2.  Liberal faiths like Deism and Unitarianism
arose in the 1700s.
 Wave of religious revivals spread.
 Many sects created.
 Religion was now feminized.
 Peter Cartwright and Charles Grandison
Finney.

4.  Different Classes = Different Religions
 Episcopalians, Presbyterians, Congregationalists
from wealthy levels of society.
 Methodists, Baptists spawned from less properous.
 Foreshadowed Civil War
 Burned-Over Districts

5.  Aka Christians of Latter-Day Saints
 Joseph Smith/Brigham Young
 Faced opposition
 Settled in present-day Utah
 Infamous for polygamy

6.  Through taxes
 Inefficient
 Male-dominated
 Curriculum (Three R’s)
 Teachers—not paid well, ill-tempered

7.  Horace Mann—better houses and teachers
 Webster
 William McGuffey
 Ideas about morality, patriotism, and idealism
 Due to the Second Great Awakening, liberal
arts colleges established.
 Ivy Leagues offered math, Latin, Greek.
 Universities in South.

8.  Criminal codes softened
 Idea that prisons should not punish but “fix”
people.
 Leads to penitentiaries.
 Dorothea Dix
 Gave reports on asylums

10.  Before: excessive alcohol; affect factories
 American Temperance Society
 1826, Boston
 Cold Water Army
 Sign pledges
 Wasn’t elimination as much as temperance
 Maine Law of 1851 (Neal S. Dow)

12.  Before 19th
century, women had few rights.
 Lucretia Mott
 Elizabeth Cady Stanton
 Susan B. Anthony
 Elizabeth Blackwell

13.  Woman’s Rights Convention at Seneca Falls
 Stanton’s Declaration of Sentiments
 Overshadowed by Civil War
 Started permitting rights (college, marriage)

14.  Came from Enlightenment
 Several Experiments
 New Harmony (Robert Owen)
 Brook Farm
 Oneida Community
 Shakers

15.  Science: Americans were better with inventions
than experiments.
 Jefferson—plow
 Bowditch—navigation
 Maury—ocean winds
 Silliman—chemist and geologist
 Asa Gray—botanist
 Audobon—ornithologist
 Medicine—not there yet; we still bleed to cure

16.  Art:
 Greek and Roman entry
 Jefferson—an architect
 Gilbert Stuary—a portrait artist
 Hudson River School—landscape art
 Music—”darky”; capture spirit of slaves

17.  1830s
 Less about reason and mind; truth transcends
the senses
 Ralph Waldo Emerson
 Henry David Thoreau
 Transcendentalist Policy:
• Give freedom to the slave.
• Give well-being to the poor and the miserable.
• Give learning to the ignorant.
• Give health to the sick.
• Give peace and justice to society.