a simplified lecture for the basics of CT brain and its emergencies

4. • Adult brain is formed of:
1. Cerebral hemispheres.
2. Brain stem.
3. Cerebellum.
All are covered with meninges, floating in a
fluid (CSF) & enclosing a cavity
(ventricular system).

9. Ventricular system
Components:
● 2 lateral ventricles → inside cerebral
hemispheres.
● third ventricle.
● aqueduct of Sylvius → inside brain stem.
● fourth ventricle → inside pons & medulla
oblongata.
Foramina:
Choroid plexus:
a network of blood vessels that produce
CSF.

11. Cerebral hemisphere:
Gray matter:
 Cortex
 Ganglia/nuclei
White matter

12. BASAL GANGLIA
♣ Islands of neural cell bodies (grey matter) within the white matter.
♣ Formed of:
1- Caudate nucleus (head, body & tail).
2- Putamen.
3- Globus pallidus.
4- Amygdaloid nuclear complex (amygdala).
5- Claustrum.
Globus pallidus + Putamen = Lentiform nucleus.

24. Stroke
Hemorrhagic Ischemic

26. Blood

32. Hyperdense MCA sign

33. Lost G-W matter differentiation

34. Lost G-W matter differentiation

40. Skull Fracture/Fissure

41. Skull Fracture/Fissure

42. Intra-axial Hematoma

44. Meninges

45. Extradural Hemorrhage

46. Extradural Hemorrhage

47. Extradural Hemorrhage

48. Extradural Hemorrhage
• Convex
• Might be associated with a fissure
• Dos not cross sutures
• Less mass effect

49. Extradural Hemorrhage

50. Extradural Hemorrhage

51. Subdural Hemorrhage

52. Subdural Hemorrhage
• Concave
• Can cross sutures
• Not associated with fissure
• More mass effect

53. Subdural Hemorrhage

54. Subdural Hemorrhage

55. Subdural Hemorrhage

56. Subdural Hemorrhage

59. Dark/
Mixed
White DarkGray