thermal emissions to lake water or sub-surface aquifers
Reflectance of horizontal building surfaces and hard site areas
Control of moisture in the building envelope
Control of spray in wet cooling towers
Area of central facility provided for sorting and storage of solid
wastes
Area of central facility provided for storage of organic wastes
Aggregate area of facilities provided on each floor for storage of
solid wastes
Aggregate area of facilities provided on each floor for storage of
organic wastes
Storm water flows disposed of on site
Onsite Grey Water Reuse
Location of outdoor air supply for HVAC systems
Filtration performance in HVAC systems
Total outdoor air rate ventilation in mechanically conditioned
areas of Multi-unit
Ventilation performance in naturally ventilated areas of the
building with singlesided ventilation
Ventilation performance in naturally ventilated areas of the
building with cross ventilation
Continua (...)
ALCUNI ESEMPI DI SISTEMI DI INDICATORI DI SOSTENIBILITA‘ PER L‘EDILIZIA
(CRISP Database)
Continua (...)
Continua (...) 38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
Transmission of building equipment noise to primary
occupancies
Noise attenuation between occupancies
Ventilation effectiveness in occupant zone of primary
occupanciesAir temperature in primary occupancies
Noise attenuation through the building envelope
Electro-Magnetic Pollution
Ease of adapting HVAC systems to changing occupant
requirements in nonresidential
Relative humidity in primary occupancies during heating season
Relative humidity in primary occupancies during cooling season
Provision of daylighting in primary occupancies
Potential glare in primary occupancies
The deviation of ambient illumination levels in non-residential
areas from
Minimization of lighting control system zones in non-residential
occupancies
Ease of adapting lighting systems to changing occupant
requirements in nonresidential
Ease of installing or changing cabling or telecom systems in non-
residential uses
Ease of adapting interior layouts to changing occupancy
requirements
ALCUNI ESEMPI DI SISTEMI DI INDICATORI DI SOSTENIBILITA‘ PER L‘EDILIZIA
(CRISP Database)
(Fine)
Continua (...) 54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
Interference with access to daylight of adjacent property
Impact on solar energy potential of adjacent property
Protection of materials from destructive elements
Access to central technical systems for maintenance and
replacement
Access to distributed technical systems for maintenance and
replacement
Access to building elements and materials for maintenance and
replacement
Visual access to the exterior from primary occupancies
Visual privacy from the exterior in principal areas of dwelling
units
Access to direct sunlight from principal day-time living areas of
dwelling units
Site amenities for shade and relaxation and play for workers and
residents
Adverse wind conditions at grade around high buildings
Quality of parking area development
Noise from building affecting adjacent properties
Ability to maintain critical performance parameters under
abnormal conditions
Monitoring of key system performance parameters
Provision of leak detection system covering all main water and
gas supplies
Provision of measures to reduce refrigerant leakage
Suitability of layout of structure and core for major changes in
future uses
Suitability of floor height for major changes in future uses
Floor loading capacity for other uses
Adaptability to future changes in type of energy supply
Capability for partial operation of building technical systems
Capability for control over heating and cooling systems in primary
occupancies
Level of building automation appropriate to system complexity
BIBLIOGRAFIA
PRESENTAZIONE POWERPOINT
Il file del seminario sarà disponibile.
SVILUPPO SOSTENIBILE E INDICATORI DI SVILUPPO SOSTENIBILE
- UN – United Nations (1992) Agenda 21 - Programme of Action for Sustainable Development“ – WCED, World Conference on
Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro 1992 - www.un.org/esa/sustdev/documents/agenda21/
- UN – United Nations (2001) Indicators of Sustainable Development: Guidelines and Methodologies. United Nations, New York.
www.un.org/esa/sustdev/natlinfo/indicators/isd.htm
- Meadows D (1998) Indicators and Information Systems for Sustainable Development. A Report to the Balaton Group. The Sustainability
Institute, Hartland Four Corners VT 05049, USA. www.sustainabilityinstitute.org/pubs/Indicators&Information.pdf
- Montmollin A et al (2004) Sviluppo sostenibile in Svizzera – Indicatori e commenti. UST, UFAFP, ARE. UST, Neuchatel
www.monet.admin.ch
INDICATORI DI SOSTENIBILITA’ IN EDILIZIA
- CR ISP – La rete tele matica europ ea sugli indicatori di sviluppo sostenibile in edilizia - http://crisp.c stb.fr/
www.edilportale .com/ edilnews/Npopup. as p? IDDOC=3643
- SIA – Soc ietà suisse des architectes et des i ngegnieurs, Zurich: http://www.sia .ch/
EDILIZIA SOSTENIBILE
- SHE – Su stainable Hou sing in Europ e (Abitare So stenibile in Europ a) http://www.she.coop/
- PAEA – Prog et ti Alternativi pe r l’Energia e l’Ambie nte. http://paea .it
- Le ditte del se ttore - http://paea.i t/gli_op eratori.htm
- Case passi ve e PHPP (Progr am ma di Prog ettazi one pe r Ca se Passi ve) http://paea .it/case _passi ve_ph pp.htm
- Gabossi R - La casa ecologica - http://www.popo lis.it/De tta glio.as p?EP ID=31 !109 !31!0!39741 !
