What is hardware, which input devices are most frequently used nowadays, why are some good to use, while others are outdated? This presentation is an answer to all this questions and it also has a small part about sensors (what are sensors and what types are there)

1. Hardware
Types of computers
Input devices

2. SMILE

3. Introduction
 Hardware???
 Computers are categorised by their size
and power!
 We are going to focus on hand-held
computers
 Nowdays most procesing is done on
mainframe computers and
supercomputers
 Some calculations like weather forcast
would take enormous time if processed
on a your computer.

4. Airlines and large hotels need also
very capable computers alse they
would not be able to do simple
search due to their large database
size!!!!!!!!!
For these and many other reasons
we do need powerfuil computers

5. Microcomputers & microprocessors
 Computers we use are called
microcomputers
 However all computers consist out of
following parts:
 Input devices
 Output devices
 Processor
 Storage device

6. Homework!!!!!!!
 Try to find examples (& pictures) of big
size computers!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

7. Cont.....
 Processor consist out of number of
different parts  all of these parts fit on
one small chip  microprocessor
 All on one chip  integrated chips.
 Microprocessors are dedicated devices
 Why?
 You can’t take microprocessor out of you
microwave and put it into your washing
mashine.

8. Input devices
 No use of computers if you cannot tell it to do
something!
 We need input devices  data & commands
 When thinking of input devices  what is needs
to input to the computer!!!!
 An input device lets you communicate with a
computer. You can use input devices to enter
information and issue commands. A keyboard,
mouse, scanner, digital camera, touch pads
and joystick are examples of input devices.

9. Keyboards
 Invented 100 years agoUsed to type data into the
computer
 Most common input device today
 Has special keys for giving the computer commands
 Commands tell the computer to do something, like save
the file
 These special keys are called command or function keys
 There is no specific standard but we have stuck to the
qwerty keyboard
 Different types of keyboards
 It depends what we need to input
 ATM keyboard, piano keyboard, alarm system keboard
etc.

11. Pointing devices
 Touch-sensitive screens are nice thing
but not in all situations!
 When we have to select something that
is to small for our finger it is better to use
 pointing devices
 Mouse  one of the pointing devices
 Laptops have tracker balls or a touch
pad
 Joystick allows to give direction
used for game playing and more
serious once  aircraft navigation

12. Mouse - most common pointing device

13. Track ball - basically an upside down mouse

14. Joystick

15. Game controller

16. Video digitiser and scanners
 Everything around us is in analog form
 So we need to store and analoge picture
in a computer
 We need analoge to digitale converter
(A/D converter)
 Video digitiser is a device like scanner that
converts anal. picture into digit. picture
 Picture is split into number of pixels 
same in digital cameras

17. Scanners
 A scanner allows you to scan documents,
pictures, or graphics and view them on the
computer. You can also use software to edit
the items you scan.
 Used to put printed pictures and text into a
computer
 Converts an image into dots that the computer
can understand
 To scan text, optical character recognition
(OCR) software is needed

19. Remote control
Uses usually infrared beam
Every time to press a button it will
send some coded data

20. Digital cameras
 Used to take electronic
pictures of an object
 The pictures taken by a
digital camera can be
used directly by a
computer


21. Video Capture Card
 Usually place inside the computer's case
 Use to put video into a computer
 Need a video source, either a video
camera or video recorder

22. Magnetic input devices
 These are not storage devices
 Magnetic input devices come in two
forms:
 Magnetic stripes  put usually on a back
of credit and bank cards  contain
information about the card holder it is
read by magnetic stripe reader
 Magnetic ink specilized ink very easy
for machine to read it by magnetic ink
character recognition MICR  account
numbers on cheques.

23. Optical mark readers
 OMRs  devices used to read marks
made in pencil or other forms of
documents
 It is sometimes very practical and usefull
 Multiple choice questions or survey
results, signitures or whole documents.

24. Graphics tablets
 It is used with stylus to input freehand
work into a computer
 It is practical for those disabled who
cannot use keyboard or mouse
 What ever you draw or write is going to
be transfered to the computer

25. Light pen
 It is used as a pointing device
 User points at the screen and the
computer uses information about timing
and light intensity to highlight the
position on the screen
 It is very much usefull for filling in
onscreen data-capture forms

26. Microphones
 It is used to input sound to a computer
 Sounds are analog data so they have to
be converted into digital form
 Microphones can be used for voice
recognition applications as well as for
voice commands

28. MIDI
 Most of the musical instruments are
electronic and a computer is electronic
 Still musical instruments cannot directly
communicate with computers
 We need device called MIDI  musical
instrument digital interface

29. Sensors
 Devices that input data automatically
from the physical world
 There are two sort of sensors:
 Ones that sensor things that human being
can detect (temperature & light)
 Ones that sensor things that human beings
cannot detect (magnetism, microwave
beam)

30. The main sensor types are:
TEMPERATURE
SOUND
MAGNETISM
RADAR
LIGHT
PRESSURE
TOUCH
MICROWAVE
PROXIMITY SENSORS
PROXIMITY SENSORS
PROXIMITY SENSORS
Proximity sensors  measure how close something is to sensor.