1. Unit 1 – The Study of Geography

2. • What is Geography?

3. • Geography (vocab.) – The study of Earth’s physical features,
environments, people and places.

5. Class Motto:
Knowledge is Power!

6. K.I.P.
Harvard
Boston Univ.
Self-educated
Self-educated
Boston
Univ.
Self-educated
Princeton
Univ.
Tennessee State Univ.

7. • World Geography Class Goals (objectives)

8. 1. Appreciate what you have!!!
Clothing
Shelter
Food
Family

9. New Delhi - India
Costa Rica

10. 2. Build self-esteem (ex. ancestors, culture,
history, etc).
Frida Kahlo

11. 3. Have acceptance and empathy for others.
Strive for acceptance.

14. 4. Think critically about the world,
your surroundings and issues.
Syria
Somalia
North Korea
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rmx4twCK3_I

15. 5. Understand how you are connected to the rest of the
world.

16. 6. Prepare yourself for college!!!!

17. 17
Where do
you live?

18. • Continent What continent are you from?

19. • Country
What country are you from?

20. • Region (vocab.) What region are you from?

21. • States What state are you from?
Canada/Spain/Argentina/South Africa – provinces
Guatemala/Columbia/Cameroon – departments
Japan/Greece – prefectures
Italy/France – regions
U.K. – counties
USA/Mexico/Brazil/Germany/Australia - states

22. • County
What county are you from?

23. • Cities
What city are you from?

24. TextRegionsRegions

25. Some Characteristics of Natural
Landscapes (aka-regions)
• Ethnicity
• Physical features/natural boundaries
• Religion
• Economics
Ex. The South: Hot,
Southern Drawl,
Christianity, Cotton Plantations

26. • Major Regions
- The Middle East
Western
Hemisphere Eastern
Hemisphere
What makes this a region?

27. - Central America
Western
Hemisphere

28. What makes this a region?

29. • Region in a city
East Bench (Wasatch Hollows) - SLC
Sugarhouse -
SLC

30. With a Partner
• What are regional characteristics of Utah and
Cottonwood Heights/Sandy? List these
elements.
• Name another region you are familiar with
and explain what factors make it a region.

31. What’s On Earth?

32. • Seven Continents
- North America
- South America
- Europe
- Africa
- Asia
- Australia
- Antarctica

33. Europe
Asia

34. What are some major landforms on earth?

35. • Oceans
- Atlantic Text
- Pacific
- Indian
- Arctic
- Southern
Pacific Ocean
Indian Ocean
What ocean is the largest?

37. • Major Mountain Ranges
- Andes (S. America)
- Himalayas (Asia)
- Rockies (N. America) Andes Mts. – Cuernos Del Paine

38. Andes
HimalayasRockies

39. • Notable Mountain
- Mount Everest 29,029 ft. (tallest mountain in the world)
Mt. Everest,
Himalayas
Nepal/Tibet (China)

40. Andes
Himalayas

41. Mt. Everest

42. • Major Rivers
- Amazon (S. America)
- Nile (Africa)
Nile River, Africa

43. Amazon
River

44. • Other notable water
features:
- Caribbean Sea
- Mediterranean Sea
Caribbean Sea

47. • Major Desert
- Sahara
Mediterranean SeaAtlantic Ocean

48. 48
What Tools Help Us Understand Our
Location in Relation to Other Locations?

49. • The Study of Maps!
Is there bias,
prejudice or
self
absorption
here?

50. • Cartography – the art of map making

51. • Map (vocab.) – a representation of an area.
slc

52. • Types of Maps
1. Political (vocab.) - names and boundaries of countries,
cities, etc.

53. 2. Physical (vocab.) - show physical features.