- So larexpo 2010 – Ve ron, 5-7.5.2 010 - http://www.solarexpo.com
- ZED F actory - Zero (fossi l) Energy Developm ent (GB): http://www.ze dfactory.co m/
- BED ZE D, Beddington , Sutto n, GB: http://www.bedze d.or g.uk/
- Gree n Building Web Ring (G B): http://www.newbu ilde r.co. uk/webring.ht ml
BIOARCHITETTURA
- Mühlethale r B, Haas S (2004) Na türlich Wohn en und Bauen – Ratgeber für öko logisches Einkaufen und Renovieren. Beobachter, Zürich
- Senosiain J (2003) Bio-Architecture. (in Inglese ). Architectural Press – Else vier, Burlingto n, MA, USA
Agenda 21 - Chapter 7 - http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/documents/agenda21/
PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE HUMAN SETTLEMENT DEVELOPMENT
(A-F; ...)
G. Promoting sustainable construction industry activities
Basis for action
7.67. The activities of the construction sector are vital to the achievement of the
national socio-economic development goals of providing shelter, infrastructure and
employment. However, they can be a major source of environmental damage
through depletion of the natural resource base, degradation of fragile eco-zones,
chemical pollution and the use of building materials harmful to human health.
Objectives
7.68. The objectives are, first, to adopt policies and technologies and to exchange
information on them in order to enable the construction sector to meet human
settlement development goals, while avoiding harmful side-effects on human health
and on the biosphere, and, second, to enhance the employment-generation capacity
of the construction sector. Governments should work in close collaboration with the
private sector in achieving these objectives.
Agenda 21 - Chapter 7 - http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/documents/agenda21/
PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE HUMAN SETTLEMENT DEVELOPMENT
(A-F; ...)
G. Promoting sustainable construction industry activities
(...)
Activities
7.69. All countries should, as appropriate and in accordance with national plans, objectives and
priorities:
(a) Establish and strengthen indigenous building materials industry, based, as much as possible, on inputs
of locally available natural resources;
(b) Formulate programmes to enhance the utilization of local materials by the construction sector by
expanding technical support and incentive schemes for increasing the capabilities and economic viability of
small-scale and informal operatives which make use of these materials and traditional construction techniques;
(c) Adopt standards and other regulatory measures which promote the increased use of energy-efficient
designs and technologies and sustainable utilization of natural resources in an economically and
environmentally appropriate way;
(d) Formulate appropriate land-use policies and introduce planning regulations specially aimed at the
protection of eco-sensitive zones against physical disruption by construction and construction-related
activities;
(e) Promote the use of labour-intensive construction and maintenance technologies which generate
employment in the construction sector for the underemployed labour force found in most large cities, while at
the same time promoting the development of skills in the construction sector;
(f) Develop policies and practices to reach the informal sector and self-help housing builders by adopting
measures to increase the affordability of building materials on the part of the urban and rural poor, through,
inter alia, credit schemes and bulk procurement of building materials for sale to small-scale builders and
communities. (continues: g-j)
Agenda 21 - Chapter 7 - http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/documents/agenda21/
PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE HUMAN SETTLEMENT DEVELOPMENT
(A-F; ...)
G. Promoting sustainable construction industry activities
(...)
Activities
(continuation)
(g) All countries, where appropriate, should develop and implement resettlement programmes that address the
specific problems of displaced populations in their respective countries;
(h) All countries should, as appropriate, document and monitor the implementation of their national shelter
strategies by using, inter alia, the monitoring guidelines adopted by the Commission on Human Settlements
and the shelter performance indicators being produced jointly by the United Nations Centre for Human
Settlements (Habitat) and the World Bank;
(i) Bilateral and multilateral cooperation should be strengthened in order to support the implementation of the
national shelter strategies of developing countries;
(j) Global progress reports covering national action and the support activities of international organizations and
bilateral donors should be produced and disseminated on a biennial basis, as requested in the Global Strategy
for Shelter to the Year 2000.

