This is Cognition and Learning related to education

1. COGNITION
 Highly evolved functions of brain different from
animals.
 Different meanings in different sciences.
 Ability to know.

2. COMPONENTS
 1. Conscious status.
 2. Attention
 3. Orientation
 4. Speech and Language
 5. Memory

3. NON COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS
 1. Appearance and Behaviour
 2. Mood and thought process
 3. Perceptions
 4. Abstracting ability
 5. Judgment and Insight

4. CONSCIOUSNESS
 Means remaining awake and being interested in what
is happening.
 Major brain and brain stem maintain arousal and
consciousness.

5. ATTENTION
 Capacity to direct and maintain ones focus on matters
of particular interest.
 Sustained attention – Concentration.

6. ORIENTATION
 1. Understanding oneself.
 2. Time
 3. Place
 4. Person
 5. Situation

7. SPEECH AND LANGUAGE
 1. COMPREHENSION - Understanding
 2. REPETITION – Repeating what others say
 3. EXPRESSION – Spontaneously writing and speaking

8. LANGUAGE AREAS

9. DOMINANCE OF BRAIN
 1. Language functions in left hemisphere
 2. Very rarely in right hemisphere
 3. Language hemisphere – Dominant hemisphere

10. AUDIO VISUAL
 1. Language and learning are inter related
 2. Audio visual – Verbal and Visual
 3. All 3 components share A & V

11. LEXICON
 Word dictionary.

12. LANGUAGE AREAS

13.  1. Understanding Lecture.
 2. Understanding books
 3. Reading silently
 4. Reading aloud
 5. Writing spontaneously
 6. Writing to dictations
 7. Speaking spontaneously
 8. Answering specific questions

14. NON DOMINANT LANGUAGE
 1. Stress on a word
 2. Contextual meaning
 3. Prosody of speech
 4. Emotional aspects of speech

16. MEMORY
 Capacity to acquire, store and retrieve information.

17.  Multiple systems and processes with different
functional roles and anatomical substrates.

18. BRAIN LOBES

19. TYPES OF MEMORY
 1. Short term
 2. Long term

20. TYPES OF MEMORY
 1. Procedural memory
 2. Declarative Memory
 a) Semantic
 b) Episodic

21. PROCEDURAL MEMORY

22. SHORT TERM MEMORY
 1. Learnt form of memory
 2. Limited amount of information
 3. Brief period of time
 4. Working memory

23. WORKING MEMORY
 High functional role in every day life
 Writing under dictation
 Understanding and producing speech.
 Manipulating mental images

24. WORKING MEMORY
 1. Activates and manipulates information stored in
long term memory.
 2. Updates information

25. WORKING MEMORY
 1. Inhibition of unwanted information
 2. Selective attention to desired information

26. WORKING MEMORY
 1. Does complex processing tasks.
 2. Coordinate verbal and visuospatial stores.

27. WORKING MEMORY
 Independent verbal system
 2. Independent visuospatial system
 3. Integrating system called central executive

28. EPISODIC MEMORY
 1. Memory linked to time and period
 2. Memory related to events.
 3. Buying a new dress, from a particular store for a
particular function.

29. PROCESSING OF MEMORY
 1. Encoding
 2. Storing
 3. Retrieving

30. ENCODING
 The process that converts a stimulus or an event into
mnesic trace.

31. ENCODING
 Strength of Encoding depends on depth of processing
performed.
 Semantic processing and cognitive elaboration of
information reinforces its strength.
 Positively influences subsequent retrieval.
 Then consolidated and stored in long term memory.

32. STORAGE
 The process of keeping the encoded information
secure in brain for future use.

34. RETRIEVAL
 The process of reactivating information from long
term memory.

35. RETRIEVAL
 Free recall
 Cued recall
 Recognition

36. FREE RECALL
 Ability to retrieve information actively from memory
 Eg. What is the capital of Maharastra - Mumbai

37. CUED RECALL
 Retrieval of information facilitated by cues.
 Who is the PM assasinated by Body guards?
 She is daughter of Nehru, Mrs.Indira Gandhi.

38. RECOGNITION
 1. The capacity to acknowledge that an information has
previous been encountered.
 2. What is Joules constant
 3. I know there is a Joules constant but not able to re-
collect what is it

39. SITE OF MEMORY
 Dominant – Verbal
 Non dominant – Visuospatial

40. NONDOMINANT HEMISPHERE
 1. Musical Memory
 2. Visuospatial Memory
 3. Geographical Memory

41. IMPROVING MEMORY
 Using mnemonics.
 Using tricks.
 Improving life styles--sleep

43. INTELLIGENCE
 Aggregate of global capacity of an individual, to act
purposefully, think rationaly and to deal effectively
with his environment.

