Energy Audit

A
PROJECT REPORT
ON
“ENERGY CONSERVATION AND AUDITING OF B.C.O.E”
PROJECT WORK SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF
THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
In
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SUBMITTED BY
MILIND WAYALE HITEN RATOD
SANTOSH PESHA AKHIL CHINKARA
SIDDESH PARKAR
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
PROF. R.R.AHIRE
LEELAVATI AWHAD INSTITUDE OF TECHNOLOGY
MS & R KANHOR BADLAPUR (WEST)
AFFILIATED TO
UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
ACADEMIC YEAR 2015-2016
Innovative Engineer’s And Teacher’s Education Society’s
LEELAVATI AWHAD INSTITUDE
OF TECHNOLOGY
M S & R
Kanhor, Badlapur (west)-421504,Phone: 0251-2665001
website: www.lait.in
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
CCE
This is to certify that the Project / Dissertation entitled “ENERGY CONSERVATION
AND AUDITING OF B.C.O.E” submitted by
SANTOSH PESHA HITEN RATOD
MILIND WAYALE AKHIL CHINKARA
SIDDESH PARKAR
In partial requirement for the award of Bachelor of Engineering in Mechanical
Engineering of University of Mumbai, is a bonafide work to the best of our knowledge and
may be placed before the Examination Board for their considerations.
Prof. R.R.Ahire Prof. Vishwas Pudale
Project Guide Head Of Department
Dr.S.N.Barai
Principal
CERTIFICATE

LEELAVATI AWHAD INSTITUDE
OF TECHNOLOGY
M S & R
Kanhor, Badlapur (west)-421504, Phone: 0251-2665001,
Website: www.lait.in
Certificate of Undertaking
We,
SANTOSH PESHA
HITEN RATOD
MILIND WAYALE
AKHIL CHINKARA
SIDDESH PARKAR
hereby declare that project entitled “ENERGY CONSERVATION AND AUDITING OF
B.C.O.E” Undertaking at Leelavati Awhad Institute of Technology M S & R
by us in partial fulfillment of B.E. Mechanical Degree (SemesterVIII)
Examination, is our original work and the Project has not formed the basis for the award
of any degree, associate ship, fellowship or any other similar titles, either in Mumbai
University or any other University of India.
SANTOSH PESHA
HITEN RATOD
MILIND WAYALE
AKHIL CHINKARA

SIDDESH PARKAR
LEELAVATI AWHAD INSTITUTE
OF TECHNOLOGY
M S & R
Kanhor, Badlapur (west)-421 504, Phone: 0251-2665001
Website: www.lait.in
Certificate of Approval of Examiners
This is to certify that the Project /Dissertation entitled “ENERGY CONSERVATION
AND AUDITING OF B.C.O.E” is bonafide record of project work done by
SANTOSH PESHA
HITEN RATOD
MILIND WAYALE
AKHIL CHINKARA
SIDDESH PARKAR
This Dissertation/Project has been approved for the award of Bachelor’s Degreein
MechanicalEngineering of University of Mumbai.
External Examiner Internal Examiner
Date:

Place:
Acknowledgement
I would like to express my sincere gratitude towards my guide, Prof.R.R.AHIRE for the
help, guidance and encouragement, he provided during the course of this work. This work
would have not been possible without his valuable time, patience and motivation. I thank him
for making my stint thoroughly pleasant and enriching. It was great learning and an honour
being his student.
I am deeply indebted to principal Dr.S.N.Barai (Principal, BCOE, Badlapur),and Prof. Vishwas
Pudale (HOD, BCOE, Badlapur) and Prof....... (Project Coordinator) they supported me with
scientific guidance, advice and encouragement, they were always helpful and enthusiastic and
this inspired me in my work.
I would also like to thank to my classmates and friends for the wonderful time we had together.
I am forever indebted for their moral support and encouragement throughout my education.
SANTOSH PESHA
HITEN RATOD
MILIND WAYALE
AKHIL CHINKARA
SIDDESH PARKAR

INTRODUCTION
1.1 CONCEPT
The term “energy audit” is in principle well known and commonly used. There is however one
problem which can easily lead to misunderstandings. The fact is that the term “energy audit” is
only a general term like “a car”. What is actually meant by the term in individual conversations
can in practise include an extremely wide range of different applications
The term “energy audit” is a good general definition but should also be used only as such. The
variety within the family of energy audits should be understood and the importance of defining
also the content and the scope of the audit in more detail. Most of the different kinds of energy
audits have been developed on national level and for a specific purpose – like the different types
of cars: vans, station wagons, sports cars. Therefore, although the terminology seems to be
similar, it is very likely that the actual subject of the discussion is more or less different.
An energy audit is an inspection, survey and analysis of energy flows for energy conservation in
a building, process or system to reduce the amount of energy input into the system without
negatively affecting the output(s). When the object of study is an occupied building then
reducing energy consumption while maintaining or improving human comfort, health and safety
are of primary concern. Beyond simply identifying the sources of energy use, an energy audit
seeks to prioritize the energy uses according to the greatest to least cost effective opportunities
for energy savings.
The term energy audit is commonly used to describe a broad spectrum of energy studies ranging
from a quick walk-through of a facility to identify major problem areas to a comprehensive
analysis of the implications of alternative energy efficiency measures sufficient to satisfy the
financial criteria of sophisticated investors. Numerous audit procedures have been developed for
non-residential buildings . Energy conservation opportunities (or measures) can consist in more
efficient use or of partial or global replacement of the existing installation.
The various ways for reducing energy consumption are available globally and one of the famous
way is the passive solar building design. In passive solar building design, windows, walls, and

floors are made to collect, store, and distribute solar energy in the form of heat in the winter and
reject solar heat in the summer. This is called passive solar design or climatic design because,
unlike active solar heating systems, it doesn't involve the use of mechanical and electrical
devices.
The key to designing a passive solar building is to best take advantage of the local climate.
Elements to be considered include window placement and glazing type, thermal insulation,
thermal mass, and shading. Passive solar design techniques can be applied most easily to new
buildings, but existing buildings can be retrofitted.
In order to clarify the content of the issues presented in the following chapters there is a need to
define some assisting terms :
The overall target of an energy audit is here called ”a site” although the actual target may be a
building, a complex of several buildings, an industrial site, etc.

An energy audit may also be targeted to include only ”a system”, which here means any energy
consuming mechanical or electrical system (e.g. lighting, ventilation, frost protection, domestic
hot water).
“Process supply systems” mean the energy consuming mechanical or electrical systems serving
the production processes in industry (e.g. steam, compressed air, process cooling).
“Technical maintenance staff” means the personnel responsible for the every-day operation, use
and maintenance of the various energy using systems, including mechanical, electrical and
process supply systems. A member of this staff should take part in the energy audit, giving
information and assisting the auditors.