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Edilizia sostenibile dom_100521

  • 1. Domododossola - Collegio Rosmini - venerdì 21 maggio 2010 Testimonianze Corso di Perfezionamento in Economia delle Terre Alte a.a. 2009/10 Facoltà di Economia dell’Università del Piemonte Orientale “A. Avogadro” Edilizia sostenibile - Princìpi, esempi, indicatori Dr. Marco Morosini, Politecnico federale di Zurigo
  • 2. Perchè l’edilizia è molto importante per lo sviluppo sostenibile 1) Nei Paesi industriali europei gli edifici usano circa il 40% dell’energia primaria nazionale 2) Il parco di edifici si rinnova molto lentamente (ca. in 100 anni) 3) Aumenta rapidamente la superficie abitata pro capite + 0,5 m2 pro capite / anno (1980-2000: 34-44 m2 ) in Svizzera 4) Aumenta rapidamente la superficie di terreno coperta da edifici o infrastrutture + 1 m2 al secondo, in Svizzera 5) Nell’edilizia si possono ottenere i più alti risparmi energetici, con i minimi di costi
  • 3. Indice - Postulati per la sostenibilità degli edifici - Raccomandazioni per l‘edilizia sostenibile (SIA - Soc. Ingegneri e Architetti; Svizzera) - Alcune buone pratiche: - „Minergie“: lo standard svizzero di case a bassa energia - Esempi di edifici „Minergie“ - „Bed Zed“, un quartiere a bassa energia; un approccio olistico (Londra) - Indicatori: - CRISP: database europeo dei sistemi di indicatori per l‘edilizia sostenibile
  • 4. POSTULATI ETICI PER LA SOSTENBILITA’ DEGLI EDIFICI Un’edilizia sostenibile deve garantire: 1) Per gli utenti: salute, comfort, costi accessibili 2) Per gli altri: evitare di creare danni e rischi ad ambiente e popolazione locali e globali e alle future generazioni
  • 5. ALCUNI FATTORI PER LA SOSTENBILITA’ AMBIENTALE DEGLI EDIFICI - SUOLO - impiego parsimonioso del suolo (numero di m2 di suolo/abitante); edifici a molti piani - ENERGIA - riduzione del consumo di energia (commerciale) grazie a una migliore coibentazione e a una maggiore efficienza dei sistemi termici: edifici a”bassa energia”, a “zero energia” (case passive), a “energia attiva” (produttori netti di energia per terzi) - fonti energetiche rinnovabili: solare termico e fotovoltaico, pompe di calore attingenti il calore del suolo o di acque sotterranee - materiali locali, rinnovabili, riusabili, riclicabili, separabili, decostruibili
  • 6. ALCUNI FATTORI PER LA SOSTENBILITA’ AMBIENTALE DEGLI EDIFICI - MATERIALI - Materiali locali, rinnovabili (legno), riusabili, riciclabili, separabili, durevoli, non nocivi, a bassa intensità energetica - Uso parsimonioso dell’acqua potabile; uso di acqua piovana - DUREVOLEZZA - Durevolezza programmata e modulare - Adattabilità a usi differenti - Accessibilità e sostituibilità degli impianti obsoleti - Facile decostruzione e recupero dei materiali
  • 7. Società svizzera degli ingegneri e degli architetti (SIA) CONSTRUCTION DURABLE (It: Edilizia sostenibile) Recommandation 112/1 (2004) (documento disponibile in francese e in tedesco) http://sia.ch/ RACCOMANDAZIONI PER L’EDILIZIA SOSTENIBILE IN SVIZZERA
  • 8. CONSTRUCTION DURABLE (It: Edilizia sostenibile) - Recommandation 112/1 (2004) Società svizzera degli ingegneri e degli architetti (SIA) http://sia.ch/ 11 settori e 34 obiettivi per le tre dimensioni dello sviluppo sostenibile: - dimensione sociale - dimensione economica - dimensione ecologica Ognuno dei 34 obiettivi è spiegato da un testo e corredato spesso da esempi di realizzazione e di bibliobrafia o links
  • 9. CONSTRUCTION DURABLE (It: Edilizia sostenibile) - Recommandation 112/1 (2004) Società svizzera degli ingegneri e degli architetti (SIA) 1. DIMENSIONE SOCIALE 1.1 - Vita in comune - Favorire l’integrazione e la mescolanza sociale, culturale e interrgenerazionale - Contatti sociali: creare luoghi d’incontro che favoriscano scambio e comunicazione - Solidarietà, giustizia sociale: assistere le persone sfavorite - Partecipazione: favorire l’integrazione con la partecipazione 1.2 - Stili di architettura - Favorire l’identità locale e l’appartenenza - Adattamenti personali: rinforzare l’identificazione permettendo adattamenti individuali
  • 10. (continua) 1. DIMENSIONE SOCIALE 1.3 - Esercizio, mobilità - Approvvigionamenti: ridurre le distanze, favorire una offerta molteplice e attrattiva nel quartiere - Mobilità dolce: garantire una disponibilità e una rete soddisfacenti - Accessibilità per tutti: concepire strutture adatte ai disabili 1.4 - Comfort, salute - Sicurezza: ridurre i rischi potenziali - Luce: uso ottimale della luce naturale e illuminazione adeguata - Qualità dell’aria interna: ridurre la concentrazione di allergeni e inquinanti - Radiazioni: ridurre le radiazioni ionizzanti e non ionizzanti - Protezione solare estiva - Rumori e vibrazioni: ridurre CONSTRUCTION DURABLE (It: Edilizia sostenibile) - Recommandation 112/1 (2004) Società svizzera degli ingegneri e degli architetti (SIA)
