Design of a notch filter implemented on Orcad pspice 15.3 snapshots and circuit diagram.. are there in the pdf.. u may use it for analog & vlsi projects

1. Topic: To design a
Notch filter having
central frequency
3.1206 KHz
Submitted by:-
Sushil Kumar Mishra
ECE-I
05311502809
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2. Introduction:
In signal processing, a band-stop filter or band-rejection filter is
a filter that passes most frequencies unaltered, but attenuates those in
a specific range to very low levels. It is the opposite of a band-pass fil-
ter. A notch filter is a band-stop filter with a narrow stopband (high Q
factor).
Narrow notch filters (optical) are used in Raman spectroscopy, live
sound reproduction (public address systems, or PA systems) and
in instrument amplifiers (especially amplifiers or preamplifiers for acous-
tic instruments such as acoustic guitar, mandolin, bass instrument am-
plifier, etc.) to reduce or prevent audio feedback, while having little no-
ticeable effect on the rest of the frequency spectrum
(electronic or software filters). Other names include 'band limit filter', 'T-
notch filter', 'band-elimination filter', and 'band-reject filter'.
Typically, the width of the stopband is 1 to 2 decades (that is, the high-
est frequency attenuated is 10 to 100 times the lowest frequency atten-
uated). However, in the audioband, a notch filter has high and low fre-
quencies that may be only semitones apart.
Fig.1 A generic ideal band-stop filter, showing both positive and nega-
tive angular frequencies
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3. Circuit diagram snapshots:
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4. 4

5. 5

6. Simulation output:
Result : Notch filter having central frequency 3.1206 KHz has
been made on orcad and simulated. Trace has been taken.
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