2. Big Idea One We will discover how heat can change matter. We will explore different states of matter and learn about various methods to measure heat (temperature) both historically and currently.
3. 1.1 States of Matter - Definitions Heat or lack of heat can cause matter to change states. Evaporation is the change in state from liquid to gas; boiling is a rapid form of evaporation. Condensation is the change of state from gas to liquid. Freezing is the change of state from liquid to solid. Melting is the change of state from solid to liquid. Sublimation is the change of state directly from solid to gas or gas to solid without first changing to liquid (can be called deposition).
4. Think about it... Where have you seen matter change in your lives? How does the heat affect this change?
8. Thermometers Thermometer literally means “heat measurer.” Thermometers used to have mercury to tell the temperature. Now most thermometers contain coloured alcohol. The use of a liquid in a thermometer demonstrates one of the key characteristics of heat
9. Thermometers Continued Adding heat to matter generally causes it to expand(increases). Removing heat from matter generally causes it to contract (decreases). When heat is applied temperature rises and when it is cooled the temperature is lowered.
10. History of Thermometer Were invented by Italians in the 16th century: Galileo Galilei- Water thermometer – 1593 Gabriel Fahrenheit – Mercury thermometer - 1686-1736 Anders Celsuis – centigrade scale – 1701-1744
11. Recording Temperatures Computer sensor – a probe that uses a thermistor (small electronic component that is sensitive to changes in temp.) at its tip is connected to computer. Liquid crystals – indicate the temp. Of the object by changing colour. Can be different colours. Thermocouple thermometer – wires connected to a voltmeter. The wires form connections and as the voltage develops and changes, a temperature is calculated. (used in industries)
12. Growing Balloons EXPERIMENT What happened to the balloon over the bottle that was surrounded by hot water? By cold water? What happened to the balloons as they sat on the counter after the bottles were taken out of the water?
13. Summary Heat has an effect on all states of matter. Adding or removing heat will cause a change of state (solid, liquid, or gas) There are many ways in which temperature is measured, such as using thermometers, computer sensors, etc. Heat affects the volume of solids, liquids, or gases.
