Civil engineering internship report

INTERNSHIP report on BHARAT PRIDE PARK
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, MOHAMMED MOHSIN AND SYED GOUSEPAK 1
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ABSTRACT
The internship report in broad-spectrum contains four chapters in which
we try to explain my one month experience in my hosting company. The content
of all chapters is broadly explained and it is constructed from the practical basis of
the site work.
In the opening chapter I give details to the company background
including its mission, vision, the project those runs through the company
consultation. In this chapter we put all record or history and futurity of my
hosting company with its official address. So, it is give details of the company in
terms of reader can easily know and access the company.
The second chapter is the most hunted chapter which explains my
overall internship familiarity in one month. This chapter is the main chapter and
we record on it the overall work I have been executing. It gives a high light what I
have been doing and main works of the construction industry.
After all those chapters explained above we goes to the third and forth
chapter and explains the main benefits of the internship in terms of different
aspects and areas. It is obvious that the internship has a plus in terms of
improving skills and different abilities as a whole. The advantages and gains of the
internship putted in short and prices way to grasp the attention of readers and
evaluators.
The final and fifth chapter is conclusion, means what we learnt and
understand from this internship programme.

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CHAPTER 1.
BHARAT PRIDE PARK
1.1 INTRODUCTION.
A breathtaking venture, consisting of innovative architecture and planning,
with a concept designed and developed to bring luxurious yet affordable living to
kalaburagi. This venture envisages to change the landscape of real estate in
kalaburagi. Situated in the heart of the city, Bharat Pride Park gives the standard
lifestyle. A fully vaastu compliant project.
Figure 1. Key Plan

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1.2 AREA.
This project is developing on a total area of 11 acres and 17 guntas, in which for
residential area 9 acres 29 guntas is to be used and 2 acres 28 guntas is to be used
for commercial purpose.
Residential ground coverage area of just 34% with 66% being open to sky. And
total floors are 2B+G+6 (2 basement +ground floor +6 floors). Ample parking
space with levels of parking. Great garden views from all flats.
1.3 ECO-FRIENDLY.
148 rainwater harvesting pits planned throughout the project. First project in
kalaburagi to be approved by state level Environmental authority. A landscape
green area of 29% of the total area.
1.4 LUXURIOUS.
Comprising of 2-3 BHK spacious flats. Well designed, cross-ventilated apartment
with double basement parking. First gate community project in north Karnataka.
Health club with a world class gymnasium, yoga and meditation Centre, indoor
games and a swimming pool. 18000 sq.ft. Clubhouse with guest rooms, clinics,
grocery stores. Independent flats without any common walls, assuring complete
privacy. The projectalso embraces itself with 24 hours power backup for lifts, fire
safety equipment’s delivering apartments compliant with the most latest fire
safety and environmental norms.
1.5 EXCELLENCE.
They are resilient and persistent in talking on challenging goal and setting higher
performance benchmarks that helps them to excel in every way that is
meaningful to clients, employees and vendors.

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CHAPTER 2
PROJECT CONSULTANT
N.R Architecture and Engineering Consultancy is a multi-disciplinary Consulting
firm, a reputation for responsive, innovative yet practical design approaches to
complex Architectural & Engineering problems. Through their experience and
dedication to the construction industry N.R consulting firm is committed to
provide with the most professional, efficient and cost effective consultancy
services. The goal of the company is to satisfy the most demanding construction
needs in INDIA or elsewhere in the world.
N.R is an architectural & engineering partnership providing design, supervision,
consultancy and project management services and engineering solution for
various categories of projects. With core staff strength of all professionals in
affiliated engineering firms, and the use of the most recent information
technology in the production of contract information, the firm has over the years
acquired a thorough capability to execute medium to large scale project from
feasibility through design and contract administration to completion and project
administration.
N.R Architecture & Engineering Consultancy is a dynamic organization of
innovative professionals who share a common goal to render the best and most
effective services to the demanding construction industry, which is sensitive to
both cost containment and service levels.
2.1 VISION:
Their vision to the future is becoming one of the leading Architectural &
Engineering consultants in India.
2.2 MISSION: Guided by their vision, they shall provide quality services
exceeding client‘s expectations while adhering to the highest standards of
technical and individual excellence through continuous improvement training and
innovation.
a) Adding value to clients.
b) Nurturing and promoting talents.
c) Respecting employees’ intense efforts and contribution.

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2.3 ADDRESS:
BHARAT PRIDE PARK
Bharat dall and oil industries
Humnabad road, kalaburagi 585104
Karnataka, tell 08472-255611
Email: info@bharatprojects.com
Website: www.bharatprojects.com
Figure 2 Location of Bharath pride park.

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N.R. CONSULTANTS AND PLANNERS
INDIA PVT LTD.
# 901 TO 905 , Taramandal complex ,
Saifabad Hyderabad 500 004
Email: nrconsultants@rediffmail.com
Website: www.n.r.consultants.org
Malinath devarmani kalaburagi
Email: msdevarmani@gmail.com

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Figure 3 ELEVATION
Figure 4 COURTYARD 1

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Figure 5 PARKS.

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Figure 6 CLUB HOUSE.

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CHAPTER 3
OVERALL INTERNSHIP EXPERIENCE
3.1. JOINING OF THE COMPANY.
After completion of 2ND
M-tech SEM I got the application letter for
internship from the PDA College of engineering. So, I have been searching a
hosting company but I don‘t get any company that satisfy my own interest
because they don‘t have the ability and the capacity to teach intern student and
also some company reject student because student from other colleges apply
first.
So, we were approached BHARAT PRIDEPARK projectmanager Mr. Ramesh sir for
internship program and they were given a chance for our internship program.
Then we went there at the site to begin the work and join with their Engineers
and workers. They introducethe overall site, drawings and staff with respect to
their working department. These Engineers were given us an orientation about
the overallwork we perform throughoutthe whole internship.
3.2. SECTION OF THE COMPANY WORKED.
N R consultancy has many projects in our country as we mentioned in the
consultancy profile. Thus from those listed we have been working in the BHARAT
PRIDE PARK project. The project consists of a 2B+G+6 (2 Basement +ground floor
+ 6 floors). our projectin divided into four wings wing A , wing B , wing C and wing
D But when I was arrived at the site were the only wing C and wing D are ongoing
project. Structure of wing A and wind B is not fully completed finishing work is
ongoing.

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3.2.1. Flow in the section
The working flow of the owner and the contractor has many advantages in order to
work every task closely and to solve problems arise between them. In every work
there is a work flow whatever small is the section, my working site at BHARAT
PRIDE PARK work flow was look like the chart below. As shown in the chart
every work was executed based on this flow.
A. Design and supervision team
The team includes structural engineer, architectural engineers, sanitary
engineers, electrical engineers and other experienced engineers in other
professions. The design and supervision team is a team from the consultant side
which guide every work executed in that site and gives supervision for the
contractor based on the drawing and the specification (bill of quantity).
This team mostly comes to the site when there is a miss understanding on
drawings, working techniques, drawing detailing error, and for meeting between
the three parties. The team provides continuous service to the project from start
to finish, establishing and maintaining the quality and integrity of each design.