  • 11. 2. DIMENSIONE ECONOMICA 2.1 - Sostanza dell’edificio - Sito: garantire uno sfruttamento economico di lungo termine adatto al sito - Sostanza costruita: ottenere valore e qualità duraturi, coerenti con il ciclo di vita - Struttura e modificabilità: accrescere la flessibilità per rispondere a diversi bisogni di utilizzazzione 2.2 - Spese d’investimento - Costi e ciclo di vita: investire in funzione dei costi sull’intero ciclo di vita - Finanziamento: scegliere un finanziamento che garantisca sul lungo termine le spese d’investimento, di manutenzione e di decostruzione - Costi esterni: ridurre al minimo e internalizzare i costi esterni 2.3 - Spese di gestione e manutenzione - Gestione e manutenzione: ridurre le spese di gestione con una pianificazione anticipatrice e con interventi continui - Riqualificazione: ridurre le spese grazie a una qualità ottimale CONSTRUCTION DURABLE (It: Edilizia sostenibile) - Recommandation 112/1 (2004) Società svizzera degli ingegneri e degli architetti (SIA)
  • 12. 3. DIMENSIONE ECOLOGICA 3.1. Materiali di costruzione - Disponibilità di materie prime: rinnovabili, riciclabili o largamente disponibili - Impatti ambientali durante la fabbricazione: ridurre - Sostanze inquinanti: ridurre - Decostruzione: favorire materiali facilmente separabili, progettare per la decostruzione e il recupero 3.2 Energia di esercizio - Calore e raffredamento: ridurre il fabbisogno di energia - Energia per l’acqua calda: ridurre il consumo energetico - Elettricità: ridurre il consumo di elettricità - Fabbisogno energetico d’esercizio: massimo utilizzo di energ. rinnovabili (continua) CONSTRUCTION DURABLE (It: Edilizia sostenibile) - Recommandation 112/1 (2004) Società svizzera degli ingegneri e degli architetti (SIA)
  • 13. (continua) 3. DIMENSIONE ECOLOGICA 3.3 Suolo e paesaggio - Superficie: ridurre l’utilizzo di suolo - Spazi esterni: favorire una grande biodiversità 3.4 Infrastruttura - Mobilità: favorire una mobilità compatibile con l’ambiente - Rifiuti: infrastruttre per la raccolta differenziata - Acqua: ridurre il consumo di acqua potabile e le acque di scarico CONSTRUCTION DURABLE (It: Edilizia sostenibile) - Recommandation 112/1 (2004) Società svizzera degli ingegneri e degli architetti (SIA)
  • 14. http://www.minergie.ch/it/ Maggio 2010: - MINERGIE: 16 000 edifici certificati (17 milioni di m2) - MINERGIE-P: 630 edifici - MINERGIE-ECO: 70 edifici - MINERGIE-P-ECO: 80 edifici MINERGIE - La certificazione svizzera di case a basso impatto ambientale
  • 15. Il numero di edifici certificati Minergie cresce rapidamente. Superficie abitabile degli edifici certificati Minergie (m2) QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.
  • 16. MINERGIE è un marchio di qualità destinato agli edifici nuovi e rinnovati. Il marchio è protetto congiuntamente dalla Confederazione, dai Cantoni e dall'economia. Il comfort è l'obiettivo principale: il comfort nelle abitazioni e nel posto di lavoro per tutti gli utenti degli edifici. Lo standard di costruzione MINERGIE è ampiamente accettato e riconosciuto dai professionisti. Nel ramo dell'edilizia, si è sviluppata un'offerta varia di prestazioni di servizio e di prodotti per edifici MINERGIE. http://www.minergie.ch/it/
  • 17. Lo Standard MINERGIE definisce cinque requisiti: • Esigenze globali riguardanti l'involucro per garantire una costruzione sostenibile • Valori limite MINERGIE per l'indice energetico • Ricambio d'aria controllato tramite un sistema meccanico • Esigenze supplementari, secondo la categoria di edificio, riferite all'illuminazione e alla produzione di freddo e calore di processo • È ammesso al massimo un investimento supplementare del 10 % rispetto ad edifici convenzionali simili. http://www.minergie.ch/it/
  • 18. http://www.minergie.ch/it/ Fabbisogno per riscaldamento: 80% Isol. 15-20 cm Isol. 20-35 cm Elettrodomestici A obbligatori 2 vetri 3 vetri Elettrodomestici A consigliati Fabbis. termico max. 10 W/m2 Fabbis. termico max.: nessuno Consumo termico totale: < 30 kWh/m2 a Consumo termico totale: < 42 kWh/m2 a Aerazione controllata obbligat. Aerazione controllata obbligat. Fabbisogno per riscaldamento: 20%
