This presentation prepared and Presented by M.Fawad Arash Zafar in the M.SC Economics class at Lovely Professional University

2. INTRODUCTION:
Iron and Steel Industry in India is on an
upswing because of the strong global and
domestic demand. India's rapid economic
growth and soaring demand by sectors like
infrastructure, real estate and automobiles,
at home and abroad, has put Indian steel
industry on the global map. According to the
latest report by International Iron and Steel
Institute (IISI), India is the 4th largest
steel producer in the world.

3. HISTORY OF IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY ININDIA
Iron and Steel industry in the country has experienced a
sustainable growth since the independence of the country.
A humble beginning of the modern steel industry was
reached in India at Kulti in West Bengal in the year 1870.
But the outset of bigger production became noticeable with
the establishment of a steel plant. It started plant in
Jamshedpur in Bihar in 1907. it started production in 1912.
The new township was named after Jamshed ji Tata.
It was, however, only after Independence that the steel
industry was able to find a strong foothold in the country.
Excluding the Jamshedpur plant of the Tatas, all are in the
public sector and looked after by Steel Authority of India Ltd.
(SAIL).

4. SOME OTHER INDUSTRIES:
Bhilai and Bokaro Steel plant were set up with
Soviet alliance. Durgapur and Rourkela came up
with British and West German technical
expertise, respectively.

5. THE PRESENT SCENARIO OF THE INDUSTRY
India has one of the richest reserves of all the raw materials
required for the industry, namely land, capital, cheap
labour, iron ore, power, coal etc. Yet we are 4th in the world
ranking for production of steel. We produced 66.8 million
tonnes in 2010-11, while China, at the top of the
list, produced 626.7 million tonnes. Our per capita
consumption of steel in India (at 50 kg per annum) is well
below the world average (at about 200 kg per annum) and
much below that of the developed world (around 350 kg per
annum).

6. VISION 2020 OF THE STEEL INDUSTRY IN INDIA
The National Steel Policy – 2005 aims at increasing the
total steel production of the country to 110 million tonnes
per year (in 2019-20) from 38 million tonnes (in 2004-05).
This was supposed to require a compounded annual
growth of about 7.3%. The total production in 2010 was
66.8 million tonnes. The compounded annual growth from
2005 to 2010 has been more than 9% which is better than
the expected growth. But most of these are a result of the
brownfield expansion projects of the existing steel
companies. But to continue with the same growth rate, we
need new Greenfield projects.

7. INDIA’S EXPORT OF IRON AND STEEL

8. IMPORTS:
Iron & steel are freely importable as per the extant policy.
Last five year’s import of total finished steel (alloy + non alloy) is given below:-
Indian steel industry : Imports (in million tonnes)
Category 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12*
Total Finished Steel (alloy + non alloy) 7.03 5.84 7.38 6.66 6.83
Source: Joint Plant Committee; *provisional

9. TATA STEEL
Tata Steel is a top ten global steel
maker and the world’s second
most geographically diversified
steel producer.
Tata Steel was founded in India in
1907. Since 2004 the Company
has expanded globally, acquiring
Asian steel producers NatSteel
and Millennium Steel (now called
Tata Steel Thailand) as well as
Europe’s second largest steel
producer Corus (now called Tata
Steel Europe Limited).

10. Tata Steel is part of the Tata Group, India’s largest
industrial conglomerate. Both Tata and Tata Steel
have a long history of charitable donations and
social responsibility, with Tata spending
approximately 4% of the Company’s profit after
tax on corporate social responsibility initiatives.
Tata Steel endeavors to improve the quality of life in
the communities in which the Company
operates. Tata Steel’s charitable projects have
touched the lives of over 800,000 people in India.

11. FACTS ABOUT TATA STEEL
 Tata Steel is the world's 6th largest steel company.
 An existing annual crude steel capacity of 28 million tons.
 Asia's first integrated steel plant and
 India's largest integrated private sector steel company is
now the world's second most geographically diversified
steel producer.
 Tata Steel plans to grow and globalise through organic
and
inorganic routes.
 Its 5 million tonnes per annum (MTPA) Jamshedpur
Works plans to double its capacity by 2010.

12. INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
The Iron and steel Industry in India has 2separate
divisions:
 Integrated producers
 Secondary producersIntegrated Producers: Amongst the Integrated
producers, the
major producers include Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited
(TISCO), Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited (RINL) and Steel
Authority of India Limited (SAIL), who generate steel by
converting iron ore.
Secondary Producers: The Secondary producers like Ispat
Industries, Lloyds steel and Essar Steel, create steel through
the process of melting scrap iron. These are mainly small steel
plants
and produce steel in electric furnaces, using scrap and sponge

13. II WORLD WAR IMPACT ON STEEL INDUSTRIES
 During World War II, industry production
increased
 sharply because of steel's importance to war
mobilization.
Some of this increase was a result of
production returning to full capacity after
the depression.
 India pushed forward for making Iron and Steel
for
Japanese Army.
 Meanwhile, the United States controlled 60

14. THE PROBLEMS FACED BY THE INDUSTRY IN PRESENT TIMES
Many steel giants signed for opining new industries with
several state governments (especially
Jharkhand, Orissa, Chattishgarh and West Bengal) for new
projects but none of them have materialised. It has taken 5
long years for Tata Steel’s Kalinganagar (Orissa) project to
complete the rehabilitation and resettlement process. JSW’s
proposed Salboni plant (W.B) hasn’t been allotted the required
amount of land, and moreover the government, recently, took
control over about 400 acres of land bought by the company
because of a state rule that any outsider can’t buy more than
24 acres of village land. POSCO is facing massive resistance
from the natives of Jagatsinghpur (Orissa) for land acquisition
while many other steel plants are awaiting aid from the
government in terms of either land or infrastructure.

15. PROCESSING OF IRON AND STEEL
MINING
 Mining is the first step in the production of iron and steel.
 Earth is excavated deep in search of iron ore.
 Breaking and cutting of iron ore takes place to receive raw
iron.Raw Materials from the iron ore are put in a particularly hot
fire lead in the embers of the fire.
This is done to get the mixture of Iron Ore and Charcoal that
is burnt with the help of a blast of air from hand worked
bellows.

16. Conclusion :
We develop economic as well as engineering indicators for productivity
growth, technical change and energy consumption that allow us to
investigate savings potentials in specific energy use as well as carbon
dioxide emissions. We discuss our findings within a broader context of
structural and policy changes in the sector. The economic analysis shows
that productivity has been decreasing over time. The decline in productivity
was caused largely by government protection regarding prices and
distribution of steel and by inefficiencies in integrated steel plants that were
reserved to the public sector. With liberalization of the iron and steel
industry productivity increased
substantially to positive growth rates.
We further introduce cost effective and low cost potentials for reducing
energy consumption as well as carbon emissions. In comparing Indian
energy consumption to best practice energy consumption we show that
energy savings of about 50% could be achieved. However, the
implementation of initiatives towards energy efficiency is being hampered by
barriers both of general and process specific nature occurring at the macro
and micro level of the economy.

17. REFERENCES :
 business.mapsofindia.com/india-gdp/industries/iron-steel.htm - 37k
 www.fundoodata.com/industry-companies/iron-&-steel/173.h - 133k
 www.steelmint.com/ - 267k
 wiki.answers.com/Q/Where_was_the_first_iron_and_steel_indust - 73k
 www.ask.com/Iron+And+Steel+Industry

18. ANY QUESTION …