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1. Resident engineer
Position is responsible for multiple construction projects or a single project of a
large scale requiring multiple disciplines. This includes reviewing design;
supervising construction progress and scheduling; starting up process
systems/equipment or facilities for turning over to the owner's personnel.
Supervise field staff and contractors on the site with responsibility for quality
construction in accordance with plans and specifications. He/she also responsible
for approval of change orders, invoices, and payment applications which may
include final payment. So, the resident engineer mostly control every work as
much as possible in terms of their quality, cost and time. Testing of materials
delivered at site and safety of workers starting from managers to daily labors also
the duty of the resident engineer.
2. Project manager
The project manager has so many responsibilities at the site and in our site these
positions is accountable for the contractor or the owner and are appointed by the
owner of the construction company. The main duty of the manager is Manages
the whole site work execution, Makes payment to sub contract workers,
Approves material request, Analyses the work processes, Executes sub-
contracting agreements, Reviews and checks the reports made by the office
engineer.
1. Site engineer
Site engineer shall be accountable for the following tasks and responsibilities:
 Studying the work plan submitted by the contactor and suggests any
modifications.
 To watch and inspect the construction work and assure that it is done in full
accordance with the drawings, technical specifications and bills of
quantities.

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 Supervising the works on site in accordance with the contract documents
and using the template and procedure established by the consultant.
 Inspecting and testing materials prior to their use at site as per sample
approved by the consultant and ensuring removal of rejected material out
from site.
 Ensuring the correct implementation of the works according to technical
specifications, to designs and quality of materials Checking of layout and
setting out of buildings with respect to existing structures and site levels.
 Checking and testing of completed works before they are covered by the
contractor, taking photos on a regular basis and also on account of
defective work.
 Ensuring that health and safety measures are adopted and followed to the
full extent.
 Prepare weekly report and suggest and instruct additional safety measures
if needed.
 Maintain a filing system for all site memos and instructions, measured
quantities of
 Work and materials on site, reports and other documents and
correspondence pertaining to the construction activities.
 Maintain a site order book to be made available for the consultants and
senior officers to write comments or defects in construction noticed during
site visits and carrying out compliance at site.
2. Foreman
A foreman is the worker or tradesman who is in chargeof a construction crew and
is a skilled supervisor who is responsible to work side by side with the project
manager, property owner, and other construction design engineers in order to
complete a project in a given time limit. His job is to employ the suitable workers
on the various tasks to complete the job, and supervise all phases of the
construction project from start to end or supervise only a portion of the building
process Normally the foreman is a construction worker with many years of
experience in a particular trade who is charged with organizing the overall
construction of a particular project. Typically the foreman is a person with
specialist knowledge of a given trade who has moved into the position and is now
focused on an overall management of all trades rather than any particular
specialized group.

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A good foreman is the keystone of their projects since they control every work
more closely than the others like project manager, site engineer etc. the Forman
also have a duty of motivating workers and choosing good workers for every
aspects of work.
3. Surveyor
In any construction a surveyor is mandatory so, in our site the surveyor works
starting from setting out to checking verticality, keeping the natural level of the
building, checking elevation of columns.
4. Skilled and non-skilled persons
This group includes masons, carpenter, bar benders and the daily laborers. In our
country workers of such group are appointed only by experience these have its
own advantage on the constriction. They work everything as they ordered by
withier the Forman or the site engineer.
3.3 OFFICE WORK
In my one month internship period I experience Office works thatare worked
mostly at the site this includes some tasks performed by office engineer and
quantity surveyor. Such as;
i. Taking off
ii. Bill of quantity
iii. Report writing
iv. Reading and interpreting drawings
3.3.1 Taking off.
This is the process of preparing / defining a detailed list of all labor and materials
necessary for the work and entering the items on properly dimensioned paper.
The standard form used for entering the dimensions taken or scaled from
drawings to determine the accurate quantity in each trade of work, except
reinforcement steel, is called take off sheet or dimension paper.

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The main aim of this sheet is for payment and cost estimation for purchasing and
preparing bill of quantity. The dimension paper used for taking off shown below
Column 1 is used for stating the number of times an item occurs . Column 2 is
called dimension column as it is used to enter the dimensions of the items of
works. The dimensions are entered in the order indicated below: Length, Width,
Height or thickness. Column 3 is called squaring column. The stated dimensions in
column 2 are multiplied to determine the quantity of the work either in ml, m2,
m3 or in Pcs. or No. Whereas column 4 is called description column and
description of the work item is briefly stated. Based on the above format I have
been calculating the quantity of concrete in m3, formwork in m2 and excavation
in m3. A separate sheet (Bar Schedule) is used to prepare reinforcement
quantities as shown below. Bar schedule is used to know the amount of rebar
used on the site and to tell the bar bender that the amount of bar needed in some
position of the building and its number. The following tasks are part of the taking
off (used to facilitate defining the quantities): Describing the item, bracketing

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(relating the description to the quantity) , deduction of items, correction of
dimensions .
Format 1 BAR BENDING SCHEDULE.
This numbers is drive from the formula Weight per unit length for Ф6 is 0.222
kg/m; for any other diameter “d” with weight per unit length W = (d*d) /162.
3.3.2 Bill of quantity.
The traditional purposeof bills of quantities is to act as a uniformbasis for inviting
competitive tenders, and to assist in valuing completed work. Bills of quantity are
first designed to meet the needs of estimators, although some estimators say the
bill format has changed to assist the consultants, in cost planning exercises
through the widespread use of elemental bills.

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A contractor can also make use of the bill of quantities in many ways, for
example:
1. To plan material purchasing (note the danger in ordering from a bill: the
contractor should always order materials from drawn information and the
specification, making the contract administrator aware of any differences)
2. Preparing resourced programs.
3. Cost control during the contract to ensure work is within budget.
4. Data collection during construction for bonus systems and feedback
information for estimators.
It is the format which is used in a bill of quantity to list (include) a short
description of the specification along with its measuring unit, quantity and unit
prices to determine the total Cost for each trade of item. In the site the bill of
quantity is done by consultant with the contract document but at site we work it
again for payment.
Format 2 BILL OF QUANTITIES.
There are four clearly defined steps in preparation of Bill of Quantities:
 Taking off
 Squaring
 Abstracting
 Writing the bill off quantity

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3.3.3 Report writing.
Reporting is a controlling / informative mechanism which will help in evaluating
the status of a project. It entails us how we are accomplishing our set targets at
the onset of a project. It will also help decision makers to follow the status of the
project without being present physically on the site. The reports should explain
the history of the project.Itshould be realistic and self-explanatory. Numbers in a
report are far important than number crunching. Putting numbers for a report
writer like 10 % or 90% may be simple but the meaning for the decision makers is
very vital. Putting wrong figures knowingly or unknowingly are devastating.
Report Types
The types of reports to be submitted in a project depends on project type;
complexity, working habit etc. In our project we work the following reports
 Weekly report
 monthly report
 Daily report
Weekly Progress Report:
This is the lowest report form. ( lowest means the level of view of the project is
high).In short - it evaluates the accomplishment of the weekly plan and puts the
next week schedule .This report will show the achievement/ drawbacks of the
project at the broadest level and help the project manager ( PM) or Resident
Engineer (RE) to solve the shortcomings at the grass root level.
Major Contents of a Weekly Report:
Project data ,Accomplishment of weekly Plan, Weekly labor and Machinery
Deployment, Material Delivered to the site, major Problems of the week ,
Solutions given to the major problems, Anticipated problems to be solved for the
next week , next week plan.

