1. Parts & Functions of a Computer

2. Functions of a Computer
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3. Binary Communication Between
Hardware and Software
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4. PC Hardware Components
• Outside computer case: input/output devices
• Inside the case: processing and storage
– CPU – most important component
• Requirements of a hardware device
– Method for CPU to communicate with it
– Software to instruct and control it
– Electricity to power it
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5. Hardware Used for Input and Output
• Connects to computer case by ports (eg,
serial, parallel, USB, game, keyboard, mouse)
• Popular input devices:
– Keyboard
– Mouse
• Popular output devices:
– Monitor
– Printer
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6. Ports
Physical Interface between a computer and another
computers or devices
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7. Input Devices
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8. Output Devices
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9. Hardware Inside the Case
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10. Motherboard Components
• Processing • Communication with
– CPU (most important) other devices
– Chip set – Traces
• Temporary storage – Expansion slots
– RAM – System clock
– Cache memory • Programming/setup
• Electrical system data
– Power supply – Flash ROM
connections – CMOS setup chip
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11. The Motherboard
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12. The Motherboard (continued)
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13. The CPU
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14. The Chip Set
• Controls most activities on the motherboard
• Includes several device controllers
– USB controller
– Memory controller
– IDE controller
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15. The Chip Set (continued)
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16. Storage Devices
• Temporary (primary storage, or memory)
– Temporarily holds data and instructions while
processing them
– Faster to access than permanent storage
• Permanent (secondary storage)
– Data and instructions must be copied into
primary storage (RAM) for processing
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17. Primary and Secondary Storage
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18. Primary Storage Devices
• Memory, or RAM, located on motherboard
and other circuit boards
– Volatile versus nonvolatile (or ROM) memory
• Types of boards that hold memory chips
– SIMMs
– DIMMs
– RIMMs
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19. RAM Chips
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20. Types of RAM Modules
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21. Secondary Storage Devices
• Hard drives
• CD-ROM drives
• DVD drives
• Zip drives
• Floppy drives
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22. Hard Drive
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23. EIDE Technology
• Used by most hard drives, CD-ROM drives, and
DVD drives
• Can accommodate up to four EIDE devices on
one system
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24. IDE Connectors on a Motherboard
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25. IDE Connectors on a Motherboard
(continued)
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26. IDE Connectors on a Motherboard
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27. Hard Drive’s Power Supply
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28. Floppy Drive Connection
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29. Floppy Drive Connection (continued)
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30. CD-ROM Drive Connection
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31. Motherboard Components Used for
Communication Among Devices
• The data bus
– bus is a subsystem that transfers data between
computer components inside a computer or
between computers
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32. Data Bus
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33. System Clock
Closely related to system time is process
time, which is a count of the total CPU time
consumed by an executing process.
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34. Clock Speed
• Of motherboard
– Measured in megahertz (MHz)
• Of CPU
– Measured in gigahertz (GHz)
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35. Expansion Slots
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36. Types of Expansion Slots
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37. Interface (Expansion) Cards
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38. Interface (Expansion) Cards (continued)
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39. The Electrical System
• Power supply
– Most important component of computer’s
electrical system
– Converts/reduces electricity to voltage the
computer can handle
– Runs a fan directly from electrical output voltage
to cool inside of computer case
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40. The Electrical System (continued)
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41. The Electrical System (continued)
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42. Instructions Stored on the
Motherboard
• ROM BIOS (most are flash ROM)
– System BIOS
– Startup BIOS
– CMOS setup
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43. ROM BIOS Chip
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44. Motherboard Configuration Settings
• CMOS chip
– Stores setup (configuration) information
– Powered by a battery on motherboard when
power is off
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45. Summary
• Introduction to hardware components of a
computer system
• Initial insight into how hardware works
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