1.2 OBJECTIVES
The primary objective of energy management is to maximize profits and minimize costs. The
main objectives of energy management programs include:
 Improving energy efficiency and reducing energy use, thereby reducing costs.
 Reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve air quality.
 Cultivating good communication on energy matters.
 Developing and maintaining effective monitoring, reporting and management strategies
for wise energy usage.
 Finding new and better ways to increase returns from energy investments through
research and development.
 Reducing the impacts of curtailments, brownouts or any interruption in energy supplies.
 To achieve increased energy efficiency and energy cost savings for the consumer through
simple ways.
 To identify the most efficient and cost-effective Energy Conservation Opportunities
(ECOs) or Measures (ECMs) since most of the common people are unaware of the
various ways available even at their premises which would reduce energy consumption to
a great extent.

 To make people realize that conservation of energy and profit are related terms because
people will only emphasize on energy conservation only if they see their own profit in it.
 Increasing awareness among people to save energy and enforce on them the idea of using
other natural resources like solar, wind etc.
 Promote an energy supply system based largely on renewable sources of energy.
 Initiate action for accelerated development of all renewable energy resources.
 Promote technologies of production, transportation and end use of energy that are
environmentally benign and cost effective.
 Maximize returns from the assets already created in the commercial sector.
 Initiate measures for reducing technical losses in devices and end use of all forms of
energy.
 Initiate action to reduce the energy intensity of the different consuming sectors of the
premises and promote conservation and demand management through appropriate
organisational and fiscal measures.

1.3 SCOPE
The importance of energy conservation needs to be spread among common people because they
feel little about energy usage. Saving energy in the form of electricity can lead to a better life and
more profits. Electricity saved some where is electricity used somewhere. If we save it in cities it
might be that it can be used more efficiently in villages .Till today, most of our villages
experience load shedding for a no. of hours in a day, might be we may be the reason for that. If
every individual takes a part in saving even a small amount of energy per day then also, it would
make a large difference for the society.
If any nation decides to save energy produced effectively then it may lead to a great plan and a
very important message could be sent throughout the world. When every individual feels that he
should save energy for his own and his country’s profit then also it would make a large
difference
One of the primary ways to improve energy conservation in buildings is to use an energy audit.
An energy audit is an inspection and analysis of energy use and flows for energy conservation in
a building, process or stem to reduce the amount of energy input into the system without
negatively affecting the output(s). This is normally accomplished by trained professionals and
can be part of some of the national programs discussed above. In addition, recent development of
smart phone apps enable homeowners to complete relatively sophisticated energy audits
themselves. Building technologies and smart meters can allow energy users, business and
residential, to see graphically the impact their energy use can have in their workplace or homes.
Advanced real-time energy metering is able to help people save energy by their actions.
Energy auditing has proved to be an effective and concrete method to achieve rapid
improvements in energy efficiency in buildings and industrial processes. Countries with ongoing
auditing programmes consider energy audits as the most effective tool which in addition to
energy savings have positive and measurable influence on CO2-emissions, on employment in the
construction sector and to the profitability of the audited companies. By active implementation of
state-of-the-art energy audit programmes an average of 10 to 15 % energy savings can easily be

achieved. The non-existing communication between parties involved in auditing activities has
probably been the main barrier to wider introduction and long-term engagements.
Energy plays a key role in achieving the desired economic growth. The entire fabric of
developmental goals is webbed around a successful energy strategy. Energy is a pivotal
prerequisite of developed economy and social structures. One of the major problems concerning
its supply is the depleting nature of the extraction of fossil resources, combined with the need for
transition to renewable energy supplies. The last depends on a number of scientific and
technological break through. Meanwhile, energy conservation promises to fill the gap between
supply and demand. Several measures for conservation of energy are very important for
consideration. The conservation of energy, therefore, is using less more wisely than before.
Saving a watt is nearly always cheaper than increasing the supply by a watt. The energy industry
is one of the most capital intensive. Efficient utilization of energy resource is not only
conservational it also saves capital investment. Thus conservation is really the cheapest of energy
resources at least until its potential is exhausted. In this paper importance of energy management
and its benefits are discussed. Use of energy efficient equipments to save energy is proposed.

An energy audit is a study of a plant or facility to determine how and where energy is used and to
identify methods for energy savings. There is now a universal recognition of the fact that new
technologies and much greater use of some that already exist provide the most hopeful prospects
for the future. The opportunities lie in the use of existing renewable energy technologies, greater
efforts at energy efficiency and the dissemination of these technologies and options.
Energy conservation means using energy more efficiently or reducing wastage of energy. It is
important that any energy conservation plan should only to try to eliminate wastage of energy
without in any way affecting productivity and growth rate. A small decrease in convenience or
comfort can be tolerated. Energy conservation usually requires new investment in more efficient
equipment to replace old inefficient ones. Thus energy conservation can result in more job
opportunities, lower costs, cheaper and better products etc.There are two principles of energy
conservation planning which are discussed below:
 Maximum energy efficient: A device, system or process is working at maximum
efficiency when maximum work is done for a given magnitude of energy input. Only a
part of the input energy is converted into useful work. The remainder is lost in energy
conversion and transfer process and energy discharge.
 Maximum cost effectiveness in energy use: Implementation of energy conservation
entails additional investment. This investment increases as more and more energy
conservation measures are adopted. Because of implementation of these measures the
fuel costs decrease as extent of conservation is increased. The total cost per unit output is
the sum of annual charges on investment per unit output and fuel costs per unit output.
Evidently maximum cost effectiveness in energy use is obtained when total costs are the
least.

1.4 SIGNIFICANCE
The world is moving towards an impending energy crisis, hence promoting public understanding
and awareness about different kinds of energy generation, dissemination and their consumption
has become very important. Due to limited amount of non renewable energy sources on the
earth, it is necessary to conserve our current supply or to use renewable sources so that our
natural resources will be available for future generations. It is said that one unit saved is
equivalent to the two units generated.
Commercial energy saving has become a big concern all over the world. Several policies have
been developed, almost by all the nations; still the required output is not obtained. The
commercial management should know the price of primary or secondary energy it is using.
There is a tariff structure designed by electricity suppliers, which may be unknown to the
management. The ultimate solution to control the surplus use of energy is to hoist its value. But
it is an opinionated decision. Hence, again the rural and semi urban area will suffer from load
shedding.