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Monthly Progress Report:
This is a report with a view of many eyes. This will be thoroughly seen by second
level observers. Thecontractor, the client and the Consultant‘s representative will
make an in-depth view of the report to have full information about the project
status. This is a report where major bottle necks of the project will be narrated
and the performance of the parties will be vividly seen.
Major Contents of a Monthly Report:
Accomplishment of monthly Plan, Monthly labor and Machinery Deployment,
Material Delivered to the site, major Problems of the month , Solutions given to
the major problems, Anticipated problems to be solved for the next month , next
month plan..., Contractual matters -Delay Notifications (if any) , variations.
3.3.4 Reading and interpreting drawings.
Drawings arethe means by which the designer conveys the physical, quantitative,
and visual description of the project to the contractor. The drawings are a two-
dimensional representation of the physical structure that meets the objectives of
the owner. They are also known as plans or blueprints.
In our site there were 4 types of drawing;
1. Architectural drawing
2. Structural drawing
3. Sanitary drawing
4. Electrical installation drawing
This drawing is the main language between the architect, designer and any
worker at the site or office to build the model in position as specified by the
designer and the client, based on the agreement. Thus to work as an engineer in
the construction site it is mandatory knowing drawings and any other
specification. Drawings are the most common means of communication for all
types and sizes of project. Thus I understand each drawing and knew every
symbol abbreviation for every section and I able to communicate with different
workers using it.

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3.3.5. Site work.
The site work was the very important task for me because the internship main
objective lies over her and I have gain many knowledge from the site like
communication skill, handling workers, management skill etc. within four month I
have the ability to see many works from the project.
The work task I have been executing at site is:
 Supervising of works
 Inspecting the worked element and how they work
 Checking the work based on the given check list
 Testing materials
The site work in general overlay over the supervision part so I have been working
as supervisor based on the given check list that our company give to us. Every
work must be checked wither it is executed based on the methodology that the
contractor provides to the consultant or not. If not the contractor must report the
case why they didn‘t execute upon it.

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CHAPTER 4
PROCEDURES ADOPTED WHEN PERFORMING
WORK TASKS.
The site work I have been perform was controlling how the work is going on and
supervising thework based on the given check list which was given to us from the
office. The checklist for site supervisors is issued in order to ensure a uniform
system of supervision of building construction projects and as a result ensure the
quality of construction. In the checklist the responsibilities, liabilities and
limitations of the supervisor are briefly mentioned in the steps to the general
terms.
Details of construction are specified in the drawings, technical specifications and
in the general and special conditions of the contract. The duty of mine was to
ensure that the construction works are executed in accordance with the contract
requirement. In the application of the checklist the details specified in the
contract document always precede before the application and use of it. There are
also tables and forms in the checklist that help as records of the incidences
affecting the work and as references. In addition the standard technical
specification was used as reference on the preparation of the checklist and shall
always have precedence over the checklist. Therefore, I have been work most of
my time at site to become more familiar with site works and to get more practical
knowledge. Site work in general includes every kind of work executed at the site
starting from setting out till finishing works based on the given specification and
methodology. The site work that I have been trough in the fore month internship
period was in the sub structure work and super structure work exclusively. A
normal building consists of two parts in general this are the super structure and the
sub structure.
Any structure below the ground floor slab level including the basement, retaining
walls, ground slab, grade beam, and foundation is called a substructure. In most of
the cases, substructure work can be categorized as earthwork, concrete work and
masonry work. I have seen that how the excavation was done, concrete pouring,
masonry work and back filling.
Super structure is the part of a building which extend above the grade beam or
everything above the sub structure includes slab(1st floor slab), column, walls,
roof etc. the purpose of the super structure is to enclose and divide space as well
as spread load safely in to the sub structure.

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4.1. Setting out
A building is set out in order to clearly define the outline of the excavation and
the center line of the columns, so that construction can be carried out exactly
according to the plan. The basic coordinates of each building will be set in
position in accordance to the given bench mark. Surveying will be carried out by
total station through skilled professional. Performing the job by the cited
instrument will enable the respective professional to decide and limit the real
topography of the site. I didn‘t see this work butI try to grasp some knowledge by
asking the engineers how it was worked and its main procedures.
4.2. Excavations
Excavation is the first step of construction. It refers to the process of removing
soil or rock from its original location, typically in preparation for constructing
foundations, basements, and underground utility lines and for grading of the
ground surface. Excavated material required for backfill or grading fill is stockpiled
on the site for subsequent use. Excavation work I have seen was bulk excavation.
The main aim of the excavation work is to remove organic soils or unwanted soil
for the safety of the building from chemical attacking.

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Excavation shall be carried out to the lines, levels, width, depth and grades and
shown on the drawings, directed by the Engineer or as appropriate to the works
to be placed in the excavation. Excavation is carried out nearly 25feet below
ground level by using machines such as JCB and HITACHI. I was there on
excavation of wing D.
Figure 7 EXCAVATIONS

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Points to be remembered during excavation
Study a sufficient number of trial pits for exact data of the strata.
 Confirm the strata in consultation with the consultant, before proceeding
for PCC.
 Excavate the foundation at same level and avoid resting of the footing on
the sloping strata.
 Remove all the loose excavated material and clean the strata.
 Carry out shoring in case of black cotton soil, to avoid accidents.
 De-watering of the pits should be well planned and de-watering should be
laid in storm water drain.
 Necessary approvals to cut the trees, stock (dump) the material on public
property etc. should be obtained from the local authorities.
 Safety precautions should be observed while excavating.
 Sufficient light arrangements should be made for work in the night shift.
 Ensure that the foundation of adjacent buildings is not exposed while
excavating the basement.
 Give the size of exaction pit to avail the working space for worker to fix and
remove the shuttering box of PCC.

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Check list for excavation which is used on our site
CHECKLIST FOR QUALITY
ACTIVITY: GROUND TREATMENT
Project: Date:
Location:
NOTE:- PleaseRappropriate box or enter readings as per requirements
Sl. No. To be checked YES NO NA Remarks/ Clarifications
1 Name,date and number of the drawing
PRE-EXECUTION CHECKS
2
Has the area been levelled, rammed & well
compacted?
3
Is the treatment being carried out by a specialist
agency?
4
Is the chemical and method of application
confirming to IS standards?
5
Are the required tools and safety equipments
available?
6
Is the application being done by a trained
personnel?
7
Is the dosage of chemical on horizontal and vertical
surfaces - 7.5 litre/m2
?
8
Has the chemical been poured along the perimeter
of the building at specified intervals and depth?
POST-EXECUTION CHECKS
9
Has it been ensured that the treated area is
protected by carrying out the relevant works ?
10
Has it been ensured that the treated area is not
exposed to atmosphere for a long duration?
Checked by: Approved by:
Sign Sign
Name Name
Date Date
CHECKS DURING EXECUTION

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2.4.3. FILLING
Fill work will follow the erection of foundation column. Bulk excavations need to
be back filled with a better soil type, which will have better compaction character
and would bring the minimum required proctor density. In order to attain the
minimum standard as mentioned on the Bill of Quantity, they deploy appropriate
machineries.
Filling is on our site by using Murom and compacted by using roller as shown in
image.
Figure 8 FILLING

