Sp2010 chapter 5 old

Cell Activities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Transport Mechanisms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Transport Mechanisms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Transport Mechanisms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Passive Transport Mechanisms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Passive Transport Mechanisms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Passive Transport Mechanisms ,[object Object]

Passive Transport Mechanisms ,[object Object],[object Object]

Passive Transport Mechanisms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Isotonic isotonic A=0.9% solutes B=0.9% solutes

Passive Transport Mechanisms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],hypertonic hypotonic A=10% solutes B=0.9% solutes

Passive Transport Mechanisms ,[object Object],This is a U shaped tube with a membrane inside, at the bottom of the U, separating side A from side B. membrane

Passive Transport Mechanisms ,[object Object],Side A has a concentration of 10% purple molecules (the blue dots are water). Side B has a concentration of 20% purple molecules. A is hypotonic to B. B is hypertonic to A.

Passive Transport Mechanisms ,[object Object],Since side B is the “saltier” side, water moves from side A to side B

Passive Transport Mechanisms ,[object Object],The solution level in side B rises while the solution level in side A drops.

Passive Transport Mechanisms ,[object Object],When a blood cell is placed into a solution with a concentration of 0.9% salt, the solutions inside and outside of the cell are isotonic to each other. Water moves into and out of the cell at an equal rate. The cell is not affected by this solution. It remains normal and functional .

Passive Transport Mechanisms ,[object Object],0.9% 0.9%

Passive Transport Mechanisms ,[object Object],When a blood cell is placed in a 10% salt solution, the outside solution is hypertonic to the solution inside the cell. The solution inside the cell is hypotonic to the outside solution. Water will move out of the cell at a faster rate than it moves into the cell.

Passive Transport Mechanisms ,[object Object],The cell shrinks as it loses water. Finally, the cell collapses . This collapse is called crenation . In this form, the cell can no longer function and will die.

Passive Transport Mechanisms ,[object Object],0.9% 10%

Passive Transport Mechanisms ,[object Object],0.9% D.I. water

Passive Transport Mechanisms ,[object Object],.

Passive Transport Mechanisms ,[object Object],Should you look for this cell under the microscope, you would only find little bits of membrane, or, more likely, nothing at all.

Passive Transport Mechanisms ,[object Object],In general, the size of the cell does not change because the cell wall is rigid and does not collapse. However, in this condition, the cells have no pressure to hold up the leaves of the plant . It wilts.

Passive Transport Mechanisms ,[object Object],The cell does not rupture because the cell wall is rigid and creates an opposing pressure that equalizes with the osmotic pressure.

Active Transport Mechanisms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Active Transport Mechanisms ,[object Object]

Active Transport Mechanisms ,[object Object],ATP ATP

Active Transport Mechanisms ,[object Object],ADP + P ADP + P

Active Transport Mechanisms ,[object Object],[object Object]

Active Transport Mechanisms ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Active Transport Mechanisms ,[object Object],ATP ADP + P ADP + P

Transport by Vacuole ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Transport by Vacuole ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Transport by Vacuole ,[object Object],[object Object]

Transport by Vacuole ,[object Object]

Transport by Vacuole ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Transport by Vacuole ,[object Object],Y Y Y Y Y

[object Object],[object Object]

Energy and the Cell ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Energy and the Cell ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Energy and the Cell ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Energy and the Cell ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Chemical Reactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Chemical Reactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],+ anabolic catabolic mixed + + +

Chemical Reactions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],enzyme Substrates are converted to product with the help of the enzyme +

Enzymes Enzyme at the start of the reaction Unchanged Enzyme at the end of the reaction

Metabolic Pathway ,[object Object],[object Object],+ + + A + B F + G D + E C

Metabolic Pathway ,[object Object],Enz 1 Enz 2 Enz 3 + + + A + B F + G D + E C

Metabolic Pathway ,[object Object],If Enzyme 3 is present, D will be converted to F and G the original pathway will be completed with these final products. But if Enzyme 4 is present D will be converted to W and X and the alternate pathway will occur, resulting in the final products Y and Z. Enz 4 Enz 5 Enz 1 Enz 2 Enz 3 + + + A + B F + G D + E C + W + X Y + Z +

Enzymes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Enzymes ,[object Object],Apoenzyme = protein part of the enzyme Coenzyme (organic) or cofactor (inorganic) = non-protein part of the enzyme Active Site = where the substrate fits into the enzyme Allosteric site = where the enzyme is activated or deactivated enzyme

Enzymes ,[object Object],[object Object]

Enzymes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Enzymes ,[object Object],Inactive enzyme activator substrate

Enzymes ,[object Object],activated enzyme activator substrate

Enzymes Example of negative allosterism

Enzymes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],How an Enzyme Works

Enzymes ,[object Object],[object Object],How an Enzyme Works

Enzymes ,[object Object],Minimal temperature Maximal temperature Functional range

Enzymes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Temperature in o C Temperature Profile for various enzymes

Enzymes ,[object Object],Minimal pH Maximal pH Functional range

Enzymes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Mechanical Activities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Mechanical Activities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Mechanical Activities ,[object Object]

Sp2010 chapter 5 old

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