The commercial energy consumption is growing at fast rate due to high living standards, and
lifestyles. Developed countries have been promoting the production of energy efficient
appliances. At the same time attention must be given towards improving the awareness of usage
of energy among populace. Rating of commercial offices according to their energy usage,
incentives for energy efficient offices in their energy bills, energy audit of offices are the few
suggestions to condense the residential energy consumption. Environmental aspect can’t be
neglected in improving energy awareness.
Disparities in household energy use exist between rural and urban populations, between high
and low income groups within a country, and among countries. The major factors contributing
to these differences are levels of urbanization, economic development, and living standards.
Other factors are country or region specific, such as climate or cultural practices. In rural areas,
due to slow process of urbanization the energy infrastructure has not yet been completed, there
are the opportunities to encourage acquisition of innovative energy systems.
Energy has an important function. It is the central force behind our productivity, our leisure and
our environment. There is a strong correlation between energy use per person and standard of
living in each economy. A higher per capita energy consumption means a higher per capita gross
national product. Energy is an indispensable component of industrial product, employment,
economic growth, environment and comfort. Low cost energy was abundant in the past. Energy
cost was only a very small fraction of the cost of finished product. Use of low cost energy for
home comfort became very predominant. The subsequent increase in oil prices increased the
energy cost in every sector, domestic, commercial, industrial etc. The per capita energy
consumption in India is very low as compared to that in advanced countries. However our energy
resources are fast getting depleted. Thus energy saving or conservation is essential in developed
as well as developing countries.
In any industry, the three top operating expenses are often found to be energy (both electrical
and thermal), labour and materials. If one were to relate to the manageability of the cost or
potential cost savings in each of the above components, energy would invariably emerge as a top
ranker, and thus energy management function constitutes a strategic area for cost reduction.

Energy Audit will help to understand more about the ways energy and fuel are used in any
industry, and help in identifying the areas where waste can occur and where scope for
improvement exists.
The Energy Audit would give a positive orientation to the energy cost reduction, preventive
maintenance and quality control programmes which are vital for production and utility activities.
Such an audit programme will help to keep focus on variations which occur in the energy costs,
availability and reliability of supply of energy, decide on appropriate energy mix, identify energy
conservation technologies, retrofit for energy conservation equipment etc. In general, Energy
Audit is the translation of conservation ideas into realities, by lending technically feasible
solutions with economic and other organizational considerations within a specified time frame.
The primary objective of Energy Audit is to determine ways to reduce energy consumption per
unit of product output or to lower operating costs. Energy Audit provides a “ bench-mark”
(Reference point) for managing energy in the organization and also provides the basis for
planning a more effective use of energy throughout the organization.

LITERATURE REVIEW
 LITERATURE STUDY
Electric energy occupies the top grade in the energy hierarchy. It finds innumerable uses in
home, industry, agriculture and in transport. The facts that electricity can be transported
practically instantaneously, is almost pollution free at the consumer level and its use can be
controlled very easily, make it very attractive as compared to other forms of energy. The per
capita consumption in any country is an index of the standard of living of the people in that
country. Electric energy demand has been rapidly increasing in India since 1947. The increase
was very sharp in the seventies. This is attributed to greater industrialization and large scale use
of electric energy for agricultural purpose. However, the per capita consumption in India is
ridiculously low as compared to that in developed countries.
Year Installed
capacity(GW)
Per capita Consumption (kwh)
1950 1.71 15.6
1961 4.65 37.9
1969 12.96 77.9
1979 26.68 130.9
1990 63.63 238.0
1997 85.79 334.3
2005 118.426 612.5
Table 2.1 shows the installed capacity and per capita consumption in India
The electrical losses are very high in India and are about 4-5 times as compared to other
developed countries. These losses are in transmission, distribution, transformation and energy
theft. The losses vary from state to state over a wide range. Many states are trying to reduce the
losses but there has not been much success. Strict enforcement and penalties are required to curb
electricity theft and pilferage.

Year Percentage losses
1950 15.2
1961 15.2
1969 17.0
1979 20.0
1990 23.3
2002 33.98
2005 31.25
2007 29.89
shows the percentage losses in different years
The seventies and eighties have seen a huge shortage of electric power in India. Some of the
reasons of the power shortage are as under:
a. Faulty planning
b. Delay in construction of power projects.
c. Inter –State Disputes.
d. Erratic Monsoons.
e. Plant Outages.
f. Transmission Losses.
g. Poor Utilization of generating equipment.
The energy demand is likely to increase at the rate of about 7.5% in the future. The total energy
requirements at the bus bars will be about 20% higher than given in table 3 because of the losses
in transmission and distribution system. It is seen that the maximum increase in demand is likely
to occur in residential sector. This is due to increase in population, greater need for housing and
rural electrification. The demand for agriculture is likely to reach saturation.

2.2 OBJECTIVESOF WORK
Audit activities, in general order, include:
• Identify all energy systems
• Evaluate the condition of the systems
• Analyze the impact of improvements to those systems
• Write up an energy audit report
Primary Energy Audit Objectives are :
 The First objective is to acquire and analyze data and finding the energy consumption
pattern of these facilities
 The second objective will be to calculate the wastage pattern based on the results of
the first objective.
 The final objective is to find and implement solutions that are acceptable and feasible
Effective management of energy-consuming systems can lead to significant cost and
energy savings as well as increased comfort, lower maintenance costs, and extended
equipment life. A successful energy management program begins with a thorough energy
audit.
 The energy audit evaluates the efficiency of all building and process systems that use
energy.
 The energy auditor starts at the utility meters, locating all energy sources coming
into a facility.
 The auditor then identifies energy streams for each fuel, quantifies those energy
streams into discrete functions, evaluates the efficiency of each of those functions,
and identifies energy and cost savings opportunities.
 Recommend the installation of the most efficient lamps and electrical ballasts
available in an office building
 Review architectural plans and make changes to the design to improve the heating
and cooling properties of a new home.