  • 20. http://www.eulachhof.ch/ Complesso residenziale EULACHHOF, Winterthur (2007). - 132 appartamenti - 15.000 m2 - Standard: Minergie-P-ECO - Maggiore investimento: 8% - Emissioni di CO2: - 80% - 1240 m2 pannelli fotovoltaici - 1200 m2 vetrate opache termoregolanti GlassX - Orientamento verso sud - Coibentazione efficiente (35 cm alle mura e ai tetti) - Finestre a triplo vetro - Vetrate opache termoregolanti - Circolazione d‘aria forzata, con recupero del calore in uscita - Pompe di calore recuperano il calore dalle acque di scarico
  • 21. http://www.eulachhof.ch/ansicht.html GlassS Vetrate opache a cristalli di sale termoregolanti. Accumulano calore d‘inverno, lo riflettono d‘estate QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. http://www.glassx.ch/
  • 22. http://www.eulachhof.ch/ansicht.html Complesso residenziale EULACHHOF, Winterthur (2007). QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Pompe di calore Aria di scarico Acque di scarico Riscaldamento nel pavimento Teleriscaldamento (inceneritore cittadino) Acqua calda sanitaria
  • 23. COSTI ADDIZIONALI PER STANDARD MINERGIE (9%) E MINERGIE-P (14%) Edificio di otto appartamenti, (Stans, Svizzera): riscaldamento ad aria, caldaia a pellet di legno, pannelli termosolari
  • 24. La nuova sede dell‘Ufficio Federale di Statistica, Neuchatel (1998) Consumo energetico: 10% di un edificio convenzionale
  • 25. La nuova sede die EAWAG e EMPA in Dübendorf (Zurigo). Consumo energetico: 10% di un edificio convenzionale
  • 26. La nuova sede di EAWAG e EMPA in Dübendorf, Zurigo (2007) (Enti federali per le acque e per lo studio dei materiali). Consumo energetico: 10% di un edificio convenzionale
  • 27. ALCUNI NUOVI QUARTIERI A BASSO IMPATTO AMBIENTALE - BedZED, Beddington, GB - Beddington Zero (fossil) Energy Development http://www.bedzed.org.uk/ - Quartiere Vauban, Friburgo in Brisgau, Germania http://www.vauban.de/ - Quartiere Kronsberg, Hannover, Germania http://www.sibart.org/page_21.html - Ekostaden, quartiere Augustenborg, Malmö, Svezia http://www.ekostaden.com/information/ekostaden_tmpl_01.aspx? pageID=105&parentID=177&sectionID=4&level=4&introID=146 - Quartiere Viikki, Helsinki, Finlandia http://www.umanitoba.ca/academic/faculties/architecture/la/sustainable/cases/viiki/viikindx.htm - Iniziativa per un EcoZAC (Zone d’Amenagement Concertè), Place de Rungis, Paris 13ème http://www.ecozac-paris.org/
  • 28. BedZED Beddington, GB - Beddington Zero (fossil) Energy Development QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. http://www.zedfactory.com/background/background.html
  • 29. BedZED Beddington, GB - Beddington Zero (fossil) Energy Development http://www.zedfactory.com/background/background.html QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.
  • 30. BedZED Beddington, GB - Beddington Zero (fossil) Energy Development http://www.zedfactory.com/background/background.html QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.
  • 31. • We believe that there is no point in producing energy efficient buildings, if transport and foodmiles are not addressed. This is why at ZEDfactory, working with the BioRegional Development Group - we have tried to design the lifestyle before the buildings. This is a wholistic and thorough approach to sustainable development known as Zero (fossil) Emissions Developments or ZED • http://www.zedfactory.com/home.html QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.
  • 32. http://www.zedstandards.com/ QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. ZED STANDARDS ALIMENTAZIONE (8) EDIFICI (4) MOBILITA’ (6) BENI E SERVIZI (5)
  • 33. http://www.zedstandards.com/ QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.
  • 36. QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture. http://www.zedfactory.com/zedlife/zedlife.html QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture. You don’t have to live in a dormitory with little sense of community - All zeds make it easier to meet your neighbours, whether in the Village Square, at the car pool, in the organic cafe or playing sport. A live work community is always a more lively community
  • 37. QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture. http://www.zedfactory.com/zedlife/zedlife.html QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture. Don’t worry about young children – walk to the nursery, and pop them home for lunch A typical family now needs two wage earners to pay the mortgage - The financial and social costs of full time childcare are incalculable.
