Lower Secondary Biology

1. Cell Structure & Organisation

6. Cells White Blood Cells Red Blood Cells

7. Cells Embryonic Stem Cells

8. Other Examples of Cells Amoeba Proteus Plant Stem Red Blood Cell Nerve Cell Bacteria

12. Animal and Plant Cells Animal Cell Plant Cell Cell Structure and Function: http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/keystage3.aspx?id=63

13. Animal Cell

14. Animal Cell

22. Label and identify the diagram Pop Quiz! A B C D F E

23. Plant Cell Plant Cells: http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/keystage3.aspx?id=63

24. Plant Cell

25. Differences Between Animal and Plant Cells Vacuoles are large, sap-filled in plant cells Vacuoles are small, temporary in animal cells Chloroplasts present Chloroplasts absent Cell wall present Cell wall absent Plant Cells Animal Cells

29. Pop Quiz! Label and identify the diagram A B C F D E

31. Specialised Cells Red Blood Cell Root Hair Cell Nerve Cell Sperm Cell Egg Cell

33. Cell Differentiation

34. How is cell structure related to cell function? 1) Red Blood Cell Increased surface area to volume ratio of the cell. Hence, increased transport of oxygen. Circular biconcave shape Carry more haemoglobin which leads to increased transport of oxygen. No nucleus Haemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body. Contains haemoglobin Adaptation to Function Cell Structure

35. How is cell structure related to cell function? 2) Xylem Vessel Lignin strengthens the walls and prevents the xylem vessels from collapsing. Lignified walls Enables water to move easily through the lumen. Long hollow tubes (no protoplasm) Adaptation to Function Cell Structure

36. How is cell structure related to cell function? 3) Root Hair Cell Specialised Plant and Animal Cells: http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/keystage3.aspx?id=63 Increased surface area to volume ratio of the cell which leads to increased absorption of water and mineral salts from the soil. Long and narrow Adaptation to Function Cell Structure

37. How do cells work together in a multi-cellular organism? Organisation in Living Things: http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/keystage3.aspx?id=63

40. An organ is a structure made up of different tissues working together to perform a specific function.

42. Organ Systems

43. Organs work together to form organ systems. System Organs Digestive Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Respiratory Trachea Lungs

44. Pop Quiz! Q1. Write out the order of cell organisation within an organism. Q2. Give an example of an animal system with the order of cell organisation stated above.

45. Pop Quiz! Q1. Write out the order of cell organisation within an organism. Organism