 The report documents the use and occupancy of the building and the condition of the
building and building systems equipment.
 The report also recommends ways to improve efficiency through improvements in
operation and maintenance items (O&M), and through installation of energy
conservation measures (ECM).
2.3 GAP IDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEM DEFINITION
Fig. 2.1 Impact of energy efficiency policy on energy saving in IEA countries (1974–1998).
During the review of the global literature, a few important areas have been identified
which are not adequately researched or documented. First, there is a critical lack off
literature and data about GHG emissions and mitigation options in developing countries.
Whereas the situation is somewhat better in developed regions, in the vast majority of
countries detailed end-use data is poorly collected or reported publicly, making analyses
and policy recommendations insufficiently robust. Furthermore, there is a severe lack of
robust, comprehensive, detailed and upto-date bottom-up assessments of GHG reduction
opportunities and associated costs in buildings worldwide, preferably using a harmonized
methodology for analysis. In existing assessments of mitigation options, co-benefits are
typically not included, and in general, there is an important need to quantify and monetize
these so that they can be integrated into policy decision frameworks. Moreover, there is a

critical lack of understanding, characterization and taxonomization of non-technological
options to reduce GHG emissions. These are rarely included in global GHG mitigation
assessment models, potentially largely underestimating overall potentials. However, our
policy leverage to realise these options is also poorly understood.
Finally, literature on energy price elasticities in the residential and commercial sectors in
the different regions is very limited, while essential for the design of any policies
influencing energytariffs, including GHG taxes and subsidy removal.
This chapter presents background information on the potential for energy efficiency,
global energy efficiency investment gaps, and market barriers that cause the gaps. The
chapter also reports on efforts that have been pursued to close the gaps. These efforts
include government policies and measures, capacity building and enabling activities,
technology transfer and deployment, and incremental costs and co-finance. Historic trends
and key issues of global energy efficiency considered by international organizations are
also reviewed. Finally, this chapter discusses how the Global Environment Facility (GEF)
has addressed these trends and considered key issues while financing energy efficiency
projects in developing countries over the past 20 years. Removing barriers to energy
efficiency investments with governmental policies and measures has been well
documented in the energy literature, but few attempts have been made to develop global
energy efficiency policies and measures. Four relatively prominent attempts that are
related to the development of global energy efficiency policies and measures include: (1)
the work by a group of international experts on energy efficiency convened by the United
Nations Foundation (UNF) (UNF 2007); (2) a study commissioned by the World Wildlife
Fund (WWF) International (Klessmann et al. 2007); (3) an analysis conducted by the IEA
(Jollands et al. 2010); and (4) an energy savings policy report commissioned by the
European Climate Foundation (ECF) (Wesselink 2010).The efficiency gap can also be
defined as the difference between the actual level of energy efficiency and the higher level
that would be cost-effective from an individual’s or firm’s point of view. The concept of
an energy efficiency gap and market barriers to energy efficiency investment has been
used since the early 1970s. Lovins was among the first to develop a definition of energy
efficiency: using less energy to produce greater economic output (Lovins 1976).

METHODOLOGY
Detailed Energy Audit Methodology
A comprehensive audit provides a detailed energy project implementation plan for a
facility, since it evaluates all major energy using systems. This type of audit offers the
most accurate estimate of energy savings and cost. It considers the interactive effects of
all projects, accounts for the energy use of all major equipment, and includes detailed
energy cost saving calculations and project cost. In a comprehensive audit, one of the
key elements is the energy balance. This is based on an inventory of energy using
systems, assumptions of current operating conditions and calculations of energy use.
This estimated use is then compared to utility bill charges.
Detailed energy auditing is carried out in three phases: Phase I, II and III.
Phase I - Pre Audit Phase
Phase II - Audit Phase
Phase III - Post Audit Phase
The methodology to execute the energy audit would start by forming a team
and visiting the premises with prior permission of the premises officials.
The steps would be as follows :
1. The analysis of building and utility data, including study of the installed
equipment and analysis of energy bills. The various equipments installed in
the premises like lights , air conditioners , coolers and office equipments
like computers , printers etc need to be analyzed.
2. The survey of the real operating conditions including the working
environment of the people in the premises and to identify the various heat
generating elements if any.

3. The understanding of the building behaviour and of the interactions with
weather, occupancy and operating schedules like the amount of people
visiting the area and their time of stay,structure of building and various
infiltrations if present.
4. Inspecting the premises according to the office schedules and analyzing the
data. According to the survey of premises, selection of a particular energy
conservation measures is necessary which would be convenient to the
people working their.
5. The estimation of energy saving potential. To estimate the expected annual
savings and cost to implement the energy conservation measures.
The methodology adopted for the audit in detail includes
 Formation of audit groups for specific areas and end use
 Visual inspection and data collection
 Observations on the general condition of the facility and equipment
and quantification
 Identification / verification of energy consumption and other
parameters by measurements
 Detailed calculations, analyses and assumptions
 Validation
 Potential energy saving opportunities
 Implementation

3.1 The Audit Process
The first step is to determine which audit is appropriate for a facility, given the
complexity of its systems and buildings. Then, information may be collected on the
structural and mechanical components that affect building energy use and the
operational characteristics of the facility. Much of this information can be collected
prior to the site visit. Evaluating energy use and systems before going on-site helps
identify potential savings and makes best use of time spent on-site. The audit
consists of three distinct steps: preliminary data collection and evaluation, site
visit, and analysis and reporting. An estimate of the time for each step can be
made. Allocating time for each step leads to a more comprehensive and useful audit
report. The following sections describe the tasks associated with each step of the
audit process.
1. Preliminary Data Collection
A pre-site review of building systems and their operation should generate a list of
specific questions and issues to be discussed during the actual visit to the facility.
This preparation will help ensure the most effective use of your on-site time and
minimize disruptions to building personnel. A thorough pre-site review will also
reduce the time required to complete the on-site portion of the audit.
Several steps must be taken to ensure you have all the information required to do a
thorough and accurate evaluation of energy consumption data :
 Make sure you receive copies of all monthly utility bills (for all meters) and
delivered fuel invoices.
 Sort utility bills by building or by meter and organize them into 12-month
blocks using the meter-read dates.
 Locate all meters and sub-meters. If numerous meters are used, label them
on a site plan.
 Determine which building or space is served by which meter.