44. INTELLIGENCE
 Depends on many cognitive functions and the activity
of whole brain.

45. CREATIVITY
 Depends on multiple modality based intelligence
 Non dominant hemisphere
 Over development of highly evolved associative areas
of brain

46. NON SCHOLASTIC PERFORMANCE
 CURIOSITY
 READYNESS TO LEARN
 INTEREST
 PERSISTENCE
 AMBITION
 MOTIVATION
 PROPERTY VARY FROM PERSON TO PERSON
 NOT MEASURES OF INTELLIGENCE

47. POOR SCHOLASTIC PERFORMANCE
 Poor inherited intelligence
 Disorder of Brain
 Identify noncognitive skills
 Use procedural memory

48. RIGHT HEMISPHERE

49. RIGHT HEMISPHERE
 Dominant in perception and identification of
environmental and non verbal sounds.
 Analysis of geometric and visual space
 Depth perception 3 D

50. RIGHT HEMISPHERE
 Comprehension and expression of prosodic, melodic,
visual, facial and verbal emotion.

51. RIGHT HEMISPHERE
 Creativity
 Imagination
 Holistic activity
 Arts(motor skills)
 Rhythm of Music

52. RIGHT HEMISPHERE
 Thinks nonverbaly
 Feelings
 Visualisation
 Tones of songs
 Day dreaming

53. LEFT HEMISPHERE
 Logic
 Analysis
 Sequential
 Linear
 Maths

54. LEFT HEMISPHERE
 Language
 Facts
 Thinks in words
 Words of songs
 Competitive

55. LEFT VS RIGHT
 Left hemispherical speech unempathetic and
mechanical; right shows emotion.
 Left synthesizes over time; right over space.
 Left concentrates on conceptual similarities; right over
visual similarities.
 Left codes in terms of language; right in terms of
images.
 Left shows selective and sequential attention;right
shows sustained attention.

56. LEFT VS RIGHT
 Left analyses in sequential way focusing on words like
solving a maths problem step by step.
 Right focuses on whole image and processes
information in imaginative and simultaneous way.
 Left is like a serial processor of a computer; right is like
a parallel processor.

57. LEFT VS RIGHT

58. LEFT VS RIGHT
 LEFT RIGHT
 Logical Random
 Rational Holistic
 Analytical Imaginative
 Objective Subjective
 Looks parts Looks details
 Serial Parallel

59. RIGHT & LEFT
 Digital brain Left
 Reading, writing, calculating and analysis
 Right Analogue Brain
 3D size, creativity, arts

60. IDENTIFICATION
 Left hemisphere dominant student like to work alone
 Finds interest in research and analysis
 Writing Paper
 Interested in details.
 Studies object part by part.

61. RIGHT HEMISPHERE STUDENT
 Work in company
 Students in class room
 Enjoy art projects
 Interested in hands on activity

62. GIVING DIRECTION
 Left hemisphere
 Go straight 2kms turn to right and then left, go straight
for 2kms, turn right and then right and go straight.

63. GIVING DIRECTION
 Right hemisphere
 Go straight, identify Nellaiappar temple, cross RMKV,
Tower and VOC ground.

64. LEFT TEACHING
 Write an outline on board. Sequences
 Conduct lectures Verbal dependent
 Vocabulary crosswords Verbal
 Discuss in detail Likes concepts
 Individual assignments Likes to work alone
 Research paper Likes analysis
 Quite room Dislike distraction

65. RIGHT TEACHING
 No outlines Not analytical
 Study guide Visual clues
 OHPS, slides Visual comprehension
 Group discussion Learns in company
 Project work Good at arts
 Maps & graphs Visuospatial skills
 A picture worth thousand words.

66. Whole brain teaching better than stereotyped one.
Incorporating right hemispherical skills which are less
utilized may help studentS learn better.

67.  Working memory is essential for new learning.
 Learned matter needs to be retained for longtime to
improve performance.
 This needs deeper encoding.

68.  Deeper encoding and stronger consolidation needs
repetitive reading.
 Semantic processing and cognitive eloboration i e
eloborate reading and understanding of factual
knowledge improves encoding and thus learning.

69. Repeatedly doing a thing or reading makes the recall
easier one and makes it reflexive like a number table.

70.  Cognitive skills become basics of learning and proper
utilization of them leads to success.

71. THANKYOU