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Early Views on “Prophecy”
          By Justin Martyr                                                                         demons of “misrepresenting Christian doc-
 Editorial Comments by J. R. Church                                                                trine” (ch 14); then explained what Christ
                                                                                                   Himself taught (ch. 15); he reminded Caesar
   Prophecy was a popular subject right from                                                       of the patience Christians exhibited with their
the opening days of early Christianity. Time                                                       persecutors (ch. 16); he mentioned that Christ
and again, Jesus referred to the Old Testa-                                                        taught civil obedience (ch. 17); he gave proofs
ment prophets as He taught His disciples.                                                          of immortality and resurrection (ch. 18); and
In turn, they established and taught these                                                         he claimed that the resurrection is a founda-
prophecies to new congregations across the                                                         tional doctrine of Christian theology (ch. 19);
known world. There are 209 references to                                                           but on the other hand, he asserted that Roman
the term prophet, prophecy, prophecies, etc.                                                       philosophers stubbornly held to absurd and
in the New Testament; 106 of which are in                                                          unworkable beliefs (ch. 20).
the Gospels; and 46 are in Matthew alone!                                                              As Justin developed his thesis, we can see
By the middle of the second century, proph-                                                        where he was going with all of this. Slowly
                                                     Justin Martyr (A.D. 114-165)
ecy was a well-respected part of Christian                                                         and methodically, he reached the place
theology; and, as far as we know, no one         Old Testament predictions, showing the            where he introduced the virgin birth and
treated the subject more thoroughly than         importance and popularity of prophecy in          deity of Christ (ch. 21), saying that Jesus
Justin Martyr (A.D. 114-165).                    second-century Gentile Christianity.              was produced without human union, that he
   Justin Martyr was born and raised near           In his first two chapters, Justin addressed     “was crucified and died, and rose again, and
“Jacob’s Well” — in ancient Flavia Neapo-        the Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius, who             ascended into heaven” (ch. 22); he argued
lis, a city of Samaria (modern Nablous).         reigned from A.D. 138-161, asking him to          that demons had caused wicked men to
The date of his birth is uncertain, but has      give the Christians a fair hearing. Then he       fabricate scandalous reports against Chris-
been fixed at around A.D. 114. His father         mounted a defense of Christianity, asking for     tians (ch. 23), then, on behalf of accused
and grandfather were probably Romans             a judicial investigation, and claiming that       Christians, he said, “we shall bring forward
— those who occupied the Jewish na-              no Roman law had been violated (ch. 3);           the following proof” of innocence.
tion on behalf of the Roman government.          he said that Christians had been unjustly             In chapter 24, he said that men worship
Before his conversion to Christianity he         condemned for their “mere name” (ch. 4);          “trees and rivers, mice and cats, crocodiles
studied in the schools of the philosophers,      he pointed out that Christians had been           and irrational animals.” He said, “Nor are
especially following the teachings of Plato      charged with the unwarranted accusation           the same animals esteemed by all; but in one
and Socrates. Eventually, he became a noted      of atheism (ch. 5); and proceeded to refute       place one is worshipped, and another in an-
master philosopher, and wore the special         this unwarranted accusation (ch. 6); he           other, so that all are profane in the judgment
distinguished robe of the philosophical          suggested that each Christian be tried on an      of one another, on account of not worship-
order. However, deep within, nothing satis-      individual basis (ch. 7); he explained why        ping the same objects. And this is the sole
fied him until he heard the Gospel message        Christians confess their faith in God (ch. 8);    accusation you bring against us, that we do
of repentance and faith in Jesus Christ. He      he accused idol worship of being pure folly       not reverence the same gods as you do.”
met the “Truth” that set him free! Soon, he      (ch. 9); he explained how God should be               In chapter 25, he explained why Christians
became an ardent soul-winner, reaching           served (ch. 10); and he discussed what kind       abandoned these false gods, saying, “We
out to everyone who would listen to his          of “kingdom” Christians were looking for          used to worship Baccus … and Apollo (who
testimony.                                       (ch. 11). At this point Justin introduced the     in their loves with men did such things as
   It is believed that he traveled extensively   subject of prophecy:                              it is shameful even to mention), and Proser-
as an evangelist, spending some time in             “That all these things should come to          pine and Venus (who maddened with love
Ephesus (during the ministry of the prothetic    pass, I say, our Teacher foretold, He who         for Adonis, and whose mysteries also you
teacher, Polycarp), where also, he debated       is both Son and Apostle of God the Father         celebrate) … or some one or other of those
a Jew named Trypho. Finally, he settled in       of all and the Ruler, Jesus Christ; from          who are called gods — have now, through
Rome to work as a Christian teacher, where       whom also we have the name of Christians.         Jesus Christ, learned to despise these, though
he was arrested and executed during the          Whence we become more assured of all              we be threatened with death for it, and have
reign of Marcus Aurelius in A.D. 165.            the things He taught us, since whatever He        dedicated ourselves to the unbegotten and
   The writings of Justin Martyr are among       beforehand foretold should come to pass,          impassible God; of whom we are persuaded
the most important that have survived the        is seen in fact coming to pass; and this is       that never was he goaded by lust of Antiope,
second century. His most note-worthy             the work of God, to tell of a thing before it     or such other women, or of Ganymede; nor
writings were two “Apologies” and a “Dia-        happens, and as it was foretold so to show        was rescued by that hundred-handed giant
logue with Trypho.” In this review, I have       it happening” (ch. 12).                           whose aid was obtained through Thetis; nor
narrowed my study to a few chapters from            We can deduce from Justin’s mention of         was anxious on this account that her son
his “First Apology,” in order to set forth       prophecy, that the subject held a special place   Achilles should destroy many of the Greeks
his views on the fulfillments of Old Testa-       in his heart. In the course of his defending      because of his concubine Briseis. Those who
ment prophecies. These are among some            Christianity Justin explained how “Christians     believe these things we pity, and those who
of the first extra-biblical commentaries on       serve God rationally” (ch. 13); he accused        invented them we know to be devils.”