 Calculate the conditioned area (in square feet) for each building.
Use a computer spreadsheet to enter, sum, and calculate benchmarks and to graph
utility information. Record energy units (kWh, therms, gallons, etc.), electric
demand (kW), and cost for each fuel type. Units of production (number of units,
occupied rooms, students, persons served, etc.) should also be included when
energy use depends on production. Relationships between energy use and those
factors that drive energy use can be determined by analyzing the data. Some of
these factors include occupancy,sales volume, floor area, and outdoor temperatures.
The Energy Use Index (EUI) is expressed in British Thermal Units/square foot/year
(BTU/ft
2
/yr) and can be used to compare energy consumption to similar building
types or to track consumption from year to year in the same building. The EUI is
calculated by converting annual consumption of all fuels to BTUs, then dividing by
the area (gross square footage) of the building. EUI is a good indicator of the
relative potential for energy savings. A comparatively low EUI indicates less
potential for large energy savings.
Graphs and consumption data mustbe analyzed to understand how energy is used at
the facility and which factors influence consumption the most. This is done by
identifying how each energy using system in the building operates during the year.
Annual energy use is allocated to either base or seasonal loads, and equipment is
matched to each category. Energy data should be organized into a presentation that
includes graphs, tables, and pie charts, which make it easier to see consumption
trends and understand how each building uses energy. Presented visually, the
information is more appealing and easier to understand than text-only format.
2.The Site Visit The site visit will be spent inspecting actual systems and
answering specific questions from the preliminary review. A full day should be
allocated on-site for each building. The amount of time required will vary
depending on the completeness of the preliminary information collected, the

complexity of the building and systems, and the need for testing equipment.
3. Analysis and Reporting
Post-site work is a necessary and important step to ensure the audit will be useful.
The auditor needs to evaluate the information gathered during the site visit,
research possible conservation opportunities, organize the audit into a
comprehensive report, and make recommendations on mechanical, structural,
operational and maintenance improvements.
Immediately after the audit, the auditor should review and clarify notes from the
site visit and complete information obtained during the audit so it isn't forgotten.
More copies of the floor plan can be used to clean up notes for permanent records.
Photos should be labeled, identified, and matched to a floor plan.
Proposed ECM and O&M lists should be reviewed. Measures lacking potential
should be eliminated and an explanation provided. Preliminary research on
potential conservation measures should be developed along with energy savings
calculations and cost estimates.
After the retrofit options are analyzed, the cost effectiveness of each ECM needs to
be determined. A number of methods have been developed to provide a uniform
method of comparison.
The least complicated of these methods is referred to as simple payback (SPB).
SPB is calculated by dividing the cost of the retrofit by the energy cost savings. The
result is the number of years after which the investment will have paid for itself.
Those projects with the shortest paybacks are assumed to be the most cost effective.
The audit report should be prepared keeping in mind the various audiences that will
be using each section. Each section should be customized to most effectively
reachthat audience.

1. Anemometers
Fig 3.1 Anemometer
Description:
Anemometers are essentially fluid flow measuring instruments. As energy audit tools, they are
most commonly used to measure air flow from heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
(HVAC) systems
3.2 MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
The various types of measuring instruments we used for the Energy Audit were as
follows :

Anemometers are classified into four types:
Rotating Vane: This instrument consists of a lightweight, fluid-driven vane, wheel or
propeller, which is connected by a gearing system to a set of recording dials which
display the amount of fluid passing through the wheel during a prescribed period. To
compensate for the mechanism=s frictional drag at low fluid velocities, an A
over-speeding@ gear train is often utilized. The over-speeding correction is usually
additive at lower fluid velocities and subtractive at higher velocities.
Bridled Vane: The velocity measurement made by this type of anemometer does not
depend on a time interval. It measures the instantaneous velocity and head, then
displays the velocity.
Deflecting Vane : Instead of using a swinging vane to deflect the fluid flow and
indicate a velocity reading, this instrument utilizes the pressure exerted on a vane.
The deflecting vane is free to move in a circular tunnel and causes a pointer to
indicate the velocity measurement on a scale. This type of anemometer is not
dependent on fluid density because it senses pressure differentials to indicate
velocities.
Hot Wire : The hot-wire anemometer is employed to measure mean and turbulent
velocity components. A fine wire is heated electrically and placed in the flow stream.
The heat transfer rate from the wire is a function of flow velocity. In the more
common constant-temperature version, the temperature of the wire is held constant
through a suitable electrical circuit. Complete commercial versions of hot-wire and
hot-film anemometers are available. These instruments are complex and relatively
costly. In the U.S. they are commonly used for energy auditing.
Application:
Anemometers are most commonly used to measure the airflow of HVAC systems, but are
also used to measure other clean air flows. For example, when testing and tuning a
HVAC systems it is important to insure that appropriate quantities of fresh air aredelivered.

2. Light Meters
Fig 3.3 Light Meters
Description:
Light meters measure illumination or light level in units of foot-candles or lumens. Light emitted
by the area of interest passes through a light-sensitive layer of cells contained in the meter. This
light is converted to an electrical signal proportional to the light=s intensity. It differs from a
conventional photographic light meter in that it is color- and cosine-corrected and measures
lighting from a wide rather than a small field. Most lighting levels encountered during energy
audits are less than 1,000 foot candles. (Note: 10.76 foot candles = 1 lux.)
Application:
Light meters are most commonly used to determine if interior lighting levels are appropriate,
both before and after lamping upgrades are made. Lighting societies (e.g., the Illumination
Engineering Society of North America) have developed guidelines for lighting levels for
different work/interior areas. These guidelines were developed to minimize eye strain and
maintain a safe environment, while not producing excess lumen levels and wasting energy. If
lighting conditions are inappropriate, lumen levels should be adjusted.

3. Ultrasonic Flow Meters
Fig 3.6 Ultrasonic Flow Meters
Description:
Ultrasonic flow meters are used to estimate fluid flow without having to penetrate piping.
Ultrasonic flow meters operate based on one of two methods. Some use the the frequency shift
(i.e. Doppler effect) experienced by an ultrasonic signal as it is reflected by bubbles or particles
(i.e., discontinuities) entrained by a flowing fluid. The magnitude of the frequency shift is
indicative of the velocity of the fluid. Other ultrasonic flow meters are able to estimate the
velocity of a clear (i.e., free of entrained particles or bubbles) liquid. Given the inside pipe
diameter, the instruments then calculate flow rate (i.e., gallons/minute or liters/minute).
Ultrasonic flow meter measurements can be relatively inaccurate.
Application:
Ultrasonic flow meters can be used to estimate flow rates entering or leaving a pump. For
example, the instrument can be used to ensure that flow rates are maintained as efficiency
improvements (i.e., reducing motor size, and re-plumbing to reducing frictional losses) are made
to plumbing systems

4. Multimeters
Fig 3.7 Multimeter.
Description:
Multimeters measure amps (electron flow) volts (Aelectrical pressure@) and ohms (resistance)
of electrical equipment. These metering abilities can also be purchased as separate instruments:
ammeters, voltmeters and ohmmeters. Ammeters are used to measure electric currents. A
voltmeter measures the difference in electrical potential between two points in an electrical
circuit. Multimeters, particularly the digital clamp-on designs, are considered the most versatile
audit instrument. Analog instruments use a separate sensing circuit each to measure volts, amps,
and ohms. Digital instruments transform the analog signals into binary signals which are counted
and displayed in a digital format. The typical multimeter will measure 0 to 300 amps, 0 to 600

volts, and 0 to 1,000 ohms. The ability to measure Atrue RMS@, or root mean squared, voltage
is vital when analyzing AC signals that may produce distorted wave forms.
Applications:
Multimeters are commonly used to check that the proper voltage is supplied to equipment, or to
determine the load on a wire or electrical device (e.g., a motor). Multimeters are also used to
determine if three-phase power supply is balanced. For example, a voltage imbalance of 3% at a
three-phase motor can result in a 25% motor temperature increase, which reduces motor life and
motor efficiency. A high-quality multimeter (or voltmeter) is required to determine voltage
balance.