54. - Relief Map – shows the elevations of a land surface.
(type of physical map)

56. Topographic Relief Map of
Kings Peak - Utah

57. 57
3. Reference Maps
• Shows location of places and geographic
features
• Absolute location
Ex. Roadmap

58. 58
4. Thematic Maps
• Tells the story of the degree of an
attribute, the pattern of its distribution or
its movement.
Relative Location

59. • Map Projections – Representing Earth on a
flat sheet of paper.
1. Mercator, Robinson, Winkel and Goode
Mercator
Robinson
Winkel Goode
It is impossible to accurately portray a round
object on a flat piece of paper.
sstrength-minor distortion; weakness-flat poles
Strength-shows true
directions and shapes
Weakness-distorts size
and distance
Used most
Little distortion, most balanced
Shows true size & shape but
distance is distorted

60. 6060

61. 6161

62. • Map Elements
1. Key/legend (vocab.)
a. Explains lines, symbols and colors
2. Scale bar (vocab.)
a. Shows distance-ratio of actual ground distance to that shown on map

63. 3. Compass Rose – circle that shows
directions on a map.

64. - Cardinal Directions (vocab.) – north, south,
east and west. (write)
outside?

65. • The sun rises in the east . . .
Wasatch Mountains east of
Sandy.

66. . . . and sets in the west.
Downtown SLC

67. Sunrise on the Indian Ocean . . .
are you looking east or west?
Sunset on the Sahara Desert . . . are you looking
east or west?
You are looking west . . . sunrise or
sunset?
You are looking east . . . sunrise
or sunset?

68. • On a map, North is up and South is down
(generally).
Ogden is up and Provo is down.

69. Idaho is up and Arizona is down.

70. Where is BHS located
and what are the
cardinal directions?

71. • Atlas (vocab.) – a collection of maps in a book.

72. Greek Mythology: Atlas
was a Titan and when the
Titans and the Olympians
went to war, the
Olympians won. His
punishment was to hold
up the heavens for
eternity. So he really
doesn’t hold up earth.

73. • Globe (vocab.) – a spherical representation of Earth.

74. Direct Route
Which route is longer/shorter?

75. • Great Circle Route - Imaginary line that
follows the curve of earth.
- Who uses it and why?

76. The Great Circle Route looks longer, however, it is actually a shorter route.
Airline pilots
Benefits – reduce travel time and saves
fuel.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=1XBwjQsOEeg&feature=related

77. • Mental Mapping (vocab.) – A map in your head..

78. TextIsIs there bias here?

82. -Geographic Information Systems
aka-GIS
• First, data is gathered from MAPS,
SATELLITE IMAGES, PRINTED TEXT
and STATISTICS
• Next, GIS converts data into digital code
and arranges it in data base.
• Last, Cartographers program the GIS to
process the data and produce maps.
p. 15 in text

83. 83

84. • Earth
BTW
- Earth is moving at 67,000 mph
around the sun (Nicolaus
Copernicus 1473 - 1543 AD).
- Earth is spinning (rotating) 1,037
mph at the equator & 0 mph at the
poles.
- Thank you gravity!!!! (natural force
that pulls everything down to the
ground) and Sir Isaac Newton
1642 – 1727 AD.

85. A sphere is a round geometrical
object in 3-dimentional space.
Please write down
When was Earth discovered
to be round (sphere)?

89. • The ancient Greeks knew that Earth was round
(sphere) about 2,000 years before Columbus.
- Aristotle 384 - 322 BC
Parthenon in Athens, Greece
- Pythagoras c. 570 - c. 495 BC
Pythagoras – “All celestial bodies are spherical”
Aristotle – “Only a sphere can cast a shadow in
every direction.” (referencing an eclipse)

90. • Father of Geography
- Eratosthenes (Greek c. 276 – c. 195 BC)

91. Eratosthenes was the first person to calculate (with incredible accuracy) the circumference of earth,
at 25,000 miles, by measuring angles of shadows. Actually, earth is 24,901 miles at the equator &
24,859 through the poles (centrifugal force).
Eratosthenes
was only off by
99 miles
(equator).
obelisk
Alexandria and
Syene are both in
Egypt.

92. Eratosthenes wannabe

93. A Greek named Posidonius,
who lived 100 years after
Eratosthenes, measured earth
at 18,000 miles. Columbus, in
1492 AD, used Posidonius
instead of Eratosthenes
measurement (Columbus did
know that Earth was round
before his famous voyage). As
a result, he thought that he
would get to “India” much
faster than he did.

