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“Circulatory System” (Jacob Sarnoff, 1924)
“Circulatory System” (Jacob Sarnoff, 1924)
MY FATHER, RABBI ISRAEL SARNOFF
,




             THE CINIiJfA IN SURGERY

    Recording in JIOtion picturea the operation
    tor the removal. ot a twiated ovarian qat
NES INFLATED BY TH E
MO -V!        ME iHO D
1896
First
commercial
film
exhibition
Eugène-Louis
    Doyen begins
    making
    surgical films
  1898
1896
First
commercial
film
exhibition
AMA
    Eugène-Louis    introduces
    Doyen begins    motion
    making          picture
    surgical films   theaters
  1898              1915
1896
First
commercial
film
exhibition
AMA
    Eugène-Louis    introduces
    Doyen begins    motion
    making          picture
    surgical films   theaters
  1898              1915
1896                   1917
First                     Sarnoff
commercial                begins
film                       making
exhibition                films
AMA
    Eugène-Louis    introduces      AMA
    Doyen begins    motion          bans
    making          picture         surgical
    surgical films   theaters        films
  1898              1915 1921
1896                   1917
First                     Sarnoff
commercial                begins
film                       making
exhibition                films
AMA
    Eugène-Louis    introduces      AMA
    Doyen begins    motion          bans
    making          picture         surgical
    surgical films   theaters        films
  1898              1915 1921
1896                   1917 1924
First                     Sarnoff         Sarnoff
commercial                begins          makes
film                       making          “Circulatory
exhibition                films            System”
AMA                           AMA closes
    Eugène-Louis    introduces      AMA           motion-
    Doyen begins    motion          bans          picture
    making          picture         surgical      theaters
    surgical films   theaters        films          altogether
  1898              1915 1921 1928
1896                   1917 1924
First                     Sarnoff         Sarnoff
commercial                begins          makes
film                       making          “Circulatory
exhibition                films            System”
AMA                           AMA closes
    Eugène-Louis    introduces      AMA           motion-
    Doyen begins    motion          bans          picture
    making          picture         surgical      theaters
    surgical films   theaters        films          altogether
  1898              1915 1921 1928
1896                   1917 1924   1935
First                     Sarnoff         Sarnoff              American
commercial                begins          makes                College of
film                       making          “Circulatory         Surgeons
exhibition                films            System”              begins
                                                               endorsing
                                                               films
AMA                           AMA closes                AMA
    Eugène-Louis    introduces      AMA           motion-                   reintroduces
    Doyen begins    motion          bans          picture                   motion-
    making          picture         surgical      theaters                  picture
    surgical films   theaters        films          altogether                theaters
  1898              1915 1921 1928      1941
1896                   1917 1924   1935
First                     Sarnoff         Sarnoff              American
commercial                begins          makes                College of
film                       making          “Circulatory         Surgeons
exhibition                films            System”              begins
                                                               endorsing
                                                               films
Eugène-Louis Doyen separating
“Siamese twins” Radica and Doodica in 1902
“There is a personal flavor
about the photograph which
is absent in the drawing or the
outline.”
“spoiled by beautiful
photoengravings”
“spoiled by beautiful
photoengravings”

         “simple diagrams
         would have been
         most instructive”
“depriving us
of diagrams”
“depriving us
of diagrams”

 “due place”
“connected
sequence”
“Circulatory System” (Jacob Sarnoff, 1924)
“Circulatory System” (Jacob Sarnoff, 1924)
Animation frames, 1951
“We need
diagrams ...
“We need
diagrams ...
      ...that will
      show the
      actual technic”
“interpolate
animation where
[photography]
fails”
“your own
ability to
think in
diagram”
“Circulatory System” (Jacob Sarnoff, 1924)
“Circulatory System” (Jacob Sarnoff, 1924)
American College of Surgeons Multimedia Atlas of Surgery (2006)
American College of Surgeons Multimedia Atlas of Surgery (2006)
“Circulatory System” (Jacob Sarnoff, 1924)
“Circulatory System” (Jacob Sarnoff, 1924)
miriam.posner@emory.edu

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Depth Perception: Surgical Film and the Problem of Anatomical Legibility

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