5. Power Factor Meters
Fig 3.9 Power Factor Meters
Description:
Power factor meters are used to measure the power factor of electrical equipment, particularly
three-phase motors. Power factor is a measurement of the electrical current in a wire which is
doing useful work compared to the total electrical current in the wire. The non-useful component
of the current creates magnetic fields in the end-use device. These magnetic fields are not
detrimental or beneficial to the end-use device. But the non-useful component of the current
requires generation, transmission, and distribution capacity, thereby causing inefficiencies in
power systems. Power factor measurements indicate the phase shift between the voltage and the
current. A perfect 90o phase shift has a power factor of 1.0. If the phase shift is not 90o , then a
fraction of the current is not useful and the power factor is less than unity. The larger the phase
shift, the lower the power factor, and the greater the power system inefficiencies. Power factor
meters typically measure power factor over a range of 1.0 leading to 1.0 lagging and see
ampacities of up to 1,500 amperes at 600 volts. Power factor meters can be used on single- and
multi-phase electrical circuits. Multi-phase instruments simultaneously monitor all phases of
voltage and current when determining power factor.
Application:
Once a power factor meter has been used to identify low power factors and the scale of the
problem, capacitors can be installed to correct power factor problems by adding more capacity to

the wiring network. (Power factor measurements are required to properly specify capacitor
requirements.) With power factor improvement, the cost of power generation is reduced; utility
power factor charges are reduced (if levied); and transmission, distribution, facility connection,
and conductor size needs are reduced (as the I2R losses are reduced).

AUDIT REPORT FOR BHARAT COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
 PERMISSION LETTER

We conducted an Energy Audit at Bharat College of Engineering with prior permission of
the College authorities. We observed that the Mechanical Department, Computer Department,
Electronics & Telecommunication Department, Work Shop & Canteen.
Computer Department (GROUND FLOOR)

The College has following electrical equipments :
1. 4 Air-Conditioners – 4 AC at the ground floor.
2. 81 Tube lights (Each tube case has one tubes)
3. 71 Fans
4. 121 Computers with LED Monitors
5. 2 Xerox machine.
6. 11 Scanner/Printer.
7. 1 Refrigerator.
Computer Department (ground floor)

AUDIT DATA
AIR CONDITIONER DATA SHEET
Date:15/02/16 AIR CONDITIONER DATA SHEET
Qty. 2
Building ADMINISTRATION BUILDING
Location Board Room
Floor Ground
Type of A/C Split Window Packaged Other
Make Samsung
Capacity 5200W 1TR 1840PC(w)
Temp.Readings Voltage Ampere Watt Power factor Area(sq.m)
16°C
231.6 9.250 1940.45 0.904 64.67
24°C
230.22 8.824 2457 0.686 64.67

Qty. 1
Location Principal Room
Floor Ground
Make Hair
16°C
230.34 7.638 1678.24 0.986 30.45
24°C
230.34 6.918 1400 0.954 30.45

Qty. 1
Location Server Room
Floor Ground
Make samsung
16°C
233.31 10.41 2300 0.961 8.851
22°C
239.5 13.02 1700 0.961 8.851

DESCRIPTION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTS
Description
ADMIN
kW Hours of Use Days kW/Month Qty.
A/C 7.184 8 24 1371.32 4
COMPUTER 18.50 4 24 1646.4 121
TUBES 2.28 5 24 273.6 81
FAN 4.60 8 24 883.2 71
XEROX M/C 2 4 24 192 2
SCANNER/PRINTER 0.45 3 24 39.6 11
DOMESTIC
REFRIGERATOR 0.180 24 2 103.68 1
FAX M/C 0.150 ½ 5 375 1
WATER PURIFIR 1 7 24 2400 1
TOTAL 36.344
LIGHTING CALCULATIONS
SR NO LOCATION AREA(SQ.M) w W/SQ.M
1 COMPUTER CENTER-2/LAB-2 170.27 9750 57.26
2 LAB-1 66 4030 61.06
3 COMPUTER CENTER-1 46 3608 78.43
4 WAITING & RECEPTION 30.96 176 5.68
5 REGESTER &ADD.OFFICE-2 44.35 1312 30.26
6 ADDMISSION OFFICE-1 45.67 1352 29.6
7 STRONG ROOM 30 1504 5013
8 EXAMCELL 132 908 6.8
9 SEMINAR HALL-1 132 472 3.57
10 ADDMISSION OFFICE 292
11 T.P.O 208
12 PINCIPAL OFFICE 30.45 1956 64.23
13 PINCIPAL PASSAGE 15.14 148 9.61
14 BOARD ROOM 64.67 4248 65.17
15 LIBRARY 551 2504 4.54
16 PASSAGE 3 168 56
TOTAL 32636

Computer Department (FIRST FLOOR)

Description
ADMIN
COMPUTER 13.350 4 24 1281.6 89
TUBES 2.296 5 24 275.52 82
FAN 6.96 8 24 1336.62 116
WATER PURIFIR 1 OFF - - 1
TOTAL 23.806
1 CLASS ROOM -4 66 440 6.66
2 LAB-5 66 6620 100.30
3 LAB-4 66 4044 61.27
4 LAB-3&6 132 4182 31.681
5 LAB-7 66.23 3378 51
6 LAB-8 66.23 1188 17.93
7 LAB-10 66 788 11.93
8 LAB-11 66 588 8.90
9 CLASS ROOM- 3 66.65 532 7.981
10 CLASS ROOM- 2 66.65 504 7.561
11 CLASS ROOM- 1 66.65 532 7.981
12 TUTORIAL- 1 40.16 292 7.270
13 DRAWING HALL 132 1276 9.666
14 SEMINAR HALL 150.08 1676 11.167
15 PASSAGE 3 140 46.66
TOTAL 26180

Mechanical Department (GROUND FLOOR)