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   In chapter 26, he explained why Chris-         ere ever they happened. And their prophe-        His robe in the blood of the grape,’ was a
tians did not trust magicians, citing Simon       cies, as they were spoken and when they          significant symbol of the things that were
the Samaritan who practiced “mighty acts          were uttered, the kings who happened to          to happen to Christ, and of what He was
of magic” and to whom a statue had been           be reigning among the Jews at the several        to do. For the foal of an ass stood bound
erected in his honor on the Tiber River in        times carefully preserved in their possession,   to a vine at the entrance of a village, and
Rome, with the inscription, “To Simon the         when they had been arranged in books by the      He ordered His acquaintances to bring it
holy God.” He also explained that Simon’s         prophets themselves in their own Hebrew          to Him then; and when it was brought, He
female consort was a prostitute.                  language. They are also in the possession        mounted and sat upon it, and entered Je-
   In chapter 27, he lashed out against por-      of all Jews throughout the world; but they,      rusalem, where was the vast temple of the
nography (allowing little children to run         though they read, do not understand what         Jews, which was afterwards destroyed by
about naked), saying that those who are           is said, but count us foes and enemies; and,     you. And after this He was crucified, that
exposed to such things grow up to become          like yourselves, they kill and punish us         the rest of the prophecy might be fulfilled.
prostitutes — both girls and boys, and ex-        whenever they have the power, as you can         For this ‘washing His robe in the blood of
plains how Christians “shrink from doing          well believe. For in the Jewish war, which       the grape’ was predictive of the passion He
any such things.”                                 lately raged (A.D. 132-135), Bar Kochba,         was to endure, cleansing by His blood those
   In chapter 28, he quoted from John’s           the leader of the revolt of the Jews, gave       who believe on Him. For what is called by
Apocalypse saying, “For among us the prince       orders that Christians alone should be led to    the Divine Spirit through the prophet ‘His
of the wicked spirits is called the serpent,      cruel punishments, unless they would deny        robe,’ are those men who believe in Him in
and Satan, and the devil, as you can learn by     Jesus Christ and speak blasphemy. In these       whom abideth the seed of God, the Word.
looking into our writings (i.e., Apocalypse.      books, then, of the prophets we found Jesus      And what is spoken of as ‘the blood of the
And that he would be sent into the fire with       our Christ foretold as coming, born of a vir-    grape,’ signifies that He who should appear
his host, and the men who follow him, and         gin, growing up to man’s estate, and healing     would have blood, though not of the seed of
would be punished for an endless duration.”       every disease and every sickness, and raising    man, but of the power of God. And the first
Justin concludes: “For the reason why God         the dead, and being hated, and unrecognized,     power after God the Father and Lord of all is
has delayed to do this, is His regard for the     and crucified, and dying, and rising again,       the Word, who is also the Son; and of Him
human race. For He foreknows that some            and ascending into heaven, and being called,     we will, in what follows, relate how He took
are to be saved by repentance, some even          the Son of God. We find it also predicted that    flesh and became man. For as man did not
that are perhaps not yet born. In the begin-      certain persons should be sent by Him into       make the blood of the vine, but God, so it
ning He made the human race with the              every nation to publish these things, and that   was hereby intimated that the blood should
power of thought and of choosing the truth        rather among the Gentiles [than among the        not be of human seed, but of divine power,
and doing right, so that all men are without      Jews] men should believe on Him.”                as we have said above. And Isaiah, another
excuse before God; for they have been born                     Chapter 32                          prophet, foretelling the same things in other
rational and contemplative.”                           Christ Predicted by Moses                   words, spoke thus: ‘A star shall rise out of
   Having referred to morality once again            “Moses then, who was the first of the          Jacob, and a flower shall spring from the
in chapter 29, Justin turns to the subject        [writing] prophets, spoke in these very          root of Jesse; and His arm shall the nations
of Christ Himself. He counters the notion         words: ‘The scepter shall not depart from        trust.’ And a star of light has arisen, and a
that Christ might be regarded as a mere           Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet,     flower has sprung from the root of Jesse
magician by offering proof that He was the        until He come for whom it is reserved; and       — this Christ. For by the power of God He
ultimate fulfillment of the Hebrew prophets.       He shall be the desire of the nations, bind-     was conceived by a virgin of the seed of
“This,” he said, “will appear even to you the     ing His foal to the vine, washing His robe       Jacob, who was the father of Judah, who, as
strongest and truest evidence.”                   in the blood of the grape.’ Up to the time of    we have shown, was the father of the Jews;
   So, beginning with chapter 31, Justin          Jesus Christ, who taught us, and interpreted     and Jesse was His forefather according to
launches into his favorite subject — prophecy.    the prophecies which were not yet under-         the oracle, and He was the son of Jacob and
Because of the constraints of space, we will      stood, [they had a lawgiver] as was foretold     Judah according to lineal descent.”
touch only the highlights of these chapters.      by the holy and divine Spirit of prophecy                   Chapter 33
However, we will try to be faithful to Justin’s   through Moses, ‘that a ruler would not fail      The Manner of Christ’s Birth Predicted
main theme — his views on Christ as the           the Jews until He should come for whom             “And hear again how Isaiah in express
fulfillment of the Hebrew prophets. Here,          the kingdom was reserved’ (for Judah was         words foretold that He should be born of
you will find some OT passages that modern         the forefather of the Jews, from whom also       a virgin; for he spoke thus: ‘Behold, a vir-
theologians may have overlooked as being          they have their name of Jews); and after         gin shall conceive, and bring forth a son,
prophecies — simply because they are not          He (i.e., Christ) appeared, you began to         and they shall say for His name, God with
specifically cited as being prophetic within the   rule the Jews, and gained possession of all      us.’ For things which were incredible and
context of Scripture. On the other hand, Justin   their territory. And the prophecy, ‘He shall     seemed impossible with men, these God
sees the underlying prophetic significance that    be the desire of the nations,’ signified that     predicted by the Spirit of prophecy as about
was originally intended. I would invite you to    there would be some of all nations who           to come to pass, in order that, when they
study the following chapters and contemplate      should look for Him to come again. And this      came to pass, there might be no unbelief,
upon these second-century views.                  indeed you can see for yourselves, and be        but faith, because of their prediction. But
              Chapter 31                          convinced of by fact. For of all races of men    lest some, not understanding the prophecy
       Of the Hebrew Prophets                     there are some who look for Him who was          now cited, should charge us with the very
  “There were, then, among the Jews certain       crucified in Judea, and after whose cruci-        things we have been laying to the charge
men who were prophets of God, through             fixion the land was straightway surrendered       of the poets who say that Jupiter went in to
whom the prophetic Spirit published be-           to you as spoils of war. And the prophecy,       women through lust, let us try to explain
forehand things that were to come to pass,        ‘binding His foal to the vine, and washing       the words. This, then, ‘Behold, a virgin
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shall conceive,’ signifies that a virgin         have spread out my hands to a disobedient        has gone out into all the earth, and their
should conceive without human relations.         and gainsaying people, to those who walk         words to the ends of the world. In the sun
For if she had had relations with any one        in a way that is not good. They now ask          hath He set His tabernacle, and he as a
whatever, she was no longer a virgin; but        of me judgment, and dare to draw near to         bridegroom going out of his chamber shall
the power of God having come upon the            God.’ And again in other words, through          rejoice as a strong man to run a race.’”