  • 38. QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture. http://www.zedfactory.com/zedlife/zedlife.html QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture. You dont have to eat organic veg flown in from the other side of the world - It’s easy to lead a greener lifestyle at BedZED - the average UK meal has travelled 2000 miles from farm to dinner plate - Zeds try to restore urban - rural links, integrating a local farm shop to supply seasonal fresh produce
  • 39. QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture. http://www.zedfactory.com/zedlife/zedlife.html QuickTime™ and aTIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture. Don’t spend a fortune on expensive cars – simply borrow what you need when you need. On the continent car pools are accepted alternatives to private car ownership. Higher mortgages can be arranged to people without their own cars Spend that hard-earned money on something worthwhile. One car in a pool displaces four to five privately owned vehicles, meaning less space need be tarmac Zeds can run many of the pool cars off sunlight – using solar electric panels built into each home
  • 40. CRISP La rete telematica europea sugli indicatori di sviluppo sostenibile in edilizia: 500 indicatori in 40 sistemi di indicatori http://crisp.cstb.fr/ http://www.edilportale.com/edilnews/Npopup.asp?IDDOC=3643
  • 41. CRISP Database : 40 sistemi di indicatori December 2003 nb Name Developer country Nb of indic. 1 TQ Building Assessment System (Total Quality Building Assessment System) Austria 4 2 Sustainability indicator set for the construction sector Austria 4 3 SEA Danube corridor / SUP Donaukorridor Austria 16 4 VRIND Belgium 9 5 Green Building Challenge (GBC) Canada 77 6 Nordic set of environmental indicators for the property sector Denmark Finland Norway Sweden Iceland 24 7 The European Common Indicators Set European scale 10 8 RT Environmental declaration Finland 8 9 REKOS – Eco-efficiency indicators for residential buildings Finland 5 10 EcoProP – Eco-efficiency indicators for buildings Finland 0 11 PIMWAQ Finland 18 12 PromisE Finland 2 13 LifePlan Finland 0 14 BECost Finland 0 15 18-indicator system for CGSP and choice demolition or renovation France 18 16 Demolition or renovation in a social housing neighbourhood : a 48 pressure indicators system France 48 17 Sustainable development monitoring indicators at the city scale for the Land Use Plan of Montauban France 15 18 INDI Model France 1 19 ISDIS Model : The Indisputable Sustainable Development Indicators System France 0 20 French standard system XP P01-010 : environmental characteristics of building products France 24 (continua ...)
  • 42. 21 Architectural quality (Success of principles of architecture) Hungary 0 22 Building Diagnostics Hungary 0 23 Colour quality Hungary 7 24 Healthy Buildings Hungary 18 25 Quality Assurance in Construction Hungary 0 26 Ecological performance of building products and structures Hungary 0 27 Urban Ecosystem Italy 16 28 Ecodec Norway 22 29 Spanish Urban sustainable indicators Spain 28 30 Hammarby Sjöstad Sweden 8 31 EcoEffect Sweden 8 32 Bo01 Sweden 13 33 Eco-Quantum The Netherlands 4 34 MRPI: Environmentally Relevant Product Information The Netherlands 4 35 Monitor Urban Renewal The Netherlands 26 36 Movement for Innovation Environmental Performance Indicators United Kingdom 3 37 BREEAM United Kingdom 0 38 ENVEST and ENVEST II United Kingdom 1 39 Green Guide to Specification; Green Guide to Housing Specification United Kingdom 19 40 LEED USA 6 linked indicat. 466 not linked 44 total 510 (continua ...)
  • 43. 1 2 3 4 TQ Building Assessment System (Total Quality Building Assessment System) - AUSTRIA Primary energy consumption Global warming potential (GWP) Winter sun Percentage of sealed soil ALCUNI ESEMPI DI SISTEMI DI INDICATORI DI SOSTENIBILITA‘ PER L‘EDILIZIA (CRISP Database)
  • 44. GREEN BUILDING CHALLENGE, CANADA Un esempio di sistema di indicatori segnalato nel database CRISP 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Green Building Challenge (GBC) CANADA Avoidance of solid waste from clearance of existing structures on the site Avoidance of solid waste resulting from construction process Primary energy embodied in materials, annualized over life cycle Net primary non-renewable energy used for building operations over the life cycle Net area of land used for building and related development purposes Change in ecological value of the site Net consumption of potable water Retention of an existing structure on the site Off-site re-use or recycling of steel from existing structure on the site Off-site re-use of materials from existing structure on the site Use of salvaged materials from off-site sources Recycled content of materials from off-site sources Use of wood products that are certified or equivalent Embodied emissions of materials, annualized over the life-cycle GHG (Greenhouse gases) emissions from all energy used for building operations over the life cycle Emission of ozone-depleting substances Emission of gases leading to acidification from building operations Emissions leading to photo-oxidants from building operations Continua (...)
  • 45. ALCUNI ESEMPI DI SISTEMI DI INDICATORI DI SOSTENIBILITA‘ PER L‘EDILIZIA (CRISP Database) Continua (...) 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Mineral fibre control VOC emissions in interior spaces Airborne pollution migration between principal workplace areas Radon control measures Thermal emissions to lake water or sub-surface aquifers Reflectance of horizontal building surfaces and hard site areas Control of moisture in the building envelope Control of spray in wet cooling towers Area of central facility provided for sorting and storage of solid wastes Area of central facility provided for storage of organic wastes Aggregate area of facilities provided on each floor for storage of solid wastes Aggregate area of facilities provided on each floor for storage of organic wastes Storm water flows disposed of on site Onsite Grey Water Reuse Location of outdoor air supply for HVAC systems Filtration performance in HVAC systems Total outdoor air rate ventilation in mechanically conditioned areas of Multi-unit Ventilation performance in naturally ventilated areas of the building with singlesided ventilation Ventilation performance in naturally ventilated areas of the building with cross ventilation Continua (...)