Description
ADMIN
COMPUTER 7.650 4 24 434.4 51
TUBES 0.980 5 24 117.6 35
FAN 2.280 8 24 437.6 38
SCANNER/PRINTER 0.250 3 24 18 5
WATER PURIFIR 1 6 24 144 1
XEROX M/C 1 4 24 96 1
BOOSTER 0.0379 8 24 7.27 1
ROUTER 0.05 8 24 9.6 1
TOTAL 13.24

SR NO. NAME OF APPRATUS
1 Vapr.comp. test rig
2 Closed type air cond. Rig
3 Ice plant test rig
4 Vapr. Absorption test rig
5 Air compressor test rig
6 Material testing quench m/c test appr.
7 Muffle furnace
8 Universal testing m/c
9 Material testing m/c
10 Digital torsional m/c
1 FIRSTADD 11.83 88 7.493
2 MAINTANCE ROOM 11.83 198 16.65
3 CENTRAL STORE 30 1432 47.73
4 TUTORIAL-3 33.26 148 4.40
5 LAB-16 66 4384 4.449
6 LAB-12 73.4 324 66.424
7 LAB-14 72 296 4.414
8 CLASS ROOM-6 66 84 1.272
9 CLASS ROOM-7 72 324 4.5
10 CLASS ROOM-5 80.89 380 4.697
11 LAB-15 66 3904 59.15
12 LAB-13 80.66 324 4.01
13 PASSAGE - 56 -
TOTAL 11744

Mechanical Department (FIRST FLOOR)

Description
ADMIN
COMPUTER 0.15 7 24 25.2 1
TUBES 1.232 5 24 147.84 44
FAN 3.120 8 24 599.04 52
BOOSTER 0.0379 24 24 7.2768 1
TOTAL 4.5899

1 VIB-LAB
2 ROPE BRAKE DYNAMOMETER
3 GYROSCOPE
4 GOVERNOR
5 WHIRLING SHAFT
6 ANALAYSIS OF CAM-PROFILE
1 CLASS ROOM-15 68.70 412 5.997
2 CLASS ROOM-14 70.45 472 6.70
3 CLASS ROOM-13 69.47 380 5.469
4 CLASS ROOM-12 66.05 472 7.146
5 CLASS ROOM-11 69 380 5.50
6 LAB-18 68 296 4.35
7 CLASS ROOM-10 67 504 7.522
8 CLASS ROOM-09 66 472 7.151
9 LAB-17 66 324 4.909
10 H.O.D CABIN 21.6 376 17.40
11 PASSAGE - 84 -
TOTAL 4172

Electronics Department (GROND FLOOR)

Description
ADMIN
COMPUTER 5.7 7 24 957.6 38
TUBES 1.428 5 24 171.36 51
FAN 3.96 8 24 760.32 66
WATER PURIFIER 1 6 24 144
TOTAL 12.238
1 LOBBY 38.22 28
2 TUTORIAL-5 42.24 148
3 SEMINAR HALL-3 133.08 1006
4 LAB-31 86.53 3016
5 H.O.D 40.06 376
6 LAB-30 91.15 3256
7 LAB-29 91.15 236
8 LAB-28 91.15 236
9 LAB-27 91.15 208
10 LAB-26 91.15 208
11 LAB-25 91.15 236
12 LAB-24 91.15 208
13 LAB-23 91.15 268
14 LAB-22 91.15 236
15 CLASS ROOM-16 65.98 324
16 CLASS ROOM-17 65.98 352
17 CLASS ROOM-18 65.98 352
18 CLASS ROOM-19 65.98 352
19 PASSAGE 2 252
TOTAL 11062

Electronic & Telecommunication Department (FIRST FLOOR)

Description
ADMIN
COMPUTER 0.45 7 24 75.6 3
TUBES 1.036 5 24 124.32 37
FAN 3.24 8 24 622.08 54
TOTAL 4.726
1 LAB-33 80.68 296
2 LAB-32 83.50 236
3 DEPARTMENT OFFICE - 148
4 LAB-40 91.15 296
5 LAB-39 91.15 386
6 LAB-38 91.15 268
7 LAB-37 91.15 208
8 LAB-36 91.15 208
9 LAB-35 91.15 446
10 LAB-34 91.15 446
11 CLASS ROOM-20 65.98 324
12 CLASS ROOM-21 65.98 324
13 CLASS ROOM-22 65.98 324
14 CLASS ROOM-23 65.98 324
15 CLASS ROOM-24 65.98 324
16 PASSAGE 2 168
TOTAL 4726

1 FREQUNCY SHIFT KEYED MODULATION
2 FREQUNCY SHIFT KEYED DEMODULATION
3 PULSE CODE MODULATION/DEMODULATION
4 FREQUNCY MODULATION/DEMODULATION
5 QAM/DEQAM MODUL/DEMO TRAINER
6 QPSK/DEQPSK MODUL/ DEMODULATION DEMO TRAINER
7 30MHZ 2CHANNEL OSCILLOSCOPE
8 AMPLITUDE SHIFT KEYED MODULATION/DEMODULATION
9 FIXED DUAL POWER SUPPLY
10 DELTA MODULATION/DEMODULATION TRAINER
11 PULSE AMPLITUDE MODULATION/DEMODULATION
12 SINGEL SIDE BEND MODULATION/DEMODULATION
13 COMPONENT DEVLOPMENT SYSTEM TRAINER
14 PULSE POSTION MODULATION/DEMODULATION TRAINER
15 CADDO 4061 2MHZ FUNCTION PULSE GENERATOR
16 PID ELECTRONIC CONTROLLER
17 STUDY OF TYPE-1 SYSTEM
19 DC POWER SUPPLY
20 DC SERVO POSTION CONTROLLER
22 TIME RECEPTION OF 2ND ORDER SYSTEM
23 TIME RECEPTION OF 1ST ORDER SYSTEM
24 SYNCRO TRANSMITER
25 SYNCRO RECIVER
26 POWER SUPPLY SYNCRO MOTOR
27 ANALOG DIGITAL TRAINER
28 DIGITAL OSCILLOSCOPE
29 STUDY OF LIGHT DIMMER CIRCUIT