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4.4 PCC WORK
The term PCC stands for Plain cement concrete. Before starting any RCC or
masonry work directly on the excavated soil, PCC is done form a levelled surface.
 Preparation for pcc works
 Check the center of the excavated pit or center line for footing.
 Check the dimensions and orientations of the excavated pit (length,
breadth and depth).
 Get the strata checked and approved from the consultant.
 Clean the pit by removing all loose materials.
 Water the excavated pit and ram it for better compacted strata.
 If the surface of the pit is uneven, do the soling or plum concrete to avoid
excess depth of pcc.
 Prepare the shuttering box of pcc size and placed it in position.
 Get the required materials stocked a day in advanced.
 Keep all tools and machineries ready by cleaning, washing, lubricating etc.
Figure 09 PCC WORK

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4.5. CONCRETE FORM WORK
As fresh concrete is in plastic state when it is placed for construction purpose so,
it becomes necessary to provide some temporary structure to confine and
support the concrete till it gains sufficient strength for self-supporting. This
temporary structureis called formwork. Concrete formwork serves as a mould to
produce concrete elements having a desired size and configuration. It is usually
erected for this purpose and then removed after the concrete has cured to a
satisfactory strength. In some cases, concrete forms may be left in place to
become part of the permanent structure. For satisfactory performance, formwork
must be adequately strong and stiff to carry the loads produced by the concrete,
the workers placing and finishing the concrete, and any equipment or materials
supported by the forms.
In the site the form work material we use was the steel plates which have a good
surface finish.
The general step used to construct a formwork in the site is:
 Prepare the false works in the desired position and level.
 Preparing the form work in a desired shape based on the drawing or the
size of the structure that is going to be cast.
 Painting with a releasing agent if needed.
 fixing it with appropriate bracing element and false work.
Formwork for slab

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Formwork for slab-cum beam
Formwork for column

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The formworks of any type and of any place will be required:
 To be rigid enough to confine plastic concrete at the lines grades and
dimensions indicated on the form plans without bulging or sagging
under the load.
 To be constructed as mortar tight as possible to prevent the loss of
concrete ingredients throughout the joints between the sections.
 To be easy to remove with minimal damage to the concrete surface.
CHECKLIST FOR ON-SITE INSPECTION
ACTIVITY:
FORMWORK
Project: Date:
Location:
NOTE:- Please Rappropriate box or enter readings as per requirements
Sl. No. To be checked YES NO NA
Remarks/
Clarifications
1
Name, date and number
of the drawing
2
Are the latest "Good for
Construction" drawings
available?
3
Is adequate quantity of
shuttering material
available?
4
Has the required
barricading and safety
measures been taken?
5
Are safety measures
required for the
neighboring construction
activities?
6
Is the area compatible
with the drawings that
are provided?
7
Has the shuttering
material been properly
cleaned before use?
8
Is the foam strip around
the column starter in
place to avoid slurry
leakages?

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9
Does the level of the slab and beam
shuttering correspond to the levels
given in the drawing?
10
Has the shuttering been checked for
proper fixing and sufficient support for
concreting?
11
Is the shuttering checked for vertical
and horizontal alignment?
12 Are the required tools available?
13
Are the beam bottoms of inverted
beams fixed at right angles?
14
Are all the required cut outs and shaft
openings in place and checked for
correct measurement?
15
Have the peripheral areas and cutouts
been provided with sufficient cover
blocks?
16
Is the brown tape in place and the oil
properly applied?
17
Is the DE shuttering time as per
specification and done in an orderly
and safe manner?
18
Has the consultant inspected the
formwork before before concreting?
Sign Sign
Name Name
Date Date

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4.6. REINFORCEMENT
Concrete is much weaker in tension than in compression. Its tensilestrength is
approximately 10% of its compressivestrength. Therefore, concreteis generally
used in conjunction with steel reinforcement, which provides the tensile strength
in a concrete member. The useof plain concrete without steel reinforcement is
limited to pavements and someslabs-on-ground. Steelis the ideal material to
complement concrete becausethe thermal expansion of both materials is the
same. In other words, when heated or cooled, both steel and concrete expand or
contract equally. Consequently, no stress is caused by differential expansion or
contraction. Composite materials that expand differentially are subjected to such
stresses.
Steel also bonds well with concrete. In a composite material, the bond between
two materials is necessary for it to function as a single material. The bond
between steel and concrete is due to the chemistry of the two materials, which
produces a chemical bond between them. Additionally, as water from concrete
evaporates, it shrinks and grips the steel bars, making a mechanical bond.
Excessively rusted bar should not be used.
4.6.1. Methodology
Before bulk purchase and transporting to the site they are conducting tensile
strength test from the store, by taking sample from a place where they are
intending to buy the material. Such sampling will involve the Office and the result
will be communicated. When they receive approval, as it fulfills the expected
minimum tensile strength, they proceed to the purchase of the same. Place of
deposit was made ready before its arrival on site where it should be damped. A
platform elevated from the top surface of the soil, that would ensure the
avoidance of minimum contact were prepared. Then placed there, and was
protected from any detrimental moisture, grease or oil or other substances that
may affect its quality. Shop drawing or bar schedule was produced by the quantity
surveyor (office Engineer), in accordance to the structural design. This shop
drawing or bar schedule was submitted to the Engineer and upon his approval
mass production will be induced. Bar bending workshop were situated in a place
where it could be close to the site where the bar is going to be placed in position.

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The bending of all types of reinforcement bars was take place within the
workshop.
Except the column reinforcement bars all was tied and placed in position exactly
in a position where they are intended to be situated. After placing in position of
the reinforcement bar and before the concrete pouring any dust particle was
removed or cleaned. On horizontal structures like the reinforced concrete in
order to maintain the allowable concrete cover depth or thickness concrete
spacers was produced and cured and placed in position.
Slab reinforcement
Beam reinforcement

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Column, beam and slab reinforcement

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Bending machine and cutting machine
Reinforcement of water storage tank and retaining wall

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CHECKLIST FOR
QUALITY
ACTIVITY:
REINFORCEMENT
Project: Date:
Location:
Sl. No. To be checked YES NO NA
Rem
arks
/
Clarif
icati
ons
1
Name, date and number of
the drawing
2
available?
3
Is the area prepared for
starting reinforcement
(shuttering complete,
cleaned, oiled, taped)?
4
Are test results of bars
available at site before
starting the fabrication work?
5
Has the required barricading
and safety measures been
taken?
6
Is the area to be reinforced
compatible with the drawings
that are provided?
7
Are the required tools
available at site to ensure
correct work?
8
Is the reinforcement kept
ready on wooden runners to
keep them clean?
9
Is the reinforcement free from
oil, mud, grease and other
forms of contaminations?
10
Is the overlapping ensured
and the laps are staggered?