virgin, overshadowed her, and caused her         another prophet, He says, ‘They pierced My                  Chapter 41
while yet a virgin to conceive. And the          hands and My feet, and for My vesture they            The Crucifixion Predicted
angel of God who was sent to the same            cast lots.’ And indeed David, the king and          “And again, in another prophecy, the
virgin at that time brought her good news,       prophet, who uttered these things, suffered      Spirit of prophecy, through the same David,
saying, ‘Behold, thou shalt conceive of the      none of them; but Jesus Christ stretched         intimated that Christ, after He had been cru-
Holy Ghost, and shalt bear a Son, and He         forth His hands, being crucified by the Jews      cified, should reign, and spoke as follows:
shall be called the Son of the Highest, and      speaking against Him, and denying that He        ‘Sing to the Lord, all the earth, and day by
thou shalt call His name Jesus; for He shall     was the Christ. And as the prophet spoke,        day declare His salvation. For great is the
save His people from their sins,’ — as they      they tormented Him, and set Him on the           Lord, and greatly to be praised, to be feared
who have recorded all that concerns our          judgment-seat, and said, Judge us. And the       above all the gods. For all the gods of the
Savior Jesus Christ have taught, whom we         expression, ‘They pierced my hands and my        nations are idols of devils; but God made
believed, since by Isaiah also, whom we          feet,’ was used in reference to the nails of     the heavens. Glory and praise are before
have now adduced, the Spirit of prophecy         the cross which were fixed in His hands and       His face, strength and glorying are in the
declared that He should be born as we            feet. And after He was crucified they cast        habitation of His holiness. Give Glory to the
intimated before. It is wrong, therefore, to     lots upon His vesture, and they that crucified    Lord, the Father everlasting. Receive grace,
understand the Spirit and the power of God       Him parted it among them. And that these         and enter His presence, and worship in His
as anything else than the Word, who is also      things did happen, you can ascertain from        holy courts. Let all the earth fear before His
the first-born of God, as Moses declared;         the ‘Acts of Pontius Pilate.’ And we will cite   face; let it be established, and not shaken.
and it was this which, when it came upon         the prophetic utterances of another prophet,     Let them rejoice among the nations. The
the virgin and overshadowed her, caused          Zechariah, to the effect that He was foretold    Lord hath reigned from the tree.’”
her to conceive, not by human relations,         expressly as to sit upon the foal of an ass                 Chapter 42
but by power. And the name Jesus in the          and to enter Jerusalem. The words are these:       Prophecy Using the Past Tense
Hebrew language means Σωτηρ (Savior)             ‘Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion; shout,        “But when the Spirit of prophecy speaks
in the Greek tongue. Wherefore, too, the         O daughter of Jerusalem: behold, thy King        of things that are about to come to pass as
angel said to the virgin, ‘Thou shalt call His   cometh unto thee; lowly, and riding upon an      if they had already taken place — as may
name Jesus, for He shall save His people         ass, and upon a colt the foal of an ass.’”       be observed even in the passages already
from their sins.’ And that the prophets are                  Chapter 36                           cited by me — that this circumstance may
inspired by no other than the Divine Word,          Different Modes of Prophecy                   afford no excuse to readers [for misinter-
even you, as I fancy, will grant.                   “But when you hear the utterances of the      preting them], we will make even this also
           Chapter 34                            prophets spoken as it were personally, you       quite plain. The things, which He absolutely
The Place of Christ’s Birth Foretold             must not suppose that they are spoken by         knows will take place, He predicts as if
  “And hear what part of earth He was to         themselves, but inspired by the Divine Word      already they had taken place. And that the
be born in, as another prophet, Micah, fore-     who moves them. For sometimes He declares        utterances must be thus received, you will
told. He spoke thus: ‘And thou, Bethlehem,       things that are to come to pass, in the manner   perceive, if you give your attention to them.
the land of Judah, art not the least among       of one who foretells the future; sometimes       The words cited above, David uttered 1,000
the princes of Judah; for out of thee shall      He speaks as from the person of God the          years before Christ became a man and was
come forth a Governor, who shall feed My         Lord and Father of all; sometimes as from        crucified; and no one of those who lived
people.’ Now there is a village in the land      the person of Christ; sometimes as from the      before Him, nor yet of His contemporaries,
of the Jews, thirty-five stadia (just under       person of the people answering the Lord or       afforded joy to the Gentiles by being cruci-
5 miles) from Jerusalem, in which Jesus          His Father, just as you can see even in your     fied. But our Jesus Christ, being crucified
Christ was born, as you can ascertain also       own writers, one man being the writer of         and dead, rose again, and having ascended
from the registers of the taxing made under      the whole, but introducing the persons who       to heaven, reigned; and by those things,
Cyrenius, your first procurator in Judea.”        converse. And this, the Jews who possessed       which were published in His name among
            Chapter 35                           the books of the prophets did not understand,    all nations by the apostles, there is joy af-
     Other Fulfilled Prophecies                   and therefore did not recognize Christ even      forded to those who expect the immortality
  “And how Christ after He was born was to       when He came, but even hate us who say that      promised by Him.”
