Understanding the Outdoor Recreation and Restoration Program Leader as "Caregiver" in the Military Context: Identifying Training Needs & Gaps
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This webinar will introduce the emerging role of outdoor recreation and restoration activities as therapeutic and resilience building for this generation’s returning warriors. Special attention will be given to better identifying and understanding the role of “care-giver” in these emergent outdoor recreation and restoration programs for veterans, and then exploring what training needs might exist for these unique caregivers.
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Understanding the Outdoor Recreation and Restoration Program Leader as "Caregiver" in the Military Context: Identifying Training Needs & Gaps
- 1. Welcome to the Military Families Learning Network Webinar Understanding the Outdoor Recreation & Restoration Program Leader as “Caregiver” in the Military Context: Identifying Training Needs & Gaps A few days after the presentation, we will send an evaluation and links to an archive and resources. We appreciate your feedback. To receive these emails, please enter your email address in the chat box before we start the recording. All chat will be recorded and archived. This material is based upon work supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Office of Family Policy, Children and Youth, U.S. Department of Defense under Award No. 2010-48869-20685.
- 2. Welcome to the Military Families Learning Network Webinar Understanding the Outdoor Recreation & Restoration Program Leader as “Caregiver” in the Military Context: Identifying Training Needs & Gaps www.eXtension.org/militaryfamilies facebook.com/militaryfamilies blogs.eXtension.org/militaryfamilies twitter.com/MilFamLN bit.ly/MFLNwebinars To receive notifications of future webinars and other learning opportunities from the Military Families Learning Network, sign up for the Military Families Learning Network Email Mailing list at: http://bit.ly/MFLNlist This material is based upon work supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Office of Family Policy, Children and Youth, U.S. Department of Defense under Award No. 2010-48869-20685.
- 4. A little about me… Keith G. Tidball, PhD Senior Extension Associate Dept. of Natural Resources, Cornell University Associate Director, Cornell Civic Ecology Lab (CEL) Theme Leader, Environmental Dimensions of Human Security New York State Extension Disaster Education Network Coordinator Faculty Fellow, David R. Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future
- 6. Roadmap for today’s webinar • Foundations – Introduction to outdoor recreation & restoration theory – History of Civic Ecology Lab involvement – Perspective of a practitioner (Ray Rainbolt) • Summary of Current Research Efforts – Research questions and methods – Preliminary findings & implications • What programs exist? – On post – Off post – out of the military • What do people perceive or say ? – Positive reports from service men and women – Discomfort in some quarters regarding some outdoor recreation activities – Perspective of a practitioner (Ray Rainbolt) • Where do we go from here? – Is it difficult to think of outdoor recreation providers as caregivers? – What training do we think they might need? – How can we make that training available?
- 7. Poll • Do you feel that a person involved in delivering outdoor recreation programming could at times find themselves in a caregiver role? (yes, no, not sure)
- 8. The UUh-Oh The Unwitting/Unprepared, Occasional Military Caregiver 25,000+ non-profits serving military community 300+ doing outdoor things