30 CHARATER OF DIAC & TRIAC
31 TURN ON METHOD OF SCR
32 STUDY OF SCR CHARW
33 AC POWER COTROLLER USING DOUBLE RC NETWORK
34 SCR BRIDGE CONVERTER
35 STUDY OF 1 PHASE PULLEY CONTROLLER
36 STUDY OF ½ PHASE PULLEY CONTROLLER
37 IRON M/C
38 STUDY OF S.S.B AM MODUL
39 STUDY OF D.S.B AM MODUL
40 8051 MICRO CONTROLLER
41 COLOUR TV TRAINER
42 ANTENNA TRAINER
43 COLOUR PETTERN GENERATOR
44 DM 8045 R DUAL DISPLAY MULTY METER
45 POTENTION METER
46 REGULATED POWER SUPPLY
47 DUAL DC REGULATED POWER SUPPLY
48 ADVANCE FIBER OPTIC TRAINER
49 KLYSTRON POWER SUPPLY
50 SWR METER
51 COMPONENT DEVE
52 DETECTOR MOUNT NV209
53 STUDY OF LINEAR VARIABLE DIFFERENT TRADUSER
54 STRAIN GAUGE CHARACTER & MEASUREMENT
55 STUDY OF TEMP. CONTROLLER

Description
ADMIN
TUBES 0.14 5 24 16.80 5
FAN 1.360 8 24 261.12 21

1 HEAT PIPE DEMOSTRATOR
2 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF LIQUID
3 EMISSIVITY MEASUREMENT APPR.
4 COMPOSITE WALL APPR.
5 UNSTEADY STATE HEAT TRANSFOR
6 FORCED CONVECTION
7 PAVAN BLOWER
8 THERMAL CONDUCTIVITYOF METAL ROD
9 PARALLEL FLOW CONTER FLOW HEAT
10 PILLER & RADIAL DRILLING M/C
11 BENCH GRINDER
12 SWAING M/C HACKSHAW
13 MILLING M/C
14 KEYWAY M/C
15 LATHE M/C
16 FRANCIS TURBINE TEST RIG
17 PELTON TURBINE TEST RIG
18 CAVITATION TEST RIG
19 LOSSES IN PIPE FITTING APPR.
20 VENTURIMETER APPR.
21 PIPE FRICTION
22 CENTRIFUGAL TEST RIG
23 RECIPROCATING PUPM TEST RIG
24 MULTISTAGE CENTRIFUGAL TEST RIG
25 4-STROKE 1-CYLINDER DIESEL ENGINE WITH ROPE BRAKE DYNAMO.
26 2- STROKE1-CYLINDER PETROL ENGINE WITH ROPE BRAKE DYNAMO.
27 4-STROKE 4-CYLINDER PETROL ENGINE WITH ROPE BRAKE DYNAMO.
28 WELDING M/C
29 BERNOULIS THEORM APPR.

Description
ADMIN
TUBES 0.252 5 24 30.24 9
FAN 0.6 8 24 115.2 10
WATER PURIFIER 1 7 24 168 1
CFL 0.056 2 24 2.688 2
T.V 0.003 3 24 0.216 1
MIXER 0.550 1 24 13.2 1
FRIDGE 0.180 24 24 103.68 1
TOTAL 2.641

OBSERVATIONS
After taking various readings of the electrical equipments we observed following points in the
Bank premises:
1. After analyzing the AC’s we observed that all of them were having dust in the area of
the inlet from where the AC takes in re-circulated air & five ac’s are working but not
properly maintained.
2. Compare to area of board room, principal room & server room not at proper location of
AC.
3. The fans are installed at collage room not proper location & quantity and most of fan are
not working.
4. The tubes are installed at collage room not proper location & quantity and most of
Tubes are not working.
5. Switch board is doesn’t properly maintain & most of switches are not necessary.
6. Rao(Water Purifier) are not maintain.
7. Wastage of water due to leakage of valve & tank.
8. We saw that harmonic reading are maximum as compared to normal reading
9. Generator is not maintain proper.

ANALYSIS & SUGGESTION FOR COLLAGE
After taking various readings and doing calculations of the electrical equipments we suggested
following improvements in the collage so that they can conserve energy and have a less bill
amount.
1. We suggested them to have regular 3-monthly AC maintenance or to take an yearly AMC
(Annual Maintenance Contract) for the all 4 air-conditioners of the premises.
2. In server room AC doesn’t cooling properly due to thermal insulation then it can be control
by using thermal insulation sheet.
3. Door closer required in server room for temp. added in room it can be reduces.
4. In water purifier to fill the 1ltrs of water bottle in wastage of 5ltrs of water bottle.
5. Wastage of water that can be reuse in bathroom/toilet by providing additional storage tank.
6. Some MCB & switches are need to be replace for the in off condition observed that leakage
of current.
7. In collage all department it can uses cfl tube light it consumed 28w,38w & 48w. then need
to be replace by led of 9w,12w & 10w there for the electricity less consumed and also be
bill amount will reduces.
8.
Type of light Consumptions per bulb Total quanty Cost per bulb Total consp.
CFL 38watts 335 150 12730
LED 9watts 335 350 3015
Total saving 9715
We saving the 9715watts in a month but its initial cost per bulb is max. and LED life is
more as compare to CFL.

CONCLUSION
Energy supply is now not considered a commodity but a service. In view of that the
quality of energy supply and reliability become much more a proposition for the
user’s satisfaction rather than a simple one time commodity sale. India’s strong
economic performance of recent years requires continuing effort from the newly
formed Government to widen the ambit of economic reform. Though the Government
has given higher priority for the power development projects, the Indian power
sector is struggling with formidable difficulties of meeting the heavy demands
of electricity due to higher amount of power losses and energy thefts. Energy
conservation is the only route that can get better mileage out of the available resources.
The need is to consider the possibility of evolving an appropriate strategy for
energy conservation measures in the country to achieve economical and environmental
benefits.
Renewable energy offers a substantial potential for generating electricity. Due to the
rapid expansion of wind power plants over the past five years, renewable energy is the
fastest growing component among all the power generation sources. Combined with
potential growth of solar power plants renewable energy can also contribute to the
elimination of electricity shortages, reduction of local pollution and carbon emissions
from conventional power plants. Policies that promote faster growth of wind energy,
development of new transmission grids, and ways to integrate renewable sources into
the grid are being worked on and hopefully will be set up soon to accelerate wind
penetration. Public perception should be shifted to accept that energy is not an
entitlement, but a commodity. Energy supply cannot be taken for granted, and it
requires sufficient resources to be delivered to consumers. India’s policy objective of
inclusive development and affordable energy should be maintained, but business
viability cannot be sacrificed in the process. This perception is the foundation of a
functioning energy market and the sustainable, green growth economy that India
pursues.

REFERENCES
1. Paper of BEE on Energy Efficiency in Buildings in India (Dec 2007)
2. IJMRAE Paper (April 2012)
3. Energy efficiency improvements in commercial buildings( project document)
4. www.beeindia.in
5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_audit
6. India’s Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Potential
7. Understanding energy challenges in India

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