6. To represent data using Pareto charts, time
series graphs, and pie graphs.
7. A Pareto chart is used to represent a
frequency distribution for a categorical
variable and the frequencies are displayed by
the heights of vertical bars, which are
arranged in order from highest to lowest.
9. Make bars same width
Arrange data from largest to smallest
according to frequency
Make the units that are used for frequency
equal in size
10. A time series graph represents data that
occur over a specific period of time.
Procedure
◦ Draw and label the x and y axes
◦ Label the x axis for the independent variable
◦ Label the y axis for the dependent variable
◦ Plot each point according the table
◦ Draw line segments connecting adjacent points
(don’t use a curve).
12. Two lines are used to compare two sets of
data on the same graph
13. Purpose: To show the relationship of the
parts to the whole.
Defn: A pie graph is a circle that is divided
into sections or wedges according to the
percentage of frequencies in each category of
the distribution.
14. Step 1: Convert the frequency for each class into
a proportional part of the circle. Use
All degrees should sum to 360.
Step 2: Convert each frequency to a percentage.
Use
Step 3: Use a protractor and a compass to draw
the graph using the appropriate degree measures
found in step 1 and label each section with the
appropriate name and percentage found in step
2.
360
frequency
Degrees
sumoffrequencies
100
enciessumoffrequ
frequency
Percentage
15. Changing units at the starting point on the y
axis (see p. 70)
Exaggerating a one-dimensional increase by
showing it in two dimensions (see p. 72)
Omitting labels or units on the axes
16. Objective: To draw and interpret a stem and
leaf plot.
Defn: A stem and leaf plot is a data plot that
uses part of the data value as the stem and
part of the data value as the leaf to form
groups or classes.
17. Arrange the data in order
Separate the data according to the first digit
Use leading digit as stem and trailing digit(s)
as the leaf
19. Compares related sets of data – digits that
are used for the leaves are arranged in order
out from the stems on both sides
Example
Atlanta Philadelphia
9 8 6 2 5
8 6 4 4 2 2 2 2 2 1 3 0 0 0 0 2 2 3 4 6 6 6 8 8 9 9
7 4 4 4 0 0 4 0 0 0 0
5 3 2 2 0 0 5 0 3 4 8
3 0 6 1
0 7
20. pp. 77-79 #1, 7, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17
Bonus Projects:
1. p. 84 (TI-83 Plus)
2. p. 84 Excel (Pie Chart)
3. P. 84 Excel (Pareto Chart)
4. P. 85 Excel (Time Series Plot)