- 9. Introduction to outdoor recreation & restoration theory • Horticulture and other outdoor therapy not a new idea • Rigorous research only in the last couple of decades • There are many over views/reviews of this literature • Abraham, Sommerhalder, & Abel, 2010 • Annerstedt & Wahrborg, 2011 • Bowler, Buyung-Ali, Knight, & Pullin, 2010 • Bratman, Hamilton, & Daily, 2012 • Frumkin, 2001 • Maller, Townsend, Pryor, Brown, & St. Leger, 2006 • Pretty, 2004 • Stigsdotter et al., 2011 • Ward Thompson, 2011 Foundations
- 10. Introduction to outdoor recreation & restoration theory Impacts Study Improvements in Mood Hull & Michael, 1995 Attentional Functioning Berman, Jonides, & Kaplan, 2008 Cimprich & Ronis, 2003 Hartig, Evans, Jamner, Davis, & Garling, 2003 Kuo, 2001 Taylor, Kuo, & Sullivan, 2001 Wells, 2000 Coping Abilities Ottosson & Grahn, 2008 Disaster Resilience Tidball & Krasny, 2013 Overall Well-being Kaplan, 2001
- 11. Introduction to outdoor recreation & restoration theory • Hyer, Lee, Boyd, Stephanie, Scurfield, Ray, Smith, Dale, & Burke, Jim. (1996). Effects of Outward Bound Experience as an adjunct to inpatient PTSD treatment of war veterans. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 52(3), 263-278. • Gelkopf, Marc, Hasson-Ohayon, Ilanit, Bikman, Menashe, & Kravetz, Shlomo. (2013). Nature adventure rehabilitation for combat-related posttraumatic chronic stress disorder: A randomized control trial. Psychiatry Research, 209(3), 485493. • Lundberg, N., Bennett, J., & Smith, S. (2011). Outcomes of adaptive sports and recreation participation among veterans returning from combat with acquired disability. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 45(2), 105-120 Foundations
- 12. “…group-based nature recreation experiences offered by organizations … can have significant positive impacts on veterans.” “These findings also indicate that veterans with more severe health issues may find these programs especially beneficial.” “The positive outcomes associated with these programs can partly be attributed to spending time in restorative natural environments, however there are a number of other aspects of this experience that likely play an important role, such as personal challenge and companionship with other veterans.” Duvall & Kaplan, 2013 Foundations
- 13. History of Civic Ecology Lab involvement • Garden Mosaics NSF Funded project • Military Families Defiant Gardens project -especially concerned with navigating the deployment cycle • Moved to a focus on combat veterans • Held a retreat to ground truth these issues • Now exploring applications for active duty and transitional service men and women, through new collaboration with the Military Families Learning Network Foundations
- 14. Perspective of a Practitioner • Ray Rainbolt - Fort Drum Foundations
- 15. What is my project about? 1) Determine service member & veterans motivations for engaging in hunting, fishing, & other nature-based recreational activities. 2) Specify associated "Greening in the Red Zone" mechanisms within social-ecological systems that confer resilience and produce virtuous cycles within the military, veterans and outdoor recreation context. 3) Identify community benefits of returning warrior engagement in greening and outdoor recreation. 4) Compare the outcomes of various outdoor recreation and habitat restoration experiences in adaptation and reintegration of service members & veterans post-combat. 5) Document the growth of the nature-based veteran reintegration movement and its incorporation into local and national policy. Current Research
- 16. Preliminary findings & implications Collaborative ‘Cut and Paste’ Concept Mapping” (C3M) Current Research
- 27. Current Research
- 28. Preliminary findings & implications Current Research
- 29. On Restoration… Service men and women often ask, after a satisfying outdoor recreation activity, how they can get more involved in conservation – of the fish or animals they have encountered, or of the habitats within which they live.
- 30. Back to Uuh-Oh! Unwitting/Underprepared Occasional Military Caregivers How do we learn from & build on what the Military Caregiving community has learned to reduce Uuh-Ohs?