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11 Has the anchoring been checked?
12
Are the dowels for columns, beams
and slabs in place and checked for
proper length?
13
Are the required hooks fixed and is
the chair height for the upper layer of
reinforcement correct?
14
Is the reinforcement done as per
specification and drawing?
15
Are cover blocks provided and fixed
in a systematically correct manner
and as per specifications?
16
Have beam and column joints
checked for sufficient cover blocks?
17
Is the lock set properly mixed and the
reinforcement turned into the fresh
lock set?
18
Has the consultant inspected the
reinforcement before the concreting
has started?
19
Has adequate lap lengths been
provided for all the column bars?
20
Is the steel scrap and the rings used
for bundling collected in a safe place
to avoid any accidents?
Sign Sign
Name Name
Date Date

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4.7. CONCRETE
Concrete is a composite consisting of the dispersed phase of aggregates (ranging
from its maximum size coarse aggregates down to the fine sand particles)
embedded in the matrix of cement paste. This is a Portland cement concrete with
the four constituents of Portland cement, water, stone and sand. These basic
components remain in current concrete but other constituents are now often
added to modify its fresh and hardened properties. This has broadened the scope
in the design and construction of concrete structures. It has also introduced
factors that designers should recognize in order to realize the desired
performance in terms of structural adequacy, constructability, and required
service life. These are translated into strength, workability and durability in
relation to properties of concrete. In addition, there is the need to satisfy these
provisions at the most cost effective price in practice. Since our building is a
reinforced concrete structure the concrete work was commenced every day for
constructing/development of every part of the building.
In our site the plant is placed for manufacturing of concrete. Weigh batching is
using on our site. The bucket size of our plant is 0.2 cubic meter (it means that
concrete mix in our site is 0.2M3
at one time). In our site they are using Cement
(OPC cement from Vasavadatta cement company malkhed stored in silo), Sand
(natural sand) and coarse aggregates (10mm, 12mm and 20mm down size),
admixtures ,Robo sand also using on our site and fly ash using and replacing with
cement.
Concrete plant on site

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Grades of concrete
In our site different grades of concrete are using. For pcc of footing M20, for rcc
of footing M25, column M25 and for beams and slabs they are using M20 grades
of concrete. Proportions are using according to the mix design of concrete.
Tests on concrete
Testes conducted at site for concrete work was the slump test and the cube test.
Joints
Any joint, as in a physical break or gap between members, in a concrete structure
or building is a potential weak link which may lead to serviceability problems, lack
of durability or structural failure. Yet seldom, if ever, is a building constructed
without them. In many situations they are necessary requirement.
The word joint is used in building parlance to cover elements which have to
perform quite different functions e.g. beam-column joints and isolation joints. In
the former the joint has to provide continuity of structural action between the
members meeting at the joint. In the latter the joint has to ensure separation
between the adjacent members to allow one member to move independently of
the other. Expansion joints were provided to maintain a minimum resistance at a
joint. Reinforcements don‘t extend across expansion joints. The joint was filled by
a material called Styrofoam. An expansion joint prevents the continuation of
cracks formed due to differential settlement, variation in temperature and long
span of the building fromone structureto the other. Expansion joint runs through
the entire building from the ground floor (or the basement, if provided) up to the
roof. Two columns are used at the expansion joint. However, a combined footing
may be used for the two adjacent columns. Construction Joint A special type of
static joint that is provided between two concrete placements is called a
construction joint or cold joint.

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However, in our site expansion joint is provided by the designer in order to
separate the building to protect from anticipated accident.
Expansion joints
Pouring of concrete
After the concrete is manufactured the next step is casting or pouring the
concrete in to the required place. Before commencing the casting process
supervision is made for the bars, spacers, differentinstallations and the formwork
if it was in the expected quality for casting. In our site transit mixers are used for
transporting of concrete and placing is done by using pumping and sometimes
workers (where the pump can’t reach) and needle vibrators are used for
compaction of the fresh concrete.
Transporting of concrete by using transit mixer and placing is done by pumping

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Casting of slab and beam by using pumping and compacting by using needle
vibrator

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CURING
The hydration reaction begins as soon as water and cement come into contact,
but the rate at which this reaction proceeds is extremely slow. It takes up to 6
months or longer for concrete to gain its full strength. However, approximately
80% of concrete strength develops in 28 days. Approximately two thirds of the 28-
day strength is obtained in the first 7 days and approximately half in the first 3
days. This is true only if sufficient water and favorable temperature are available
for the hydration reaction to continue. That is why concrete test cylinders are
kept in a moist chamber until tested. Providing moisture to concrete continuously
for hydration is called curing of concrete. A well-cured concrete is denser and,
hence, stronger and more durable. On construction sites, curing is begun as soon
as the concrete has fully set (solidified), which is generally 12 to 24 h after placing
the concrete. Curing in the initial stages of hardening is extremely important and
should continue as long as possible, not less than 7 days. It is the process of
preventing the loss of moisturefromthe concrete while maintaining a satisfactory
temperature regime. Curing is essential for producing good concrete that has the
desired strength, impermeability and durability, and is of particular importance in
situations where the water-cement ratio is low, or the cement has a high rate of
strength development. So, curing must be conducted using potable water and
covering of the structuralelement using covering material for at least 7 successive
days to retain the moisture lost.
In our site curing of concrete starts from the finishing of the pouring and ends in a
7 days. Mostly they cure at morning, night time. Some workers are placed for
curing at any time after placing of concrete.
Curing at site

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ACTIVITY: CEMENT CONCRETE
Project: Date:
Location:
Sl. No. To be checked YES NO NA Remarks/ Clarifications
1
Name, date and number of the
drawing
PRE-POUR CHECKS
2
Construction" drawings available?
3
Have the required barricading and
safety measures been taken?
4
Are the required number of cement
bags available on site? (or
adequate quantity of RMC been
ordered )
5
Are the required tools available at
site to ensure correct work?
6
Have the vibrators been checked
before start of the concrete?
7
Are calibrated farm available for
measurement (weigh batcher in
case of weigh batching).
8
Is the platform and scaffolding
material secure?
9
Is the necessary shuttering and
reinforcement complete and in
place?
10
Has the shuttering material been
properly aligned using appropriate
equipment?
11
Are spare hessian cloth or tarpaulin
sheet available as protection from
the elements?
12
Have the dimensions and
orientation of the excavated pit
been checked?

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13
Has the pit been cleaned by removing
all the loose materials?
14
Has the excavated pit watered and
rammed for better compacted strata?
15 Is the surface level of the pit even?
16 Does the shuttering box fit in position?
17 Has the pit been button marked?
18
Has the anti-termite treatment been
done?
19
Has the strata been checked and
approved by the concerned authority?
20
Are all the labourers wearing gum
boots while concreting?
21
Is the right grade of concrete being
used?
22 Has the level of P.C.C maintained?
23
Has the leveling and finishing of P.C.C
done?
POST-POURCHECKS
24
Has it been ensured that hessain cloth
is provided and curing done?
25
Has it been ensured that no loose
earth has fallen on the P.C.C bed?
Sign Sign
Name Name
Date Date

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4.7 MASONRY WORK
Masonry are works that are executed by laying building material units such as
stone, brick and solid blocks of specified dimension by providing a binding
material such as mortar. Blocks are used of a sizes of 0.6x0.2x0.1 and
0.6x0.225x0.2, brickssize is 0.23x0.1x0.007 are used. These blocks and bricks are
manufactured in a company and burnt in a kiln, someblocks and bricks are light in
weight.
Work procedure for masonry
 Before use, ensure that the blocks are semi-dry.
 Blocks of successive courses should be laid so that vertical joints are
staggered.
 The joints should be 5 to 10mm thick and should be uniform.
 The mortar used for block construction work should be in the proportion of
1:6.
 The blocks used for masonry work should have water absorption less than
10%.
 For a 100mm thick masonry work RCC bed is must for every three feet
height and for opening in masonry work provide bed at sill level.
 When the masonry work of brick is complete, raking should be done with
the help of wooden batten.
 In a day’s work, allow a mason to do the masonry work up to a height of
1meter only.
Block work and brick work

