timeline of the sassanid empire

1. MOHAMAD ARIF BIN MD. ZAIN 2007106125
HAFIZ AZIZUL BIN ZULKARNAIN 2006118993
SARA AMELIA BT NOORASLAN 2008409528
SASSANID EMPIRE224-651 AD
ARK 532 HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE IV

2. 200 AD 300 AD
205-310 AD ORIGINS AND EARLY
HISTORY
209 AD Ghaleh Dokhtar, or "The Maiden's Castle,“ in Fars, Iran, built by Ardashir I
before he was finally able to defeat the Parthian empire.
208 AD Over the protests of his other brothers who were put to death, Ardashir I declared himself ruler of Persis.
226-227 AD Ardashir I rebels against the Parthians
229-232 AD Zend Avesta is assembled
260 AD Sassanians capture Emperor Valerian I
241-270 AD Shapur I rules the Sassanian empire
260 AD Sassanians defeat a Roman legion
224-241 AD Ardashir I, descendant of the priest Sassan, seizes the throne of
Persia/Parthia, ends the Arsacid dynasty, and becomes the first Sassanid king with
capital in Istakhr (near Persepolis) and Zoroastrianism as the official religion
272-273 AD Hormizd I rules the Sassanian empire
273-276 AD Bahram I rules the Sassanian empire
276-293 AD Bahram II rules the Sassanian empire
293 AD Bahram III rules the Sassanian empire
293-302 AD Narseh rules the Sassanian empire
309-379 AD Shapur II rules the Sassanian empire
233 AD Ardashir I conquers Kushan
250 AD Shapur I establishes the library of Jondi
Shahpur, one of the largest in the world
225 AD Ardashir I defeats Artabanus V, last Parthian ruler, and
moves the capital to Ctesiphon
Ardashir IThe Maiden's Castle
Zend Avesta
Shapur I
Shapur I capture Roman Emperor Valerian I
256 AD The Sassanids conquer Dura Europus in Mesopotamia
298 AD The Sassanids sign a peace treaty with Rome
'Investiture of Narseh' at Naqsh-e RostamStatue of Shapur I Gold coin of Ardashir I
302-309 AD Hormizd II rules the sassanian empire

3. 300 AD 400 AD
309-379 AD FIRST GOLDEN ERA
309-379 AD Reign of Shapur II, Sassania
353-358 AD Sassania campaigns against the Chionite Huns
363 AD The Sassanid king Shapur II defeats the Roman emperor Julian and recapture Nisibis and Armenia
At the center of the circular city of Firuzabad
was the spiral fire temple tower, the
architectural precedent of the great spiral of
the Great Mosque of Samarra in Iraq.
Gold coin of Shapur II
The Firuzabad fire templeFiruzabad in aerial view Falak-ol-Aflak Castle in ancient times was known as Dežbār as well as Shāpūr-Khwāst
Under Shapur II's reign the collection of the Avesta was completed, heresy and apostasy punished, and the Christians
persecuted. The Avesta is the primary collection of sacred texts of Zoroastrianism, composed in the Avestan language
Shapur II was successful in the east, and the great town Nishapur in Khorasan (eastern Parthia) was founded by him.
Silver plate showing Shapur II hunting a
deer whilst riding a stag.
Manuscript portion of the Zend Avesta,
the Zoroastrian scripture.

4. 300 AD 400 AD 500 AD
379-498 AD INTERMEDIATE ERA
420-422 AD Sassanian war with Rome
483 AD Edict of Toleration granted to Christians
388-399 AD Bahram IV rules the Sassanian empire
383-388 AD Shapur III rules the Sassanian empire
379-383 AD Ardashir II rules the Sassanian empire
491 AD Armenian Church repudiates the Council of Chalce
399-420 AD Yazdgard I rules the Sassanian empire
420-438 AD Bahram V rules the Sassanian empire
438-457 AD Yazdgard II rules the Sassanian empire
457-459 AD Hormizd III rules the Sassanian empire
488-497 AD Kavad I rules the Sassanian empire
459-484 AD Peroz rules the Sassanian empire
484-488 AD Balash rules the Sassanian empire
497-499 AD Zamasp rules the Sassanian empire
381 AD Bahram IV begins another Romano-Persian war. After initial success, the Persians
are pushed back across the Danube by a young Roman general named Symmachus
High relief at Taq e Bostan of the
investiture of Ardashir II
Sarvestan Palace built by Bahram V
Image of Shapur III on a coin minted during his reign.
Silver coin of Bahram V with fire temple on its
verso
379 AD Shapur II died after conquering Arabia and reaching the border with China
Yazdgird I
Bas relief near Kermanshah
representing Shapur II and Shapur III
Ancient Iranians attached great
importance to music and poetry, as they
still do today. This 7th century plate
depicts musicians from the Sassanid era.
Sassanid silver vase featuring
wine harvest decorations