- 31. Poll • I know from experience that service men and women have experienced significant therapeutic benefits from outdoor recreation. Strongly agree/ agree /no opinion/ disagree/strongly disagree
- 32. Programs on Post- Military Adaptive Sports Program Provide recreational activities and competitive athletic opportunities to all recovering Service members to improve their physical and mental quality of life throughout the continuum of recovery and transition. Programs
- 33. Programs on Post- Military Adaptive Sports Program • Benefits of physical and cognitive activities include reduced emotional and physical stress, improved quality of life, lower blood pressure, weight management and enhancement of rehabilitative process • Recovery is individualized and Service members are often accountable only to themselves, losing a sense of camaraderie in the process • Adaptive athletic activities allow Service members to focus on contributing to a team’s success and build camaraderie • MASP encourages positive lifestyle development and contributes to healthy relationships with family and friends Programs
- 34. Programs on Post- Military Adaptive Sports Program There are numerous adaptive activities available to recovering Service members, and the number continues to increase to meet the needs and the adventure levels of the Service members. Some of the activities include: • Water sports and activities – including swimming, surfing, scuba diving, paddling, kayaking, canoeing, and fishing • Outdoor sports and activities – including cross country, track, cycling, golf, hiking, rock climbing, rodeo, snow skiing, sky diving, archery, baseball, softball, field sports, equine, triathlon, hunting, air Programs rifle, air pistol, skeet and trap shooting
- 35. Programs on Post- Military Adaptive Sports Program Mr. Jeff Lerner Director of Employment, Education and Reconditioning Programs Office of Warrior Care (703) 428-7641 jeffery.s.lerner.civ@mail.mil Ms. Kim Jenks, MS Military Adaptive Sports Program Office of Warrior Care (703) 428-7567 kimberlea.a.jenks.ctr@mail.mil Mr. Ron Keohane Military Adaptive Sports Program Office of Warrior Care (703) 379-9311, ext. 1837 rkeohane@afsc.com Programs
- 36. Programs on Post
- 37. Programs off post for retired or ETSed veterans Farming & Forestry Farmer Veteran Farmer Veteran Coalition Veterans to Farmers Fishing Project Healing Waters Wounded Veterans Fishing Program Hunting Freedom Isn't Free Veteran Hunt Healing Outside of a Hospital (HOOAH) Hero Hunt, Inc. Hunters Helping Heroes Patriot Hunts Sportsmen's Foundation for Military Families Veterans Outdoors Wounded Warriors In Action Foundation Wounded Warriors Outdoors Programs Outdoor Adventure Combat Wounded Veterans Challenge Outward Bound for Veterans Sierra Club Military Outdoors Team River Runner Veterans Adventure Veterans Expeditions Warriors in Motion Wounded Warrior Patrol (skiing) Restoration NOAA Veteran's Corp Veteran's Conservation Corps (WA State) Veteran's Conservation Corps (Chicago)
- 38. Upon my arrival to Rockport, I was very nervous; not knowing what to expect in conjunction with the fear of being the only fisherman to not catch any game due to a loss of feeling in my hands. However, with your support and hospitality, I was able to overcome my nerves and find comfort and relaxation almost immediately. That is very surprising to me, because I’m not usually a person that can find comfort in an unusual place. I don’t have the words to properly describe exactly what the trip meant to me during this stressful time in my life. This period where I face medical retirement from the Military that I have spent the majority of my adult life and have grown to love. At times, this period of my life seems dark and helpless, but this trip has brought light and hope to me. I was given the opportunity to build relationships with fellow Veterans, Veterans that have also transitioned from the military and have done so successfully. They offered advice and insight for my journey into the unknown and have helped me to find comfort and see that there is always life and hope around every blind curve; an experience that has proven to be one of the most invaluable experiences of my life. C. Pedro SSG Programs
- 39. “Project Healing Waters saved my life… it brought me back from a very deep and dark place.” http://www.projecthealingwaters.org/
- 40. Positive Reports from Service Men & Women • "This trip helped me to reevaluate what's important in life…It was nice to live a week without being 'plugged in' and take in the great outdoors.“ Tim • "It helped me to remember who I was and enjoy something I haven't in a long time." Dan • “The pheasant hunting was awesome! But, it was not just the hunting, it was the fellowship with my fellow veterans and the all the volunteers who gave of the time and from their heart. There is a special healing that is difficult to explain when I get in the woods to hunt. It immediately calms me being in the woods or in a field in a country atmosphere. I was very at ease which doesn’t happen to often. ” Todd • “The whole experience has been a blessing to me; to be able to experience the north woods and take the most important things back "knowledge and friendship" even though I didn't harvest a deer of any sort. ” Nathan • “This program has given my husband so much joy and has given me peace of mind knowing that the people responsible for each event understand the nature of his injuries and work with him while he is out hunting or on the lake fishing… one of the best weekends we have had since my husband was medically retired from the Army. “ Sabrina Perspectives
- 41. Discomfort in some quarters Psychiatric experts agree that there are benefits—with a big caveat. Hunting can provide opportunities for teamwork and goal-seeking that are often absent from civilian life, but any activity involving guns poses dangers too, especially for individuals with mental health issues that are common among U.S. veterans. In Maryland, the three veterans emphasized that common does not mean universal. They said they’re tired of the stereotype that returning troops are loose cannons who can’t be trusted around guns, a stereotype they feel organized hunting trips can combat. Read more: Patriot Game: Groups Promote Hunting as Therapy for Veterans | TIME.com http://swampland.time.com/2013/06/22/patriot-gamegroups-promote-hunting-as-therapy-for-veterans/#ixzz2syndlpqH Perspectives
- 42. Perspective of a practitioner (Ray Rainbolt) Perspectives
- 43. Where Do We Go From Here? • A Poll here --- Is there room in the military caregiver definition to include “occasional” caregivers who provide important and valuable outdoor recreation and restoration opportunities? (Y or N)
- 44. Where Do We Go From Here What are some ways to ensure that we reduce the Uuh-Ohs in the growing field of Outdoor Recreation and Restoration activities for service members and veterans?
