Communicating Effectively WorksheetCOMM310 Version 21Univ.docx

Communicating Effectively Worksheet
COMM/310 Version 2
1
University of Phoenix Material
Communicating Effectively Worksheet
Answer the following questions, using information from this
week’s readings. Respond to each question in 100 to 200 words.
1. Briefly explain the seven elements of the speech
communication process. How do these elements determine a
speech’s success or failure?
2. What is the difference between hearing and listening? What
are some techniques you could employ to improve your
listening skills?
3. Compare the four methods of delivering oral presentations.
What are the benefits and drawbacks of each?
4. What are some ways to use your voice and body effectively
when giving an oral presentation? In which areas do you need to
improve?

Writing Assignment #2: Cause-Effect Analysis
Writing assignment #2 will be an essay in which you analyze
either causes or effects. You have six choices for this essay.
For all six choices, you are required to integrate two sources
into your essay to support your argument.
1. Analyze the impact a particular technological development on
nutrition or eating habits.
For this topic, you might want to use the article by Michael
Pollan, “The Cooking Animal,” in chapter 27 of The Bedford
Guide for College Writers as one of your sources.
You might analyze any one of the following. These are just
examples. Many approaches are possible for this topic.
a) The impact of factory farming or industrial farms on nutrition
b) The impact of food processing technology on cooking habits
or eating habits
c) The impact of the “buy local” movement
d) Trends in cooking habits over several decades and their

impact on society
You must use at least two sources to support your points in this
essay. You will cite your sources in APA style, using both in-
text citations and a “Works Cited” page at the end of the essay.
If you choose this topic, you may write on the same topic for
writing assignment #3, the research-supported essay. If you
write on this topic for both writing assignment #2 and writing
assignment #3, you will be expanding on your argument and
finding more sources for the essay for writing assignment #3.
2. Analyze the impact of a particular trend in technology on
education.
For this topic, you might want to use one of the articles in
chapter 28 of The Bedford Guide for College Writers as one of
your sources.
a) The impact of online courses on education. You might focus
on a particular field of study for this choice.
b) The impact of digital media on online courses.
c) The impact of the computer on writing courses or courses in
other disciplines
d) The impact of certain forms of technology on reading skills
or reading habits
e) Whether video games should be introduced into schools and
used to help educate students

3. Analyze or assess the impact of a television and/or video
technology on children’s attention spans.
For this topic, you might want to use one of the articles in
chapter 28 of The Bedford Guide for College Writers as one of
your sources.
4. Analyze the impact of the Internet on journalism.
a. For this topic, you might want to use one of the articles in the
“reserved readings” section of the class as one of your sources.
b. You might analyze one or more of the following. These are
just examples. Many approaches are possible for this topic.
c. The impact of the Internet on a particular aspect of the
newspaper industry
d. The impact of the Internet on multimedia news delivery

e. The impact of the Internet on how the public understands
news events.
You must use atleast two sources to support your points in this
5. Analyze the impact of the Internet on political campaigns and
elections.
a. For this topic, you might want to use one of the articles in the
“reserved readings” section of the class as one of your sources.
b. You might analyze any one or more of the following. These
are just examples. Many approaches are possible for this topic.
c. The impact of the Internet on fundraising in campaigns
d. The impact of the Internet on speeches or debates in
campaigns
e. The impact of the Internet on a politician when he or she
makes a blunder in a speech or does something embarrassing in
public.
f. The impact of the Internet on the personal life of a politician

6. Analyze the impact of technology on a field of study of your
choice.
This option represents a more general approach to the essay.
Some examples might be the following. These are just
a. The impact of mobile devices on cybersecurity
b. The impact of the Internet on the field of advertising
c. The impact of cloud computing on a particular business field
d. The impact of the Internet in an area of communication
studies
e. The impact of the Internet on global marketing strategies
f. The impact of a particular type of technology on health care
2. Approach
The following video tutorial provides general instruction on
writing a cause-effect essay:
http://polaris.umuc.edu/ewc/tutorials/cause_effect/