escape the notice of other men until He grew     He has come, and who prove that, as was                      Chapter 43
to man’s estate, which also came to pass,        predicted, He was crucified by them.”                    Responsibility Asserted
hear what was foretold regarding this. There                  Chapter 40                            “But lest some suppose, from what has
are the following predictions: — ‘Unto us              Christ’s Advent Foretold                   been said by us, that we say that whatever
a child is born, and unto us a son is given,        “And hear how it was foretold concern-        happens, happens by a fatal necessity, be-
and the government shall be upon His shoul-      ing those who published His doctrine and         cause it is foretold as known beforehand,
ders;’ which is significant of the power of       proclaimed His appearance, the above-            this too we explain. We have learned from
the cross, for to it, when He was crucified,      mentioned prophet and king speaking thus         the prophets, and we hold it to be true, that
He applied His shoulders, as shall be more       by the Spirit of prophecy: ‘Day unto day ut-     punishments, and chastisements, and good
clearly made out in the ensuing discourse.       tereth speech, and night unto night showeth      rewards, are rendered according to the merit
And again the same prophet Isaiah, being         knowledge. There is no speech nor language       of each man’s actions. Since if it be not
inspired by the prophetic Spirit, said, ‘I       where their voice is not heard. Their voice      so, but all things happen by fate, neither is
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anything at all in our own power. For if it be   bring Christ to heaven after He had raised       have already taken place came to pass when
fated that this man, e.g., be good, and this     Him from the dead, and would keep Him            foretold, and even though unknown, so
other evil, neither is the former meritori-      there until He has subdued His enemies the       shall the things that remain, even though
ous nor the latter to be blamed. And again,      devils, and until the number of those who        they be unknown and disbelieved, yet come
unless the human race have the power of          are foreknown by Him as good and virtuous        to pass. For the prophets have proclaimed
avoiding evil and choosing good by free          is complete, on whose account He has still       two advents of His: the one, that which is
choice, they are not accountable for their       delayed the consummation — hear what             already past, when He came as a dishonored
actions, of whatever kind they be. But that      was said by the prophet David. These are         and suffering Man; but the second, when,
it is by free choice they both walk uprightly    his words: ‘The Lord said unto My Lord, Sit      according to prophecy, He shall come from
and stumble, we thus demonstrate.”               Thou at My right hand, until I make Thine        heaven with glory, accompanied by His
            Chapter 44                           enemies Thy footstool. The Lord shall send       angelic host, when also He shall raise the
      Not Nullified by Prophecy                   to Thee the rod of power out of Jerusalem;       bodies of all men who have lived, and shall
   “And the holy Spirit of prophecy taught       and rule Thou in the midst of Thine enemies.     clothe those of the worthy with immortality,
us this, telling us by Moses that God spoke      With Thee is the government in the day of        and shall send those of the wicked, endued
thus to the man first created: ‘Behold, be-       Thy power, in the beauties of Thy saints:        with eternal sensibility, into everlasting
fore thy face are good and evil: choose the      from the womb of morning have I begotten         fire with the wicked devils. And that these
good.’ And again, by the other prophet Isa-      Thee.’ That which he says, ‘He shall send        things also have been foretold as yet to be,
iah, that the following utterance was made       to Thee the rod of power out of Jerusalem,’      we will prove. By Ezekiel the prophet it was
as if from God the Father and Lord of all:       is predictive of the mighty word, which          said: ‘Joint shall be joined to joint, and bone
‘Wash you, make you clean; put away evils        His apostles, going forth from Jerusalem,        to bone, and flesh shall grow again;’ and
from your souls; learn to do well; judge         preached everywhere; and though death is         [Isaiah said] ‘every knee shall bow to the
the orphan, and plead for the widow: and         decreed against those who teach or at all        Lord, and every tongue shall confess Him.’
come and let us reason together, saith the       confess the name of Christ, we everywhere        And in what kind of sensation and punish-
Lord: And if your sins be as scarlet, I will     both embrace and teach it. And if you also       ment the wicked are to be, hear from what
make them white as wool; and if they be red      read these words in a hostile spirit, ye can     was said in like manner with reference to
like as crimson, I will make them white as       do no more, as I said before, than kill us;      this; it is as follows: ‘Their worm shall not
snow. And if ye be willing and obey Me, ye       which indeed does no harm to us, but to          rest, and their fire shall not be quenched;’
shall eat the good of the land; but if ye do     you and all who unjustly hate us, and do not     and then shall they repent, when it profits
not obey Me, the sword shall devour you:         repent, brings eternal punishment by fire.”       them not. And what the people of the Jews
for the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it.’                 Chapter 47                             shall say and do, when they see Him coming
And whatever both philosophers and poets         The Desolation of Judea Foretold                 in glory, has been thus predicted by Zecha-
have said concerning the immortality of             “That the land of the Jews, then, was to be   riah the prophet: ‘I will command the four
the soul, or punishments after death, or         laid waste, hear what was said by the Spirit     winds to gather the scattered children; I
contemplation of things heavenly, or doc-        of prophecy. And the words were spoken as        will command the north wind to bring them,
trines of the like kind, they have received      if from the person of the people wondering       and the south wind, that it keep not back.
such suggestions from the prophets as have       at what had happened. They are these: ‘Sion      And then in Jerusalem there shall be great
enabled them to understand and interpret         is a wilderness, Jerusalem a desolation.         lamentation, not the lamentation of mouths
these things. And hence there seem to be         The house of our sanctuary has become            or of lips, but the lamentation of the heart;
seeds of truth among all men; but they are       a curse, and the glory which our fathers         and they shall rend not their garments, but
charged with not accurately understanding        blessed is burned up with fire, and all its       their hearts. Tribe by tribe they shall mourn,
[the truth] when they assert contradictories.    glorious things are laid waste: and Thou         and then they shall look on Him whom they
So that what we say about future events          refrainest Thyself at these things, and hast     have pierced; and they shall say, Why, O
being foretold, we do not say it as if they      held Thy peace, and hast humbled us very         Lord, hast Thou made us to err from Thy
came about by a fatal necessity; but God         sore.’ And ye are convinced that Jerusalem       way? The glory which our fathers blessed,
foreknowing all that shall be done by all        has been laid waste, as was predicted. And       has for us been turned into shame.’”