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ACTIVITY:BLOCKWORK
Project: Date:
Location:
NOTE:- PleaseRappropriate box or enter readings as per requirements
Sl. No. ITEM YES NO NA Remarks/ Clarifications
1
Name,date and number of the
drawing
2
available?
[ ] [ ] [ ]
3
Are the required number of
blocks available? (both load
bearing and non-load bearing)
[ ] [ ] [ ]
4 Surface preparation:
>Has the hacking at contact
surfaces of column & beam
been done?
[ ] [ ] [ ]
>Has cement mortar slurry
been applied over the hacked
surface and cured for 3 days?
[ ] [ ] [ ]
5
Have aluminium templates used
for door/window openings?
[ ] [ ] [ ]
6
Are the required tools
available?
[ ] [ ] [ ]
7
Are there any specific
requirements of the client?
[ ] [ ] [ ]
8
Cement - is it of the approved
grade and less than 1 month
old?
[ ] [ ] [ ]
9
Sand - is it medium gritty,
clean and silt-free (less than
5%)?
[ ] [ ] [ ]
10
Is the finished floor level button
marked on structural slab?
[ ] [ ] [ ]
11
Are the markings for reference
lines on pillars done?
[ ] [ ] [ ]
12
Have the wall ties been cast
into columns at a vertical
spacing (<500mm)?
[ ] [ ] [ ]

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13
Is the blockwork checked in vertical and horizontal
directions?
[ ] [ ] [ ]
14
Is the marker/ lowest course of hollow blocks filled with
concrete 1:3:6 (12mm jelly)?
[ ] [ ] [ ]
15
Is the mortar in proportion 1:5 on MS sheet using farma
box?
[ ] [ ] [ ]
16 Has the check for diagonals & dimensions been done? [ ] [ ] [ ]
17 Has the thickness for joints been checked? [ ] [ ] [ ]
18 Has raking and pointing of joints been done? [ ] [ ] [ ]
19
Is the RCC band for 100mm walls done?
[ ] [ ] [ ]
20 Has the procedure of not constructing more than 5 courses
a day been followed?
[ ] [ ] [ ]
21 Has the top course been packed below the concrete beam? [ ] [ ] [ ]
22 Has the curing of blockwork done for atleast 7 days? [ ] [ ] [ ]
23 Has care been taken of not entertaining excessive chasing? [ ] [ ] [ ]
24
Has a nail been driven to test the strength of joint after 7
days of curing?
[ ] [ ] [ ]
Sign Sign
Name Name
Date Date

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4.8 PLUMBING
Plumbing is the system of pipes , drains ,fittings, valves and fixtures installed for
distribution of potable water for drinking , heating and washing and waste
removal. Plumbing also refers to the skilled trade which deals with installation
and maintenance.
Do’s and Don’ts for plumbing work<
DO’S for plumbing work
 Check the top level of the nahani trap before water-proofing work.
 Apply coal-tar to all concealed G.I lines.
 Fix all concealed G.I lines in position firmly with 40mm plumbing nails.
 Ensure proper curing for all ghabadi work and finishing of concealed lines.
 Issue materials required for specify day.
 Consider the floor thickness before finalizing the height of fittings.
 Ensure all the G.I lines are in plumb.
 Ensure proper clippings to the pipelines on the external side.
 Make proper ball valve arrangements for lintels of overhead and
underground water tank.
Don’ts for plumbing work
 Don’t start the plastering work of concealed F.I lines before checking for
leakages, under pressure for all concealed joints.
 Don’t leave the G.I portions outside the plaster finfish or glazed tie work.
 Don’t keep the open G.I pipelines unpainted.
 Don’t damage any water-proofing work during plumbing.
 Don’t allow loose fixing.
Plumbing and sanitary work

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CHECK LIST FOR QUALITY
ACTIVITY: PLUMBING (SWR Drainage)
Date:
Location
:
Sl. No.
ITEM YES
N
O NA
Remarks/
Clarifications
1
Name,date and number of the
drawing
2
Has it been ensured that only rubber
lubricant is used for joining SWR
pipes & fittings?
3
Has provision been made for
expansion joints, air vents and proper
anchorage for laying of big pipelines?
4
Has heavy-duty solvent cement used
for large diameter and higher class
pipes (6 kg / cm2 and above)?
5
Has a gap of 10 mm between all UV
stabilized SWR pipes and fittings
kept to accommodate thermal
expansion and contraction of pipes?
6
Have the horizontal lines within
bathrooms cement encased?
7
Has it been ensured that cutting
pipes are cut square and chamfered
at the end cut to an angle of 15
degree with a medium file?
8
Has rubber lubricant smeared evenly
on the chamfered spigot and the
sealing ring,also allow 10 mm for
expansion gap?

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9
Has the misalignment of vertical
SWR pipe stacks and incorrect
spacing of pipe clips avoided?
10
Has the entry to main stacks
protected with water seal trap,
wherever there is mixing of soil &
waste lines?
11
Has smoke test been avoided and
test plug / socket plug been used
for testing the lines?
12
Has it been ensured that tubes
installed underground, laid on floors
or in other inaccessible places are
able to withstand twice the
maximum working pressure?
Checked by:
Approved
by:
Sign Sign
Name Name
Date Date

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4.8 PLASTERING
Plaster is a building material used for coating of walls and ceilings.it is
manufactured as dry powder and it is mixed with water to form a paste when
used, the reaction with water liberates heat through crystallization and hydrated
plaster then hardens, plaster is relatively easily worked with metal tools.
CHECKS PRIOR TO START OF WORK
 Ensure all the checks after block work is compiled with. (See block work
details)
 The block work should havebeen cured for 7 days and dry beforeplastering
is started.
 Button mark the surface to be plastered keeping the bull minimum. 12mm
plaster is the desired thickness. Distance of button marks should be within
an aluminum straight edge length.
 Plastering mesh should be 8” wide and fixed rigidly before plastering on the
junction between concrete and masonry surface with steel nails/wooden
plug and nails. This strip has to be plastered and cured for minimum of 3
days before the entire wall is plastered.
 Get the plastering specifications like lime finish, trowel finish, sponge finish,
rough plaster and zone of application clarified from architects.
 In case of external plaster grooves, it can be incorporated to break the
day’s work without creating an uneven joint. The proposal should be
cleared for aesthetics from architect.
 Do not plaster for a thickness of more than 15mm. In case it is required, the
plastering should be done in 2 coats. The first layer applied should be cured
for a day before applying the subsequent coats.
 Cement of 43 grade OPC within 90 days old, Sand - FM 2 to 2.2, clean, fine
silt content low (<5%) and potable water should be used for mixing mortar.
 All surfaces in concrete should be hacked (80 hacks per sq. ft) before
plastering.