Your essay should have the following:
· anintroductory paragraph with a thesis statement.
The Bedford Guide for College Writers offers advice on writing
an introduction on pages 428-433. In addition, it provides tips
on writing a thesis statement in chapter 20, pages 400-421.
In addition, the following video tutorial gives instruction on
writing an effective introduction to an essay:
http://polaris.umuc.edu/ewc/tutorials/introductions/
· body paragraphs that offer evidence to support your thesis and
synthesizes your source material
The Bedford Guide for College Writers offers advice on cause-
effect analysis on pages 457-458. In addition, it provides
advice on giving examples on pages 439-441 and on providing
details on pages 41-443.
Moreover, it provides advice on writing body paragraphs on
pages 423-427.
writing effective body paragraphs for an essay. Keep in mind
that this tutorial is not specific to the cause-effect essay:
http://polaris.umuc.edu/ewc/tutorials/paragraphs/
You might find the following tutorial helpful for using effective
transitions from one thought to the next in your essay. Keep in
mind that this tutorial is not specific to the cause-effect essay:
http://polaris.umuc.edu/ewc/tutorials/transitions/
· a solid conclusion that reminds readers of your main idea (or
thesis) without simply repeating it
The Bedford Guide for College Writers offers advice on writing
a conclusion on pages 430-433.

writing an effective conclusion to an essay:
http://polaris.umuc.edu/ewc/tutorials/conclusions/
· A Works Cited page that lists the two sources you used for the
essay
Length: 800-1000 words
Some strategies to consider when writing this essay:
For this essay, you will analyze either the causes of a
phenomenon or the effects of a phenomenon. Please choose one
of these two strategies for your essay.
Students sometimes try to analyze both causes and effects.
Please do not take this approach.
The length and breadth of this essay is not sufficient to allow
you to analyze both causes and effects in a thorough fashion.
For example, if you write about the gasoline prices, you would
analyze the causes (e.g., what factors cause gasoline prices to
rise) or the effects (e.g., what happens when gasoline prices
rise).
In addition, this is not a persuasive essay. Your opinion or
response, if it comes out in your essay, should not be the focus
of the essay. The causes or effects should be the focus of the
essay.
Due Date:
You instructor will give you a due date for the first draft of the
essay. You will receive comments on the first draft and be
asked to write a second draft based on the feedback you receive
in the comments.

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The Art of
Public Speaking
TENTH EDITION

STEPHEN E. LUCAS
University of Wisconsin—Madison
Boston Burr Ridge, IL Dubuque, IA Madison, WI New
York San Francisco St. Louis
Bangkok Bogotá Caracas Kuala Lumpur Lisbon
London Madrid Mexico City
Milan Montreal New Delhi Santiago Seoul Singapore
Sydney Taipei Toronto
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/Volumes/201/MHSF002/mhLuc10%0/Luc10chfm
joka joka joka joka joka joka

Published by McGraw-Hill, an imprint of The McGraw-Hill
Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue
of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright © 2009. All
rights reserved. No part of this
publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by
any means, or stored in a
database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent
of The McGraw-Hill Companies,
Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other
electronic storage or transmission,
or broadcast for distance learning.
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 QPD / QPD 0 9 8
ISBN: 978-0-07-338515-0 (Student Edition)
MHID: 0-07-338515-8
ISBN: 978-0-07-726223-5 (Instructor’s Edition)

MHID: 0-07-726223-9
Vice President and Editor in Chief: Michael Ryan
Publisher: Frank Mortimer
Executive Editor: Katie Stevens
Executive Marketing Manager: Leslie Oberhuber
Director of Development: Rhona Robbin
Editorial Assistant: Erika Lake
Production Editor: Brett Coker
Manuscript Editor: Margaret Moore
Design Manager: Laurie Entringer
Interior Designer: Maureen McCutcheon
Photo Editor: Natalia Peschiera
Photo Researcher: Barbara Salz
Production Supervisor: Richard DeVitto
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Supplements Producer: Louis Swaim
Composition: 9.5/12 ITC Stone Serif Medium by Aptara® Inc.,
York, Pennsylvannia
Printing: 45# New Era Matte Plus by R.R. Donnelley & Sons
Credits: The credits section for this book begins on page C-1
and is considered an extension
of the copyright page.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Lucas, Stephen, 1946—
The art of public speaking / Stephen Lucas. – 10th ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-07-338515-0 (alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-07-338515-8 (alk. paper)
1. Public speaking. I. Title.
PN4129.15.L83 2008