men, and it being His decree that the future     concerning its desolation, and that no one          From these examples in the writings of
actions of men shall all be recompensed          should be permitted to inhabit it, there was     Justin Martyr, we can see that the study of
according to their several value, He fore-       the following prophecy by Isaiah: ‘Their         prophecy was a primary factor in proving to
tells by the Spirit of prophecy that He will     land is desolate, their enemies consume it       the Gentiles that Jesus Christ was the long-
bestow meet rewards according to the merit       before them, and none of them shall dwell        looked-for Savior of the world. Note that
of the actions done, always urging the hu-       therein.’ And that it is guarded by you lest     Justin could not conclude his treatise with-
man race to effort and recollection, showing     any one dwell in it, and that death is decreed   out mentioning the prophecies of Christ’s
that He cares and provides for men. For          against a Jew apprehended entering it, you       Second Advent. And today, we await the
not only do we fearlessly read them; but         know very well.”                                 Rapture. We look forward to the sound of
as you see, bring them for your inspection,                  Chapter 52                           the trumpet when the dead in Christ will be
knowing that their contents will be pleas-        Christ’s Second Advent Foretold                 raised and we shall be translated. Soon, the
ing to all. And if we persuade even a few,         “Since, then, we prove that all things         prophecies that Justin referred to will come
our gain will be very great; for, as good        which have already happened had been             to pass. A Tribulation Period will bring the
husbandmen, we shall receive the reward          predicted by the prophets before they came       world down to Armageddon. Then Christ
from the Master.”                                to pass, we must necessarily believe also        will appear in the clouds, with us at His side,
            Chapter 45                           that those things which are in like manner       rescue the Jewish people, set up Heaven’s
Christ’s Return to Heaven Foretold               predicted, but are yet to come to pass, shall    kingdom, and rule over all nations as King
  “And that God the Father of all would          certainly happen. For as the things which        of kings and Lord of lords. u
38 Prophecy in the News                    Find us on the Internet - www.prophecyinthenews.com

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Early Views On Prophecy - Prophecy In The News Magazine - August 2007

  • 1. Find us on the Internet - www.prophecyinthenews.com Early Views on “Prophecy” By Justin Martyr demons of “misrepresenting Christian doc- Editorial Comments by J. R. Church trine” (ch 14); then explained what Christ Himself taught (ch. 15); he reminded Caesar Prophecy was a popular subject right from of the patience Christians exhibited with their the opening days of early Christianity. Time persecutors (ch. 16); he mentioned that Christ and again, Jesus referred to the Old Testa- taught civil obedience (ch. 17); he gave proofs ment prophets as He taught His disciples. of immortality and resurrection (ch. 18); and In turn, they established and taught these he claimed that the resurrection is a founda- prophecies to new congregations across the tional doctrine of Christian theology (ch. 19); known world. There are 209 references to but on the other hand, he asserted that Roman the term prophet, prophecy, prophecies, etc. philosophers stubbornly held to absurd and in the New Testament; 106 of which are in unworkable beliefs (ch. 20). the Gospels; and 46 are in Matthew alone! As Justin developed his thesis, we can see By the middle of the second century, proph- where he was going with all of this. Slowly Justin Martyr (A.D. 114-165) ecy was a well-respected part of Christian and methodically, he reached the place theology; and, as far as we know, no one Old Testament predictions, showing the where he introduced the virgin birth and treated the subject more thoroughly than importance and popularity of prophecy in deity of Christ (ch. 21), saying that Jesus Justin Martyr (A.D. 114-165). second-century Gentile Christianity. was produced without human union, that he Justin Martyr was born and raised near In his first two chapters, Justin addressed “was crucified and died, and rose again, and “Jacob’s Well” — in ancient Flavia Neapo- the Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius, who ascended into heaven” (ch. 22); he argued lis, a city of Samaria (modern Nablous). reigned from A.D. 138-161, asking him to that demons had caused wicked men to The date of his birth is uncertain, but has give the Christians a fair hearing. Then he fabricate scandalous reports against Chris- been fixed at around A.D. 114. His father mounted a defense of Christianity, asking for tians (ch. 23), then, on behalf of accused and grandfather were probably Romans a judicial investigation, and claiming that Christians, he said, “we shall bring forward — those who occupied the Jewish na- no Roman law had been violated (ch. 3); the following proof” of innocence. tion on behalf of the Roman government. he said that Christians had been unjustly In chapter 24, he said that men worship Before his conversion to Christianity he condemned for their “mere name” (ch. 4); “trees and rivers, mice and cats, crocodiles studied in the schools of the philosophers, he pointed out that Christians had been and irrational animals.” He said, “Nor are especially following the teachings of Plato charged with the unwarranted accusation the same animals esteemed by all; but in one and Socrates. Eventually, he became a noted of atheism (ch. 5); and proceeded to refute place one is worshipped, and another in an- master philosopher, and wore the special this unwarranted accusation (ch. 6); he other, so that all are profane in the judgment distinguished robe of the philosophical suggested that each Christian be tried on an of one another, on account of not worship- order. However, deep within, nothing satis- individual basis (ch. 7); he explained why ping the same objects. And this is the sole fied him until he heard the Gospel message Christians confess their faith in God (ch. 8); accusation you bring against us, that we do of repentance and faith in Jesus Christ. He he accused idol worship of being pure folly not reverence the same gods as you do.” met the “Truth” that set him free! Soon, he (ch. 9); he explained how God should be In chapter 25, he explained why Christians became an ardent soul-winner, reaching served (ch. 10); and he discussed what kind abandoned these false gods, saying, “We out to everyone who would listen to his of “kingdom” Christians were looking for used to worship Baccus … and Apollo (who testimony. (ch. 11). At this point Justin introduced the in their loves with men did such things as It is believed that he traveled extensively subject of prophecy: it is shameful even to mention), and Proser- as an evangelist, spending some time in “That all these things should come to pine and Venus (who maddened with love Ephesus (during the ministry of the prothetic pass, I say, our Teacher foretold, He who for Adonis, and whose mysteries also you teacher, Polycarp), where also, he debated is both Son and Apostle of God the Father celebrate) … or some one or other of those a Jew named Trypho. Finally, he settled in of all and the Ruler, Jesus Christ; from who are called gods — have now, through Rome to work as a Christian teacher, where whom also we have the name of Christians. Jesus Christ, learned to despise these, though he was arrested and executed during the Whence we become more assured of all we be threatened with death for it, and have reign of Marcus Aurelius in A.D. 165. the things He taught us, since whatever He dedicated ourselves to the unbegotten and The writings of Justin Martyr are among beforehand foretold should come to pass, impassible God; of whom we are persuaded the most important that have survived the is seen in fact coming to pass; and this is that never was he goaded by lust of Antiope, second century. His most note-worthy the work of God, to tell of a thing before it or such other women, or of Ganymede; nor writings were two “Apologies” and a “Dia- happens, and as it was foretold so to show was rescued by that hundred-handed giant logue with Trypho.” In this review, I have it happening” (ch. 12). whose aid was obtained through Thetis; nor narrowed my study to a few chapters from We can deduce from Justin’s mention of was anxious on this account that her son his “First Apology,” in order to set forth prophecy, that the subject held a special place Achilles should destroy many of the Greeks his views on the fulfillments of Old Testa- in his heart. In the course of his defending because of his concubine Briseis. Those who ment prophecies. These are among some Christianity Justin explained how “Christians believe these things we pity, and those who of the first extra-biblical commentaries on serve God rationally” (ch. 13); he accused invented them we know to be devils.” Find us on the Internet - www.prophecyinthenews.com Prophecy in the News 35