  • 46. ALCUNI ESEMPI DI SISTEMI DI INDICATORI DI SOSTENIBILITA‘ PER L‘EDILIZIA (CRISP Database) Continua (...) Continua (...) 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 Transmission of building equipment noise to primary occupancies Noise attenuation between occupancies Ventilation effectiveness in occupant zone of primary occupanciesAir temperature in primary occupancies Noise attenuation through the building envelope Electro-Magnetic Pollution Ease of adapting HVAC systems to changing occupant requirements in nonresidential Relative humidity in primary occupancies during heating season Relative humidity in primary occupancies during cooling season Provision of daylighting in primary occupancies Potential glare in primary occupancies The deviation of ambient illumination levels in non-residential areas from Minimization of lighting control system zones in non-residential occupancies Ease of adapting lighting systems to changing occupant requirements in nonresidential Ease of installing or changing cabling or telecom systems in non- residential uses Ease of adapting interior layouts to changing occupancy requirements
  • 47. ALCUNI ESEMPI DI SISTEMI DI INDICATORI DI SOSTENIBILITA‘ PER L‘EDILIZIA (CRISP Database) (Fine) Continua (...) 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 Interference with access to daylight of adjacent property Impact on solar energy potential of adjacent property Protection of materials from destructive elements Access to central technical systems for maintenance and replacement Access to distributed technical systems for maintenance and replacement Access to building elements and materials for maintenance and replacement Visual access to the exterior from primary occupancies Visual privacy from the exterior in principal areas of dwelling units Access to direct sunlight from principal day-time living areas of dwelling units Site amenities for shade and relaxation and play for workers and residents Adverse wind conditions at grade around high buildings Quality of parking area development Noise from building affecting adjacent properties Ability to maintain critical performance parameters under abnormal conditions Monitoring of key system performance parameters Provision of leak detection system covering all main water and gas supplies Provision of measures to reduce refrigerant leakage Suitability of layout of structure and core for major changes in future uses Suitability of floor height for major changes in future uses Floor loading capacity for other uses Adaptability to future changes in type of energy supply Capability for partial operation of building technical systems Capability for control over heating and cooling systems in primary occupancies Level of building automation appropriate to system complexity
  • 48. BIBLIOGRAFIA PRESENTAZIONE POWERPOINT Il file del seminario sarà disponibile. SVILUPPO SOSTENIBILE E INDICATORI DI SVILUPPO SOSTENIBILE - UN – United Nations (1992) Agenda 21 - Programme of Action for Sustainable Development“ – WCED, World Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro 1992 - www.un.org/esa/sustdev/documents/agenda21/ - UN – United Nations (2001) Indicators of Sustainable Development: Guidelines and Methodologies. United Nations, New York. www.un.org/esa/sustdev/natlinfo/indicators/isd.htm - Meadows D (1998) Indicators and Information Systems for Sustainable Development. A Report to the Balaton Group. The Sustainability Institute, Hartland Four Corners VT 05049, USA. www.sustainabilityinstitute.org/pubs/Indicators&Information.pdf - Montmollin A et al (2004) Sviluppo sostenibile in Svizzera – Indicatori e commenti. UST, UFAFP, ARE. UST, Neuchatel www.monet.admin.ch INDICATORI DI SOSTENIBILITA’ IN EDILIZIA - CR ISP – La rete tele matica europ ea sugli indicatori di sviluppo sostenibile in edilizia - http://crisp.c stb.fr/ www.edilportale .com/ edilnews/Npopup. as p? IDDOC=3643 - SIA – Soc ietà suisse des architectes et des i ngegnieurs, Zurich: http://www.sia .ch/ EDILIZIA SOSTENIBILE - SHE – Su stainable Hou sing in Europ e (Abitare So stenibile in Europ a) http://www.she.coop/ - PAEA – Prog et ti Alternativi pe r l’Energia e l’Ambie nte. http://paea .it - Le ditte del se ttore - http://paea.i t/gli_op eratori.htm - Case passi ve e PHPP (Progr am ma di Prog ettazi one pe r Ca se Passi ve) http://paea .it/case _passi ve_ph pp.htm - Gabossi R - La casa ecologica - http://www.popo lis.it/De tta glio.as p?EP ID=31 !109 !31!0!39741 ! - So larexpo 2010 – Ve ron, 5-7.5.2 010 - http://www.solarexpo.com - ZED F actory - Zero (fossi l) Energy Developm ent (GB): http://www.ze dfactory.co m/ - BED ZE D, Beddington , Sutto n, GB: http://www.bedze d.or g.uk/ - Gree n Building Web Ring (G B): http://www.newbu ilde r.co. uk/webring.ht ml BIOARCHITETTURA - Mühlethale r B, Haas S (2004) Na türlich Wohn en und Bauen – Ratgeber für öko logisches Einkaufen und Renovieren. Beobachter, Zürich - Senosiain J (2003) Bio-Architecture. (in Inglese ). Architectural Press – Else vier, Burlingto n, MA, USA
  • 49. Agenda 21 - Chapter 7 - http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/documents/agenda21/ PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE HUMAN SETTLEMENT DEVELOPMENT (A-F; ...) G. Promoting sustainable construction industry activities Basis for action 7.67. The activities of the construction sector are vital to the achievement of the national socio-economic development goals of providing shelter, infrastructure and employment. However, they can be a major source of environmental damage through depletion of the natural resource base, degradation of fragile eco-zones, chemical pollution and the use of building materials harmful to human health. Objectives 7.68. The objectives are, first, to adopt policies and technologies and to exchange information on them in order to enable the construction sector to meet human settlement development goals, while avoiding harmful side-effects on human health and on the biosphere, and, second, to enhance the employment-generation capacity of the construction sector. Governments should work in close collaboration with the private sector in achieving these objectives.