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CHECKS DURING PLASTERING
1. All surfaces to be plastered must be wet to prevent absorption of water
from plaster.
2. Mix shall be generally CM 1:4 for ceiling and 1:6 for wall plastering.
3. Mix mortar on MS sheet using Farma for volumetric batching and measure
mortar to mix for consistency.
4. Mix thoroughly for uniform mix and the CM should be used within ½ to 1
hour of the mix.
5. After plastering check the surface for undulations using halogen lamps.
Yellow light thrown on the plastered wall fromone-side shows undulations,
if any, rectify immediately while the plaster is still fresh. All cutouts such as
fan, junction box, electrical box and skirting line should be finished to
perfection.
6. Grooves and mortar bands should be given while plaster is wet.
7. If lime rendering or punning is required, do it within 3 to 4 hour of setting
of cement mortar after plastering.
8. Write down the date of work in paint on the element for plastering,
concrete & monitor the curing accordingly.
CARE TO BE TAKEN AFTER PLASTERING
1. Cure the works for a minimum of 10 days. Write the date of plastering on the
wall/ceiling with permanent marker.
2. All mortar spillage stuck to walls, floor and MS works shall be cleared after the
day’s work.
INSPECTIONMETHODOLOGYFORQUALITYASSURANCE
Internal Plaster:
1. Check of smooth finish using spirit levels for undulations, cracks and
evenness/ straightness in vertical and horizontal directions
2. Ensure plastered surface is cured for entire recommended period
3. Ensure the 1 meter level markings are made along all walls. Measure the
ceiling from this level – it should be even at all points. [Check for ceiling
plaster]
4. Ensure plastering/ POP thickness is even at all points during plastering.
5. Ensure the bull marking tiles are removed.

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External Plaster
1. Employment of specialized trowels to obtain different structural finishes
for the external plastering
2. No undulations and unevenness by using spirit levels
3. Ensure all plastered surfaces are cured for entire recommended period
TOOLS TO BE USED FOR QUALITY INSPECTION
1. Spirit levels 1-2m
2. Measuring tape
3. Related “Good for Construction” drawings
Plastering

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ACTIVITY: PLASTER
Project: Date:
Location:
NOTE:- Pleaser appropriate box or enter readings as per requirements
Sl. No. ITEM YES NO NA Remarks
1 Name, date and number of the drawing
PRE-PLASTERING CHECKS
2
Is the latest "Good for Construction"
drawings available?
3
Is sufficient place available for starting
plastering?
4
Has the required barricading and safety
measures been taken?
5
Is the concrete surface hacked with a
minimum of 80 indents/sq.ft?
6
Are button marks placed at appropriate
intervals?
7
Has the GI mesh been nailed between all
RCC & masonry members?
8
Is the electrical conducting works
completed?
9
Is the PHE piping works in toilets &
kitchen completed?
10
Has proper scaffolding arrangement been
made?
11 Are all boxes covered by dummy plates?
12
Are the A/c works, access control and fire
alarms systems in place?
13
Is the surface wet & free from dust, oil &
all forms of contaminations?

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14
Has the dried mortar been cleaned
off the surface?
15
Are there any specific requirements
of the client?
16 Are the required tools available?
17
Are the required materials
available?
18
Have the increased requirements
(remover painting) been included in
the total tolence?
19
Has the proper roughing of first
coat done?
CHECKS DURING
PLASTERING
20
Is the mixing of cement mortar
being done correctly, on MS sheet?
21 Is the plaster in proper line?
22
Is plastering done above & below
all platforms and lofts?
23
Is the kind of finishing required
been achieved?
24
>Normal sponge finish (for POP
application) ?
25
>Rough finish (tile application/first
coat)?
26
>Smooth, even finish (textured
coatings)?
POST-PLASTERING CHECKS
27
Is curing carried out for a min.of 10
days, with the date of plastering on
wall with permanent marker
28
Has lime been properly applied, if
required?
29
Has all mortar spillage been
cleaned?
Sign Sign
Name Name
Date Date

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4.9 OUR PERFORMANCE DURING ACCOMPLISHING
WORK TASKS:
Absolutely good the reason behind this performance was I integrate with all
workers within a short time and get involved in different site works to gain more
knowledge about the working environment in the site and improve myself with
more site works and office work. Since the site work is very repetitive I have been
working in different section to get involved and pass through different peace of
works. Especially the work tasks I have been performing in the office work were
very impressive because I didn‘t have any knowledge about the quantity works,
cost and report writing etc. In general in the last one month I perform all my
duties nicely and get knowledge of the practical world and relate it with the
theory I have learnt in the class. Also I transform myself to another level of skill,
ethics, knowledge and leadership using this internship class and I perform it well.
Challenges faced:
Construction projects are complex and time-consuming undertakings that require
the interaction and cooperation of many different persons to accomplish. The
construction industry is typically divided into specialty areas, with each area
requiring different skills, resources, and knowledge to participate effectively in it.
In order to integrate and work closely in each section it is a challenging task to
one person especially when he/she is fresh or beginner. In fact some challenges
may be solved by me but some are above my limit and even the workers at the
site also. In general I have faced the following challenges in the internship period.
 Communication problem with workers in the office and at the site.
 Shortage of working drawings like structural, architectural, sanitary,
electrical and some other details.
 Weather condition of the site.
 Shortage of knowledge in some portion of the work at the site.
 Underestimation by workers such as engineers, Forman.
 Unsatisfactory answers for questions from engineers.
 Safety facility.

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CHAPTER 5
OVERALL BENEFITS OF THE INTERNSHIP
Internship is a class healed at site to provide an enhanced understanding of the
outside working environment before the student post graduate. Student like civil
and environmental engineering and other fields also take this practice. The main
aim of this practice (internship) is that to teach students communication with
different workers or employees, to improve practical skill what they learned at
class, up grading the theoretical knowledge in addition to the class, improve their
leadership skill, team playing skill and etc.
In my one month internship at the BHARAT PRIDE PARK PROJECT with N.R
consultantI have acquire much knowledgein different tasks as explained below in
different section. Those different knowledge gets me a good performance in the
internship period and I gain an experience that helps me after the post-
graduation in the upcoming working era of mine.
5.1. IMPROVING PRACTICAL SKILL
The aim of the internship is to address morepractical knowledgefor student. So, I
found a practical knowledge at the site as much possible within the one month.
The knowledge we have learn in the class is helpful to get those practical or real
work in the site and totally different from the actual knowledge gained from the
class. Thus I found some knowledge in the site which helps me to work with the
site environment or site peoples.
Some of the practical knowledge I gain from the internship class was:
 Construction of formwork for some reinforced concrete structure.
In any construction work the first stage before casting of concrete is
designing and constructing of form work. As I explained in the work
procedure the formwork and false work must be stiff and must resist the
fresh concrete till the concrete gain its strength. Thus the construction
stage of form work was new to me since I‘m new for the practical world
now I gain practical knowledge about how it is worked and erected.
 Bar bending, positioning, splicing and tying, according the specified
drawing.
After the formwork and false work is ready the bar bending, positioning
and tying work goes next. This work is done based on the working drawing