  • 2. Find us on the Internet - www.prophecyinthenews.com In chapter 26, he explained why Chris- ere ever they happened. And their prophe- His robe in the blood of the grape,’ was a tians did not trust magicians, citing Simon cies, as they were spoken and when they significant symbol of the things that were the Samaritan who practiced “mighty acts were uttered, the kings who happened to to happen to Christ, and of what He was of magic” and to whom a statue had been be reigning among the Jews at the several to do. For the foal of an ass stood bound erected in his honor on the Tiber River in times carefully preserved in their possession, to a vine at the entrance of a village, and Rome, with the inscription, “To Simon the when they had been arranged in books by the He ordered His acquaintances to bring it holy God.” He also explained that Simon’s prophets themselves in their own Hebrew to Him then; and when it was brought, He female consort was a prostitute. language. They are also in the possession mounted and sat upon it, and entered Je- In chapter 27, he lashed out against por- of all Jews throughout the world; but they, rusalem, where was the vast temple of the nography (allowing little children to run though they read, do not understand what Jews, which was afterwards destroyed by about naked), saying that those who are is said, but count us foes and enemies; and, you. And after this He was crucified, that exposed to such things grow up to become like yourselves, they kill and punish us the rest of the prophecy might be fulfilled. prostitutes — both girls and boys, and ex- whenever they have the power, as you can For this ‘washing His robe in the blood of plains how Christians “shrink from doing well believe. For in the Jewish war, which the grape’ was predictive of the passion He any such things.” lately raged (A.D. 132-135), Bar Kochba, was to endure, cleansing by His blood those In chapter 28, he quoted from John’s the leader of the revolt of the Jews, gave who believe on Him. For what is called by Apocalypse saying, “For among us the prince orders that Christians alone should be led to the Divine Spirit through the prophet ‘His of the wicked spirits is called the serpent, cruel punishments, unless they would deny robe,’ are those men who believe in Him in and Satan, and the devil, as you can learn by Jesus Christ and speak blasphemy. In these whom abideth the seed of God, the Word. looking into our writings (i.e., Apocalypse. books, then, of the prophets we found Jesus And what is spoken of as ‘the blood of the And that he would be sent into the fire with our Christ foretold as coming, born of a vir- grape,’ signifies that He who should appear his host, and the men who follow him, and gin, growing up to man’s estate, and healing would have blood, though not of the seed of would be punished for an endless duration.” every disease and every sickness, and raising man, but of the power of God. And the first Justin concludes: “For the reason why God the dead, and being hated, and unrecognized, power after God the Father and Lord of all is has delayed to do this, is His regard for the and crucified, and dying, and rising again, the Word, who is also the Son; and of Him human race. For He foreknows that some and ascending into heaven, and being called, we will, in what follows, relate how He took are to be saved by repentance, some even the Son of God. We find it also predicted that flesh and became man. For as man did not that are perhaps not yet born. In the begin- certain persons should be sent by Him into make the blood of the vine, but God, so it ning He made the human race with the every nation to publish these things, and that was hereby intimated that the blood should power of thought and of choosing the truth rather among the Gentiles [than among the not be of human seed, but of divine power, and doing right, so that all men are without Jews] men should believe on Him.” as we have said above. And Isaiah, another excuse before God; for they have been born Chapter 32 prophet, foretelling the same things in other rational and contemplative.” Christ Predicted by Moses words, spoke thus: ‘A star shall rise out of Having referred to morality once again “Moses then, who was the first of the Jacob, and a flower shall spring from the in chapter 29, Justin turns to the subject [writing] prophets, spoke in these very root of Jesse; and His arm shall the nations of Christ Himself. He counters the notion words: ‘The scepter shall not depart from trust.’ And a star of light has arisen, and a that Christ might be regarded as a mere Judah, nor a lawgiver from between his feet, flower has sprung from the root of Jesse magician by offering proof that He was the until He come for whom it is reserved; and — this Christ. For by the power of God He ultimate fulfillment of the Hebrew prophets. He shall be the desire of the nations, bind- was conceived by a virgin of the seed of “This,” he said, “will appear even to you the ing His foal to the vine, washing His robe Jacob, who was the father of Judah, who, as strongest and truest evidence.” in the blood of the grape.’ Up to the time of we have shown, was the father of the Jews; So, beginning with chapter 31, Justin Jesus Christ, who taught us, and interpreted and Jesse was His forefather according to launches into his favorite subject — prophecy. the prophecies which were not yet under- the oracle, and He was the son of Jacob and Because of the constraints of space, we will stood, [they had a lawgiver] as was foretold Judah according to lineal descent.” touch only the highlights of these chapters. by the holy and divine Spirit of prophecy Chapter 33 However, we will try to be faithful to Justin’s through Moses, ‘that a ruler would not fail The Manner of Christ’s Birth Predicted main theme — his views on Christ as the the Jews until He should come for whom “And hear again how Isaiah in express fulfillment of the Hebrew prophets. Here, the kingdom was reserved’ (for Judah was words foretold that He should be born of you will find some OT passages that modern the forefather of the Jews, from whom also a virgin; for he spoke thus: ‘Behold, a vir- theologians may have overlooked as being they have their name of Jews); and after gin shall conceive, and bring forth a son, prophecies — simply because they are not He (i.e., Christ) appeared, you began to and they shall say for His name, God with specifically cited as being prophetic within the rule the Jews, and gained possession of all us.’ For things which were incredible and context of Scripture. On the other hand, Justin their territory. And the prophecy, ‘He shall seemed impossible with men, these God sees the underlying prophetic significance that be the desire of the nations,’ signified that predicted by the Spirit of prophecy as about was originally intended. I would invite you to there would be some of all nations who to come to pass, in order that, when they study the following chapters and contemplate should look for Him to come again. And this came to pass, there might be no unbelief, upon these second-century views. indeed you can see for yourselves, and be but faith, because of their prediction. But Chapter 31 convinced of by fact. For of all races of men lest some, not understanding the prophecy Of the Hebrew Prophets there are some who look for Him who was now cited, should charge us with the very “There were, then, among the Jews certain crucified in Judea, and after whose cruci- things we have been laying to the charge men who were prophets of God, through fixion the land was straightway surrendered of the poets who say that Jupiter went in to whom the prophetic Spirit published be- to you as spoils of war. And the prophecy, women through lust, let us try to explain forehand things that were to come to pass, ‘binding His foal to the vine, and washing the words. This, then, ‘Behold, a virgin 36 Prophecy in the News Find us on the Internet - www.prophecyinthenews.com
