1. Benefits and Harms of Genetic Modification HrachyaHakobian Sharath Reddy IB Biology Period 1

2. 4.4.10 Discuss the potential benefits and possible harmful effects of one example of genetic modification.

4. Modified Lab Mouse Used for Cancer Research

5. Xenotransplantation

6. Transplant of tissues from one species to another.

7. Modified for human acceptance

8. GMO’s

9. Genetically Modified Organisms

10. Both animals and crops modified to be less susceptible to disease, have higher yields, etc.

11. Biofuel CreationExamples of Genetic Modification

12. Able to create transgenic plants by genetically engineering them to: Be More Resistant to extreme conditions Drought, High Salinity Have a higher yield Have a heightened nutritional value Modified Using Cloning Vector Ti Plasmid Genetically Modified Crops

13. There are almost a billion people on Earth who suffer from malnutrition. More than 40,000 dying every day from nutritional deficiencies. Because water and the amount of arable land are the limiting factors, scientists must find a way to increase “productivity” of the same amount of land. The answer to this problem is the commercial use of transgenic crops in agriculture. Benefits of Genetically Modified Crops

14. Disease Resistance Transgenic papayas resistant to ring spot virus introduced into Hawaii, saved industry. Giving a greater crop yield in the same amount of farmland Indian cotton yield has increased by over 60% due to GM crops Providing Nutrients within the food “Golden Rice” was developed to prevent blindness by having more beta-carotene, a precursor to Vitamin A Decrease the need for Chemical Fertilizer Some plants have been genetically engineered with Bt Toxin, a protein toxic to most insects, yet harmless to humans 4 Main Benefits

15. Examples of GM Crops

16. Environment Hazards Harm Food Web Cross Pollination Reduced Pesticide Resistance Human Health Risks Bacteria will become more resistant to antibiotics Allergenicity Regulatory Problems Economic Integration Challenging Process Puts poorer farmers at risk Complex Trade Harmful Effects of Genetically Modified Crops

18. Economic:

19. Suicide Genes, Produces Sterile Seeds

20. Human Health:

21. Guidelines preventing exposure to and transport of bacteria.

22. Genetically “Crippled”

23. Allergenicity:

25. Artificial Selection Selective breeding of plants and animals Religious/Lifestyle Principles Vegetarians Kosher Ethical Questions “Human intelligence should not undertake such a venture without sincere acknowledgment of its own limitations and full appreciation of the complexity and majesty of God's design.” - Alliance for Bio-Integrity

27. "Genetically Engineered Crops Benefit Many Farmers, but the Technology Needs Proper Management to Remain Effective, Report Suggests." Science Daily: News & Articles in Science, Health, Environment & Technology. Web. 01 Mar. 2011. <http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/04/100413112058.htm>.

28. "Genetically Modified Foods and Organisms --HGP Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues." Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Web. 01 Mar. 2011. <http://www.ornl.gov/sci/techresources/Human_Genome/elsi/gmfood.shtml>.

29. "Genetically Modified Foods: Harmful or Helpful?" CSA. Web. 01 Mar. 2011. <http://www.csa.com/discoveryguides/gmfood/overview.php>.

30. "PBS - Harvest of Fear: Should We Grow Gm Crops?: Full Arguments." PBS: Public Broadcasting Service. Web. 01 Mar. 2011. <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/harvest/exist/arguments.html>.

31. "Releasing Genetically Modified Organisms: Will Any Harm Outweigh Any Advantage?* - Beringer - 2001 - Journal of Applied Ecology." Wiley Online Library. Web. 01 Mar. 2011. <http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2000.00502.x/full>.Works Cited