5. 400 AD 500 AD 600 AD
498-622 AD SECOND GOLDEN ERA
540 AD Sassania sacks Antioch
622 AD Emperor Heraclius of
Byzantium invades Sassania
614 AD Sassanians capture Damascus and
Jerusalem from Byzantium
533 AD Treaty of Endless Peace with Rome
531-579 AD Khusrau I (Chosroes I) rules the Sassanian empire
590-628 AD Khusrau II (Chosroes II) rules the Sassanian empire
579-590 AD Hormizd IV rules the Sassanian empire
560 AD The Sassanid king Khusro I builds the Palace of the Great Arch in Ctsiphon
590-591 AD Bahram VI rules the Sassanian empire
499-531 AD Kavad I (restored) rules the Sassanian empire
579 AD The Sassanid king Khusro I dies
590 AD The Sassanid king Khusro II
launches a new attack against Byzantium
Simorgh found in Khusrau fort
619 AD The Sassanids capture Jerusalem
from Byzantium
Palace of the Great Arch in Ctsiphon built by Khusro I at 560
AD
Palace of the Great Arch in Ctsiphon in present day
Sassanid silk twill textile of a Simurgh in a
beaded surround, 6–7th century.
Example of sassanid empire stucco works
Egyptian woven pattern woolen curtain or
trousers, which was a copy of a Sassanid
silk import, which was in turn based on a
fresco of King Khosrau II fighting Axum
Ethiopian forces in Yemen, 5–6th century
Irano-Roman floor mosaic detail from the
palace of Shapur I at Bishapur in Iran.
Silver coin of Kavad II

6. 600 AD 700 AD
622-651 AD
DECLINE AND
FALL ERA
627 AD Heraclius of Byzantium defeats a Sassanian army
637 AD Capital of Sassania, falls to Muslim attack
633 AD Muslims invade Iraq
628 AD Kravad II rules the Sassanian empire
622 AD Emperor Heraclius of Byzantium invades Sassania
642 AD Persian army destroyed at Nehawand
642 AD Muslim invasions end the Sassanian empire
628-630 AD Ardashir III rules the Sassanian empire
630 AD Shahrbaraz rules the Sassanian empire
630-631 AD Boran rules the Sassanian empire
632-651 AD Yazdgard III rules the Sassanian empire
631-632 AD Azarmedukht rules the Sassanian empire
651 AD Arab conquest of Sassanid Empire
632 AD The Sassanid queen Purandokht signs a peace treaty with Byzantium
636 AD The Arabs capture Ctesiphon, the last Sassanid
is assassinated in Merv and the Sassanid empire ends
632 AD Abu Bakr, one of Mohammed's followers and the first Muslim
caliph ("prophet's successor"), quells upheavals throughout Arabia and
declares war on the Roman and Persian (Sassanid) empires
623 AD Byzantine troops destroy the fire temples of Persia
(in revenge for the Persian desecration of Jerusalem)
626 AD The Sassanids besiege Byzantium
627 AD The Sassanid king Khusrau II is defeated by
Roman emperor Heraclius at Niniveh
628 AD Khusrau II is assassinated by his troops while
the Romans retake Syria from the Sassanids
Kavad II
Coin of Yazdgard III
KhosrouII Defeated by Heraclius Roman Emperor
(Roman drawing In Constantinopolis)
Sassanid army helmet
Darband castle a Sassanid fortress in
modern
Sassanian Cavalry in Full Armour riding through
the wars. The Sassanian Knights are said to have
inspired the European Knights of the Middle Ages
particularly in the use of mail in their Armour.
Sassanid vase with four
dancers. Gilded silver

7. REFERENCE
•Iran Chamber Society (History of Iran)
•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sassanid
•http://www.timelines.info/history/empires_and_civilizations/islamic_empires/sassanid_dynasty/
•http://ancienthistory.about.com/library/bl/bl_time_persianempirekings2.htm
•http://www.alternatehistory.com/Discussion/showthread.php?t=124167
•http://www.scaruffi.com/politics/persians.html
•http://www.flickr.com/photos/30791560@N00/2492762054/
•http://iranianidentity.blogspot.com/2008_05_01_archive.html
•http://www.cais-soas.com/CAIS/Geography/firuzabad.htm
•http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_architecture
SASSANID ARCHITECTURAL STYLE
General
•Oblong square plan
•Comprises a court near the building
•Circular base dome
•Semi circular arches
•Panels showanimal figures
•Spiral tower
•Massive walls of brick decorated with molded or carved stucco
Materials
Available building materials dictate major forms in traditional Iranian architecture. Heavy clays, readily available at various places throughout the plateau, have
encouraged the development of the most primitive of all building techniques, molded mud, compressed as solidly as possible, and allowed to dry. This technique
used in Iran from ancient times has never been completely abandoned. The abundance of heavy plastic earth, in conjunction with a tenacious lime mortar, also
facilitated the development of the brick.
Geometry
Iranian architecture makes use of abundant symbolic geometry, using pure forms such as the circle and square, and plans are based on often symmetrical
layouts featuring rectangular courtyards and halls.
Design
Certain design elements of Persian architecture have persisted throughout the history of Iran. The most striking are a marked feeling for scale and a discerning
use of simple and massive forms. The consistency of decorative preferences, the high-arched portal set within a recess, columns with bracket capitals, and
recurrent types of plan and elevation can also be mentioned. Through the ages, these elements have recurred in completely different types of buildings
constructed for various programs and under the patronage of a long succession of rulers.
The columned porch, or talar, seen in the rock-cut tombs near Persepolis, reappear in Sassanid temples, and in late Islamic times it was used as the portico of a
palace or mosque, and adapted even to the architecture of roadside tea-houses. Similarly, the gonbad on four arches, so characteristic of Sassanid times, is a still
to be found in many cemeteries and Imamzadehs across Iran today. The notion of earthly towers reaching up toward the sky to mingle with the divine towers of
heaven lasted through the 19th century, while the interior court and pool, the angled entrance and extensive decoration are ancient but still common features of
Iranian architecture
Herzfeld's depiction of Persian
architectural column typology.
Models of Adobe Ceramic
maquette of a tower (dated 13th
century BCE) in their work.
Excavated at Chogha Zanbil, Iran.
The ruins of Persepolis,
approximately 2500 years old.