  • 3. Find us on the Internet - www.prophecyinthenews.com shall conceive,’ signifies that a virgin have spread out my hands to a disobedient has gone out into all the earth, and their should conceive without human relations. and gainsaying people, to those who walk words to the ends of the world. In the sun For if she had had relations with any one in a way that is not good. They now ask hath He set His tabernacle, and he as a whatever, she was no longer a virgin; but of me judgment, and dare to draw near to bridegroom going out of his chamber shall the power of God having come upon the God.’ And again in other words, through rejoice as a strong man to run a race.’” virgin, overshadowed her, and caused her another prophet, He says, ‘They pierced My Chapter 41 while yet a virgin to conceive. And the hands and My feet, and for My vesture they The Crucifixion Predicted angel of God who was sent to the same cast lots.’ And indeed David, the king and “And again, in another prophecy, the virgin at that time brought her good news, prophet, who uttered these things, suffered Spirit of prophecy, through the same David, saying, ‘Behold, thou shalt conceive of the none of them; but Jesus Christ stretched intimated that Christ, after He had been cru- Holy Ghost, and shalt bear a Son, and He forth His hands, being crucified by the Jews cified, should reign, and spoke as follows: shall be called the Son of the Highest, and speaking against Him, and denying that He ‘Sing to the Lord, all the earth, and day by thou shalt call His name Jesus; for He shall was the Christ. And as the prophet spoke, day declare His salvation. For great is the save His people from their sins,’ — as they they tormented Him, and set Him on the Lord, and greatly to be praised, to be feared who have recorded all that concerns our judgment-seat, and said, Judge us. And the above all the gods. For all the gods of the Savior Jesus Christ have taught, whom we expression, ‘They pierced my hands and my nations are idols of devils; but God made believed, since by Isaiah also, whom we feet,’ was used in reference to the nails of the heavens. Glory and praise are before have now adduced, the Spirit of prophecy the cross which were fixed in His hands and His face, strength and glorying are in the declared that He should be born as we feet. And after He was crucified they cast habitation of His holiness. Give Glory to the intimated before. It is wrong, therefore, to lots upon His vesture, and they that crucified Lord, the Father everlasting. Receive grace, understand the Spirit and the power of God Him parted it among them. And that these and enter His presence, and worship in His as anything else than the Word, who is also things did happen, you can ascertain from holy courts. Let all the earth fear before His the first-born of God, as Moses declared; the ‘Acts of Pontius Pilate.’ And we will cite face; let it be established, and not shaken. and it was this which, when it came upon the prophetic utterances of another prophet, Let them rejoice among the nations. The the virgin and overshadowed her, caused Zechariah, to the effect that He was foretold Lord hath reigned from the tree.’” her to conceive, not by human relations, expressly as to sit upon the foal of an ass Chapter 42 but by power. And the name Jesus in the and to enter Jerusalem. The words are these: Prophecy Using the Past Tense Hebrew language means Σωτηρ (Savior) ‘Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion; shout, “But when the Spirit of prophecy speaks in the Greek tongue. Wherefore, too, the O daughter of Jerusalem: behold, thy King of things that are about to come to pass as angel said to the virgin, ‘Thou shalt call His cometh unto thee; lowly, and riding upon an if they had already taken place — as may name Jesus, for He shall save His people ass, and upon a colt the foal of an ass.’” be observed even in the passages already from their sins.’ And that the prophets are Chapter 36 cited by me — that this circumstance may inspired by no other than the Divine Word, Different Modes of Prophecy afford no excuse to readers [for misinter- even you, as I fancy, will grant. “But when you hear the utterances of the preting them], we will make even this also Chapter 34 prophets spoken as it were personally, you quite plain. The things, which He absolutely The Place of Christ’s Birth Foretold must not suppose that they are spoken by knows will take place, He predicts as if “And hear what part of earth He was to themselves, but inspired by the Divine Word already they had taken place. And that the be born in, as another prophet, Micah, fore- who moves them. For sometimes He declares utterances must be thus received, you will told. He spoke thus: ‘And thou, Bethlehem, things that are to come to pass, in the manner perceive, if you give your attention to them. the land of Judah, art not the least among of one who foretells the future; sometimes The words cited above, David uttered 1,000 the princes of Judah; for out of thee shall He speaks as from the person of God the years before Christ became a man and was come forth a Governor, who shall feed My Lord and Father of all; sometimes as from crucified; and no one of those who lived people.’ Now there is a village in the land the person of Christ; sometimes as from the before Him, nor yet of His contemporaries, of the Jews, thirty-five stadia (just under person of the people answering the Lord or afforded joy to the Gentiles by being cruci- 5 miles) from Jerusalem, in which Jesus His Father, just as you can see even in your fied. But our Jesus Christ, being crucified Christ was born, as you can ascertain also own writers, one man being the writer of and dead, rose again, and having ascended from the registers of the taxing made under the whole, but introducing the persons who to heaven, reigned; and by those things, Cyrenius, your first procurator in Judea.” converse. And this, the Jews who possessed which were published in His name among Chapter 35 the books of the prophets did not understand, all nations by the apostles, there is joy af- Other Fulfilled Prophecies and therefore did not recognize Christ even forded to those who expect the immortality “And how Christ after He was born was to when He came, but even hate us who say that promised by Him.” escape the notice of other men until He grew He has come, and who prove that, as was Chapter 43 to man’s estate, which also came to pass, predicted, He was crucified by them.” Responsibility Asserted hear what was foretold regarding this. There Chapter 40 “But lest some suppose, from what has are the following predictions: — ‘Unto us Christ’s Advent Foretold been said by us, that we say that whatever a child is born, and unto us a son is given, “And hear how it was foretold concern- happens, happens by a fatal necessity, be- and the government shall be upon His shoul- ing those who published His doctrine and cause it is foretold as known beforehand, ders;’ which is significant of the power of proclaimed His appearance, the above- this too we explain. We have learned from the cross, for to it, when He was crucified, mentioned prophet and king speaking thus the prophets, and we hold it to be true, that He applied His shoulders, as shall be more by the Spirit of prophecy: ‘Day unto day ut- punishments, and chastisements, and good clearly made out in the ensuing discourse. tereth speech, and night unto night showeth rewards, are rendered according to the merit And again the same prophet Isaiah, being knowledge. There is no speech nor language of each man’s actions. Since if it be not inspired by the prophetic Spirit, said, ‘I where their voice is not heard. Their voice so, but all things happen by fate, neither is Find us on the Internet - www.prophecyinthenews.com Prophecy in the News 37
