7. Humans
Origin of solar
system and Earth
1 4
0
2 3
Present
Anim
als
Coloniz
of land
ation
Multi
eukar
cellular
yotes
Sing
eukar
cel
yotes
le-
led
Atmo
oxy
spheric gen
Bil
arsons of
ago
ye
li
karyotes
Pro Figure 15.2
31. MODES OF NUTRITION
Light Chemical
ChemoautotrophsPhotoautotrophs
Photoheterotrophs Chemoheterotrophs
Energy source
Elodea, an aquatic plant
Rhodopseudomonas Little Owl (Athene noctua)
Bacteria from a hot spring
Organiccompounds
Carbonsource
CO2
ColorizedTEM
ColorizedTEM
Figure 15.12
75. (a) A dinoflagellate, with its wall
of protective plates
(c) Chlamydomonas, a unicellular
green alga with a pair of flagella
(b) A sample of diverse diatoms,
which have glossy walls
(d) Volvox, a colonial green alga
ColorizedSEMSEM
LMLM
Figure 15.24
84. Major episode Millions of years ago
All major animal phyla established
Plants and fungi colonize land
Origin of Earth
First multicellular organisms
Oldest eukaryotic fossils
Accumulation of O2 in atmosphere
Oldest prokaryotic fossils
500
530
1,200
1,800
2,400
3,500
4,600
Figure 15.UN03
85. Inorganic compounds
Abiotic synthesis
of organic monomers
Abiotic synthesis
of polymers
Formation
of pre-cells
Self-replicating
molecules
Membrane-enclosed compartment
Complementary
chain
Polymer
Organic monomers
Figure 15.UN04