2. Organic Grains
• More financial return per pound
• Reduced yields up to 30% depending on species
• High demand in specialty food markets, organic feed and
brewing/distilling
• Heirloom and heritage varieties can be best suited
• Need for seed saving- sourcing usually requires doing your own
increases
3. Grains
• Seed plants used for food
• Cereal grains- seeds that come from grasses
• Wheat, oats, barley, millet, rye, corn, sorghum, rice, triticale
• Pseudo-cereal grains- seeds that come from non-grasses
• Buckwheat, amaranth, quinoa
4. Wheat
• Bread wheat- Triticum vulgare
• Hard- more protein, more gluten- breads
• Soft- lower protein- cakes
• All-purpose flour is a blend of hard and soft wheats
• Durum wheat- Triticum durum
• Pasta and semolina
• “Ancient Grains”- spelt, emmer (farro), einkorn, kamut
• Niche wheat-based food products- generally with higher protein content,
differences in gluten (Spelt is gluten-free), and higher amounts of
micronutrients
• Farm Products- whole grain, seed, flour, farina, bran
8. Barley- 2 row vs 6 row
• Refers to the number of seed rows in
the inflorescense
• 2 row- less protein and carbs
• 6 row- more protein and carbs, higher
enzyme concentration
• 6 is more common in American
brewing, 2 in European brewing
9. Sorghum
• Sorghum bicolor
• Sugar, seed and broom types
• Colors of yellow, red, black, brown, purple
• Grows well in poor soil and infrequent water
• Traditionally southern
• Farm products- syrup, whole grain, seed, flour, brewing products
11. Corn
• Zea mays
• Native to North America
• Flint- hard seed coat, low water content, variety of colors (Indian
corn)
• Dent- kernels have a ‘dent’, softer, most common food product corn
in US
• Popcorn- high moisture expands kernel when heated
• Farm products- whole grain, seed, meal, flour, grits, popcorn
17. Organic Seed Sources
• Biggest issue is buying commercial quantity
• Buy open-pollinated so you can save your own!
• Seed Savers Exchange
• Johnny’s Selected Seeds
• Sustainable Seed Company
• Grow Organic
• Heirloom Organics
18. Variety Considerations
• Corn and sorghum are easily sourced for the South
• Bloody Butcher corn is a great starting place
• Sand Mountain Sorghum has been most successful for us
• Consider modifying northern grain planting schedules
• A spring wheat from North Dakota can be a winter wheat in the South
• We grow Glenn Hard Red Spring Wheat as a winter wheat in NC
• Talk to your Universities for state-specific varieties
• Experiment with your own variety trial before to committing to
quantities
• Look for naturally resistant varieties to support Organic production
• Taylor variety selection to match the highest yield robbing factors
19. Equipment
• Ground prep-
• Traditional Tillage- plow, disc, tiller or just a spader
• No-till- crimper, sprayer, mower
• Seeding- grain drill or no-till drill
• Harvest- combine- pull type (Allis Chalmers All Crop or International)
or driven
• For corn, you will need a corn head and a sheller, or a dedicated corn picker
• Biggest question is cost- no till equipment is more expensive up front
26. Cleaning
• Commercial seed cleaning equipment- A.R. McKay, Clipper
• Storage totes- bag totes, bins etc.
• Bag sewer
27. Storage
• Freezer and refrigeration facilities
• Freeze seed before storing under refrigeration or in vacuum sealed
bags
• Seed quantities for replanting can be stored in cool, dry space on
pallets to allow for placement of traps