94. • Location
1. Absolute Location - exact location of a
place on Earth (address).
a. Latitude and Longitude (vocab.) - Imaginary lines marking
positions on earth.
Eratosthenes was, also,
the first to use the word
“geography” and he
invented the concept of
latitude and longitude. At
an old age, Eratosthenes
became blind and he died
of self-induced starvation.
Eratosthenes
some dude
dog?

95. The ancient Babylonians,
actually, assigned numbers
to a circle. Ptolemy,
however, incorporated
them into the longitude and
latitude coordinates.

96. Ptolemy (Greek &
Roman citizen who
lived in Egypt c. 90 AD
– c. 168 AD) – he
assigned coordinates
to all of the places and
geographic features he
knew . . . in a grid.

97. 1. Latitude (flatitude)
a. Equator - 0 degrees latitude.
b. Tropic of Cancer (North) and
Capricorn (South) - 23.5 degrees

98. The Seasons:
Revolution of Earth
around the Sun and the
tilt of Earth’s axis
(revolution and rotation).
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=NydSuHoQZqk&feature=related&safety_mode=tru
e&persist_safety_mode=1&safe=active
Eratosthenes
was,also, the first to
accurately calculate
the tilt of Earth’s axis
at 23.5 degrees.
Where is the
Arctic Circle?

99. c. Arctic (North) and Antarctic Circles
(South) - 66.5 degrees

100. Equator 0
Tropic of Capricorn 23.5 S
Tropic of Cancer 23.5 N
Arctic Circle 66.5 N
Antarctic Circle 66.5 S
Hemispheres?
How to remember:
Latitude = Flatitude

101. 2. Longitude
1. Prime Meridian - 0 degrees longitude.
a. Old Royal Observatory in
Greenwich, England (U.K.)

103. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-0c1idtn3e8&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cKT16DjHo_8&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YGdw2743vKc&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_JtnNQ6NQhc&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
All the lines of longitude meet at the north and south poles.

105. • Grid System – straight lines that intersect.

106. • Hemisphere (vocab.) - “half sphere”
1. Northern and Southern
2. Eastern - “Old World” & Western - “New
World”

108. NW NE
SW SE
Earths
quadrants
P
ri
m
e
M
e
ri
d
i
a
n
Equator
0 degrees
0 degrees

109. NW
SW
NE
SE

110. • Latitude – N & S
• Longitude – E & W

111. 2. Relative Location
a. Where a place is located in relation to
other places.
1. Example: NYC is east of Chicago,
Illinois.

112. • Time on Earth
1. Standard Time (since 1884)
a. Based on the Prime Meridian.
1. Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)

113. • Time Zone (vocab.) – one of the 24 regions or divisions of Earth’s surface
used to determine local time in a given locality. Why do we have them?

114. • Because the sun’s rays are hitting Earth at
different times and in different places.
How many time
zones are there
worldwide?

115. 1. 24 time zones worldwide
a. One time zone = about 15 degrees
longitude.
1. U.S. Time Zones
a. East to west - Eastern, Central,
Mountain, Pacific, Alaska and Hawaii
China – one time zone
Russia – eleven time zones

116. The difference between each line of longitude is15 degrees. There are 24
increments of 15 degrees of longitude. How many hours in a day?

117. http://24timezones.com/
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kDWHM00sZJc&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1

120. Hoover Dam

122. Lake Mead
Lake Mead is right on the border between Arizona and Nevada. The two states are in
different time zones (at least for part of the year).

123. • East (add time) -- West (subtract time)

124. • Daylight Savings Time
- “Spring Forward” and “Fall Back”
- There are two states with no daylight savings . . . What are they?
- November 3rd
2013
- March 9th
2014

125. - States with no daylight savings
- Hawaii and Arizona
Hawaii
Arizona

126. • International Dateline
1. Marks the place where each day officially begins.
2. The west side of the line is always one day ahead
of the east side.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=Ra4nHwdTQ4Y&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=qlmpIuaOBNY&NR=1&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mo
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=1jbZoTlnmEA&feature=related&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_
Add Subtract