808.5’1–dc22
2008036093
The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the
time of publication. The inclusion of a Web site
does not indicate an endorsement by the authors or McGraw-
Hill, and McGraw-Hill does not guarantee the
accuracy of the information presented at these sites.
www.mhhe.com
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Last H1 Head iii
S tephen E. Lucas is Professor of Communication Arts and
Evjue-Bascom Professor in the Humanities at the University of
Wisconsin-Madison, where he has taught since 1972. He
received
his bachelor’s degree from the University of California, Santa
Barbara,
and his master’s and doctorate degrees from Penn State
University.
Professor Lucas has been recognized for his work as both a
scholar and a teacher. His first book, Portents of Rebellion:
Rhetoric and
Revolution in Philadelphia, 1765–1776 , received the Golden
Anniver-
sary Award of the National Communication Association in 1977
and
was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize. His major articles include

“The
Schism in Rhetorical Scholarship” (1981), “The Renaissance of
American Public Address: Text and Context in Rhetorical
Criticism”
(1988), “The Stylistic Artistry of the Declaration of
Independence”
(1990), and “The Rhetorical Ancestry of the Declaration of
Indepen-
dence” (1998), for which he received the Golden Anniversary
Mono-
graph Award of the National Communication Association. His
most
recent book is Words of a Century: The Top 100 American
Speeches,
1900–1999 (2009).
Professor Lucas has received a number of teaching awards,
including the
Chancellor’s Award for Excellence in Teaching at the
University of Wisconsin
and the National Communication Association’s Donald Ecroyd
Award for Out-
standing Teaching in Higher Education. His lecture course on
“The Rhetoric of
Campaigns and Revolutions” is among the most popular on
campus and has
twice been selected for statewide broadcast in its entirety by
Wisconsin Public
Radio. Professor Lucas is featured in the Educational Video
Group’s program on
the history of American public address, and he has appeared on
the History
Channel’s documentary on the Declaration of Independence.
Professor Lucas has directed the introductory public speaking
course at the
University of Wisconsin-Madison since 1973. Over the years he
has been

responsible for numerous teaching innovations and has
supervised the training
of hundreds of graduate assistants. In addition to participating
in public speak-
ing workshops and colloquia at schools throughout the United
States, he has
served as a judge for the major national English-language public
speaking com-
petitions in China, has lectured at numerous Chinese
universities, and has
conducted workshops for Chinese instructors on teaching public
speaking.
Stephen Lucas and his wife, Patty, live in Madison, Wisconsin,
and have two
sons, Jeff and Ryan. His interests include travel, sports, art, and
photography.
● ●
About the Author
iii
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iV CHAPTER 2 ETHICS AND PUBLIC SPEAKING
Contents in Brief
SPEAKING AND LISTENING

1 Speaking in Public 2
2 Ethics and Public Speaking 28
3 Listening 46
APPENDIX Giving Your First Speech 63
SPEECH PREPARATION: GETTING STARTED
4 Selecting a Topic and a Purpose 74
5 Analyzing the Audience 94
6 Gathering Materials 118
7 Supporting Your Ideas 140
SPEECH PREPARATION: ORGANIZING AND OUTLINING
8 Organizing the Body of the Speech 164
9 Beginning and Ending the Speech 184
10 Outlining the Speech 206
PRESENTING THE SPEECH
11 Using Language 222
12 Delivery 242
13 Using Visual Aids 266
APPENDIX Using PowerPoint 285

VARIETIES OF PUBLIC SPEAKING
14 Speaking to Inform 298
15 Speaking to Persuade 322
16 Methods of Persuasion 350
17 Speaking on Special Occasions 380
18 Speaking in Small Groups 392
APPENDIX Speeches for Analysis and Discussion A1
1
2
3
4
5
iv
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Last H1 Head v v
Contents

1
S
P
E
A
K
IN
G
A
N
D
LIS
T
E
N
IN
G
PART
Preface xvii
Reviewers and Symposium Participants xxvi
CHAPTER 1
Speaking in Public 2

The Power of Public Speaking 4
The Tradition of Public Speaking 5
Similarities Between Public Speaking
and Conversation 6
Differences Between Public Speaking
and Conversation 8
Developing Confidence: Your Speech Class 9
Nervousness Is Normal 9
Dealing with Nervousness 10
Public Speaking and Critical Thinking 16
The Speech Communication Process 17
Speaker 17
Message 18
Channel 18
Listener 18
Feedback 19
Interference 20
Situation 20
The Speech Communication Process: Example
with Commentary 21
Public Speaking in a Multicultural World 22

Communicating Effectively WorksheetCOMM310 Version 21Univ.docx

Communicating Effectively WorksheetCOMM310 Version 21Univ.docx

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Communicating Effectively WorksheetCOMM310 Version 21Univ.docx