  • 50. Agenda 21 - Chapter 7 - http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/documents/agenda21/ PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE HUMAN SETTLEMENT DEVELOPMENT (A-F; ...) G. Promoting sustainable construction industry activities (...) Activities 7.69. All countries should, as appropriate and in accordance with national plans, objectives and priorities: (a) Establish and strengthen indigenous building materials industry, based, as much as possible, on inputs of locally available natural resources; (b) Formulate programmes to enhance the utilization of local materials by the construction sector by expanding technical support and incentive schemes for increasing the capabilities and economic viability of small-scale and informal operatives which make use of these materials and traditional construction techniques; (c) Adopt standards and other regulatory measures which promote the increased use of energy-efficient designs and technologies and sustainable utilization of natural resources in an economically and environmentally appropriate way; (d) Formulate appropriate land-use policies and introduce planning regulations specially aimed at the protection of eco-sensitive zones against physical disruption by construction and construction-related activities; (e) Promote the use of labour-intensive construction and maintenance technologies which generate employment in the construction sector for the underemployed labour force found in most large cities, while at the same time promoting the development of skills in the construction sector; (f) Develop policies and practices to reach the informal sector and self-help housing builders by adopting measures to increase the affordability of building materials on the part of the urban and rural poor, through, inter alia, credit schemes and bulk procurement of building materials for sale to small-scale builders and communities. (continues: g-j)
  • 51. Agenda 21 - Chapter 7 - http://www.un.org/esa/sustdev/documents/agenda21/ PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE HUMAN SETTLEMENT DEVELOPMENT (A-F; ...) G. Promoting sustainable construction industry activities (...) Activities (continuation) (g) All countries, where appropriate, should develop and implement resettlement programmes that address the specific problems of displaced populations in their respective countries; (h) All countries should, as appropriate, document and monitor the implementation of their national shelter strategies by using, inter alia, the monitoring guidelines adopted by the Commission on Human Settlements and the shelter performance indicators being produced jointly by the United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat) and the World Bank; (i) Bilateral and multilateral cooperation should be strengthened in order to support the implementation of the national shelter strategies of developing countries; (j) Global progress reports covering national action and the support activities of international organizations and bilateral donors should be produced and disseminated on a biennial basis, as requested in the Global Strategy for Shelter to the Year 2000.

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. Indicatori di sviluppo sostenibile come un “cruscotto di guida” Definizione di indicatore Indicatori come tramite tra scienze e politica Studio per un sistema regionale di indicatori di sviluppo sostenibile per il Baden-Wuerttemeberg Indicatori ambientali e indicatori di sviluppo sostenibile Tre quadri di riferimento per la costruzione di un sistema di indicatori di sviluppo sostenibile Riferimenti etici e politici (Rapporto Brudtland, 198; Agenda 21, 1992) Riferimenti fattuali: scienze ambientali, sociali, economiche Riferimenti metodologici (tipologia e sistematica, indicatori ambientali OCSE) Esempi di sistemi di indicatori di sviluppo sostenibile ONU e EUROSTAT - Sistema di indicatori di sviluppo sostenibile La bussola della sostenibilità (Alan AtKisson) Barometro della sostenibilità / L’uovo della sostenibilità (IUCN) MONET - Il sistema di indicatori di sviluppo sostenible della Svizzera HGF (Germania) - Concetto e sistema di indicatori per uno svilupp globalmente capace di futuro
  2. Copertina Geo 2000 Schiarire Copertina Economist Impronta ecologica Davidson (cita e scarica) ADA aggiungi qualche indicatore Es. di postulati etici e conseguenze (v. tesi di ....) (OECD, sostituire 1998 con 2001)