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provided in the working drawings (structural drawing) by the design team
of that specified structure. In mostcase it was new for me to see such work
since it is a practical work only performed at the site.
 Surveying on building construction.
We conduct the surveying class in the field for its lab session of the course
in the normal class. But we don‘t know about how it is going to be in
building construction in particular and in which particular stage of the
construction work it used either the super structure or sub structure.
 Casting and pouring of reinforced concrete structure and equipment used
for casting Concrete is a vital material in any construction of reinforced
concrete and is the main constituent or ingredient of any reinforced
concrete structure. Thus it is mandatory to know this material in practice
including how it is treated, placed (poured), mixed and the equipment used
for those work. I got the practical knowledge in terms of those listed
aspects of concrete.
 Different construction equipment (machines) and their use in construction
site.
Many of great structures before are a product of numerous human power
and countless days inspired by great powers. Machines are capable of
handling tough work which may be beyond the scope of human labor to be
performed. They can be expected to work with fair degree of effectiveness
even under adverse weather, climate or topographical conditions. I
generally know how equipment‘s are used in the site including their specific
purpose.
3.2. UPGRADING THE THEORETICAL KNOWLEDGE
The internship class is not only depending on the practical aspect but it also help
students to upgrade or increase knowledge on already that they have. I try to
integrate the practical knowledge with that of the theory learned in the class in
different place in order to get more knowledge than the theory we learned on the
class. I got the internship class very interesting in terms of upgrading a theoretical
knowledge and I learned from the site some theories that we haven‘t learn in the
class room by searching different related literature.
Some of this is:
 Quantity surveying
 Structural design of shear wall and its advantage
 Construction equipment

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 Report writing
I learned those things in exclusive cause it is hard to read and understand
everything from books and asking some peoples at site to those things ashamed
me. Generally I change myself a lit bit after the internship period in my knowledge
than before I took it.
5.3 UPGRADING INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS
Communication is sharing or exchanging information or ideas with others in
order to get some messages and knowledge. The communications systems within
the building design and construction enterprise has taken on a large role in the
achievement of profitability and efficiency. A basic understanding of
communication systems is beneficial to all building professionals and trades, as
they all play a part in the success of the construction. Construction is one of the
places that ask a good communication skill either managing every trade of work
or asking what is gowning on over there. So, communication is an important way
of learning, which can be defined formally as the act, process, or experience of
gaining knowledge or skills and sharing what we know. Cool communication is
important in the real constructions world and it can appear in different forms as
speaking, writing, and listening. In the site the most things I gain is due to
communication with other workers likeengineers, skilled and non-skilled workers,
Forman etc. in some place/case it is very difficult to talk workers and ask them
what wewant because of that they underestimate us and sometimes they are not
eager to tell. But I improve and know how to communicate with different classes
of workers in the site.
5.4. IMPROVING TEAM PLAYING SKILL
Team playing skill for construction work Team works, especially for
engineers, involve in every piece of task and achieving good team playing skill is
essential for Effective completion of tasks and Increasing productivity. This skill
already exists in my personality in the campus due to different assignment and
project works that I work together with student. But this skill is more than this in
the construction site. In the construction site the work is already a team work and
it needs more closeness of workers to solve problems arise in different aspects,
misunderstanding in the drawing or working methodology and consult every
work. We the student at the site also works together as a team to get more
understanding and share ideas. More or less I improve my team work status by

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working together with different professionals, student and workers as a whole in
the civil engineering works and consulting.
5.5. IMPROVING LEADERSHIP SKILL
Leadership is the process of influencing individuals or groups to accomplish an
organizational goal or mission. I have seen how each worker is controlled and
organized to perform its day to day activities. Among all other managements I
have seen that human resource management is the most important one. I have
actually observed the method of controlling the working time and amount of
work done by each worker so that the work proceeds according to the work plan
(schedule).Leadership is a skill to guide, control and monitor peoples. For
effective leadership I understood that personal values like confidence, effective
communication and devotion are very important.
In order to be good Leadership the following criteria should be fulfilled.
Those are:-
 Be technically proficient (skilled with different knowledge‘s).
 Seek responsibility and take responsibility for your actions.
 Make sound and timely decisions.
 Know your people and look out for their well-being.
 Keep your workers informed.
 Develop a sense of responsibility in your workers.
 Ensure that tasks are understood, supervised, and accomplished.
 Use the full capabilities of your organization.
 Listening to others.
 Being organized.
 Able to communicate clearly and efficiently.
In the site it was impossible to us to lead anything because we go to the site to
learn about the site work and we don‘t have enough ability to handle such works
in such short time but we have learned how to become a good leader and the
main signal of a good leader.
Finally what I take hold of is Becoming a leader isn‘t easy because it takes a
conscious commitment and consistent effort to develop one‘s leadership skills.
But on the positive side, anyone who is willing to make the effort can become a
good leader.

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CONCLUSIONS
The internship is a bridge between the theoretical knowledge and the practical or
the reality work at the field of construction or civil engineering work. We all who
take the internship class go to companies that already working either as a
consultant or a contractor. The responsibilities of the hosting company are to
teach student and shape them in the one month as a real site workers. My
hosting company and a consultant team they help me and my friends who took
the internship session in this company in acquiring different knowledge in
different positions. They collaborate with the contractors to teach us in that
section and they believe that the civil engineering work is more important for us
than the consulting office.
This program played an important role to break the conventional thought that
field works can be only implemented by students who hold a degree or people
who have an experience in building construction. We were able to acquire a high
level of confidence to deal with problems that arise in a building construction.
Since I took my internship session in the project BHARAT PRIDE PARK.I get an
opportunity to work in the different party of the construction work which helps
me to gain more knowledge by seeing what they work in their own office and
what is their main responsibilities to the client and also each other. Working with
a consultant N.R team gets me more knowledge than that of the contractor in
case that the consultation work includes the duty of the site engineers and in the
consultant office .That are more important for me to upgrade my knowledge in
different aspects of work. The consultant team by its nature includes designer
team including structuralengineers, architects, sanitary, electrical and mechanical
engineers, the contract administration and supervision team includes site
coordinators, supervisorsand quantity workers and the financial office. This helps
me to get more knowledge than the contractors.
From the design team especially from the structural designers I got some clues
about how to design and the phases and different procedure in the designing of
any structurestarting from the roof to the footing. The architects also helps me to
know every symbols used in any drawing and room orientations, how each room
of the specified space can be together without being disturbed by one another. In

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the sanitary and electrical engineers also help us by teaching us about the riser
diagram and installation of each junction in place for a building.
They help me to understand what is going to be when I work in the consultant
office. The contractors also avail practical knowledge for us to improve our
practical knowledge status in the field. And also the contractors make us more
familiar with site works starting from communication skill, handling of different
site works equipment utilization manpower control to finishing of the work within
the time scheduled by the client.
However, this internship program was not free from challenges. The most
challenge was the amount of money allocated to the project was insufficient to
handle all the expense of the students during the internship experience and
shortage of resource for student like computer, class rooms for student only and
any other problem exist. But they come up with the challenges and teach us how
we must gown to be in the field after the graduation.
Overall the internship program laid sound foundation for us to start our career.
We are proud to be able to contribute towards nation building during the
country's extremely critical period of the history. It will be definitely sensible to
scale this practice up and to replicate in other disciplines as well.

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SOME HIGHLIGHTS OF OUR RUNNING WORK
ELEVATION
PARK

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WING A AND WING B

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THANK YOU
BHARAT PRIDE PARK

Civil engineering internship report

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