  • 4. Find us on the Internet - www.prophecyinthenews.com anything at all in our own power. For if it be bring Christ to heaven after He had raised have already taken place came to pass when fated that this man, e.g., be good, and this Him from the dead, and would keep Him foretold, and even though unknown, so other evil, neither is the former meritori- there until He has subdued His enemies the shall the things that remain, even though ous nor the latter to be blamed. And again, devils, and until the number of those who they be unknown and disbelieved, yet come unless the human race have the power of are foreknown by Him as good and virtuous to pass. For the prophets have proclaimed avoiding evil and choosing good by free is complete, on whose account He has still two advents of His: the one, that which is choice, they are not accountable for their delayed the consummation — hear what already past, when He came as a dishonored actions, of whatever kind they be. But that was said by the prophet David. These are and suffering Man; but the second, when, it is by free choice they both walk uprightly his words: ‘The Lord said unto My Lord, Sit according to prophecy, He shall come from and stumble, we thus demonstrate.” Thou at My right hand, until I make Thine heaven with glory, accompanied by His Chapter 44 enemies Thy footstool. The Lord shall send angelic host, when also He shall raise the Not Nullified by Prophecy to Thee the rod of power out of Jerusalem; bodies of all men who have lived, and shall “And the holy Spirit of prophecy taught and rule Thou in the midst of Thine enemies. clothe those of the worthy with immortality, us this, telling us by Moses that God spoke With Thee is the government in the day of and shall send those of the wicked, endued thus to the man first created: ‘Behold, be- Thy power, in the beauties of Thy saints: with eternal sensibility, into everlasting fore thy face are good and evil: choose the from the womb of morning have I begotten fire with the wicked devils. And that these good.’ And again, by the other prophet Isa- Thee.’ That which he says, ‘He shall send things also have been foretold as yet to be, iah, that the following utterance was made to Thee the rod of power out of Jerusalem,’ we will prove. By Ezekiel the prophet it was as if from God the Father and Lord of all: is predictive of the mighty word, which said: ‘Joint shall be joined to joint, and bone ‘Wash you, make you clean; put away evils His apostles, going forth from Jerusalem, to bone, and flesh shall grow again;’ and from your souls; learn to do well; judge preached everywhere; and though death is [Isaiah said] ‘every knee shall bow to the the orphan, and plead for the widow: and decreed against those who teach or at all Lord, and every tongue shall confess Him.’ come and let us reason together, saith the confess the name of Christ, we everywhere And in what kind of sensation and punish- Lord: And if your sins be as scarlet, I will both embrace and teach it. And if you also ment the wicked are to be, hear from what make them white as wool; and if they be red read these words in a hostile spirit, ye can was said in like manner with reference to like as crimson, I will make them white as do no more, as I said before, than kill us; this; it is as follows: ‘Their worm shall not snow. And if ye be willing and obey Me, ye which indeed does no harm to us, but to rest, and their fire shall not be quenched;’ shall eat the good of the land; but if ye do you and all who unjustly hate us, and do not and then shall they repent, when it profits not obey Me, the sword shall devour you: repent, brings eternal punishment by fire.” them not. And what the people of the Jews for the mouth of the Lord hath spoken it.’ Chapter 47 shall say and do, when they see Him coming And whatever both philosophers and poets The Desolation of Judea Foretold in glory, has been thus predicted by Zecha- have said concerning the immortality of “That the land of the Jews, then, was to be riah the prophet: ‘I will command the four the soul, or punishments after death, or laid waste, hear what was said by the Spirit winds to gather the scattered children; I contemplation of things heavenly, or doc- of prophecy. And the words were spoken as will command the north wind to bring them, trines of the like kind, they have received if from the person of the people wondering and the south wind, that it keep not back. such suggestions from the prophets as have at what had happened. They are these: ‘Sion And then in Jerusalem there shall be great enabled them to understand and interpret is a wilderness, Jerusalem a desolation. lamentation, not the lamentation of mouths these things. And hence there seem to be The house of our sanctuary has become or of lips, but the lamentation of the heart; seeds of truth among all men; but they are a curse, and the glory which our fathers and they shall rend not their garments, but charged with not accurately understanding blessed is burned up with fire, and all its their hearts. Tribe by tribe they shall mourn, [the truth] when they assert contradictories. glorious things are laid waste: and Thou and then they shall look on Him whom they So that what we say about future events refrainest Thyself at these things, and hast have pierced; and they shall say, Why, O being foretold, we do not say it as if they held Thy peace, and hast humbled us very Lord, hast Thou made us to err from Thy came about by a fatal necessity; but God sore.’ And ye are convinced that Jerusalem way? The glory which our fathers blessed, foreknowing all that shall be done by all has been laid waste, as was predicted. And has for us been turned into shame.’” men, and it being His decree that the future concerning its desolation, and that no one From these examples in the writings of actions of men shall all be recompensed should be permitted to inhabit it, there was Justin Martyr, we can see that the study of according to their several value, He fore- the following prophecy by Isaiah: ‘Their prophecy was a primary factor in proving to tells by the Spirit of prophecy that He will land is desolate, their enemies consume it the Gentiles that Jesus Christ was the long- bestow meet rewards according to the merit before them, and none of them shall dwell looked-for Savior of the world. Note that of the actions done, always urging the hu- therein.’ And that it is guarded by you lest Justin could not conclude his treatise with- man race to effort and recollection, showing any one dwell in it, and that death is decreed out mentioning the prophecies of Christ’s that He cares and provides for men. For against a Jew apprehended entering it, you Second Advent. And today, we await the not only do we fearlessly read them; but know very well.” Rapture. We look forward to the sound of as you see, bring them for your inspection, Chapter 52 the trumpet when the dead in Christ will be knowing that their contents will be pleas- Christ’s Second Advent Foretold raised and we shall be translated. Soon, the ing to all. And if we persuade even a few, “Since, then, we prove that all things prophecies that Justin referred to will come our gain will be very great; for, as good which have already happened had been to pass. A Tribulation Period will bring the husbandmen, we shall receive the reward predicted by the prophets before they came world down to Armageddon. Then Christ from the Master.” to pass, we must necessarily believe also will appear in the clouds, with us at His side, Chapter 45 that those things which are in like manner rescue the Jewish people, set up Heaven’s Christ’s Return to Heaven Foretold predicted, but are yet to come to pass, shall kingdom, and rule over all nations as King “And that God the Father of all would certainly happen. For as the things which of kings and Lord of lords. u 38 Prophecy in the News Find us on the Internet - www.prophecyinthenews.com