- 45. Thank you! Please visit http://civicecology.org/security/returningwarriors/ kgtidball@cornell.edu
- 47. MFLN–Military Caregiving UPCOMING WEBINAR: • March 19, 2014 @ 11:00 a.m. EST • A Family Member’s Guide to Coping with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) • https://learn.extension.org/events/1466 For more information on MFLN–Military Caregiving go to: http://www.extension.org/pages/60576 This material is based upon work supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the Office of Family Policy, Children and Youth, U.S. Department of Defense under Award No. 2010-48869-20685.
- 48. Military Families Learning Network Webinars Find all upcoming and recorded webinars covering: Military Caregiving, Family Development, Personal Finance, Network Literacy http://www.extension.org/62581
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Its probably important to point out that I am no stranger to military posts, and spent time at Fort Benning where a I attended basic and AIT to become an Infantryman, and Fort Know where I attended Officer Candidate School, all while serving in the Army National Guard. I continue to serve in the NY Guard on the battalion staff of an Emergency Response Battalion. As a prior-service academic, I am happy to still be involved with the military community. I must say that I AM NOT AN EXPERT in MILITARY CARE GIVING. I am a hybrid ecologist/anthropologist who works in the field of environmental management in disaster and war, and I see the need for experts from the military caregiving community to weigh in on a complex set of issues and opportunities.My Colleague Ray, who will hear from in a few moments, is also quite familiar with Army posts. I will let him tell you more about that in a moment.
- Now, before we get any further, let’s get down to the reason we are all gathered here. In the next few slides, I am going to explain some research that describes an incredible proliferation of outdoor recreation and restoration programs and activities geared toward the military community. By some accounts, there 25,000 non-profits serving the military community right now, and more than 300 of them do things outdoors, with that number growing weekly. They all count on volunteers. Many of these volunteers, and for that matter the well-meaning professional outdoor guides and staff, have indicated that they feel HIGHLY UNPREPARED for many circumstances they have heard about or experienced themselves, referring to both physical and mental well-being issues unique to service men and women. However, they feel that they must continue to do the important work they are doing, because of the many values it brings to participants. This is a problem, but it seems a solvable one. So, please remember the Uuh-Ohs! We will return to them shortly.
- The idea that nature has therapeutic benefits is not new. In the late19th century, getting out into nature was a standard operating procedure for medical practitioners prescribing treatment for dealing with issues such as emotional distress and mental exhaustion (Schuster, 2003). But only in the last 20 years or so have researchers really begun to study the impact that contact with nature has on human health and well-being. This has resulted in a significant growth in empirical research, with lots of studies documenting the a host of different benefits related to exposure to natural environments. Reviews of this empirical literature are plentiful.
- Findings from this work suggest that even relatively short exposures to natural environments can have a significant impact on psychological health, leading to improvements in mood , attentional functioning, coping abilities, disaster resilience and overall well-being .
- Duvall & Kaplan list several studies that examined the impact of group wilderness experiences on veterans with existing mental health issues. Studies on veterans diagnosed with PTSD, have reported somewhat mixed results, with some studies finding improvements in emotional control and social connectedness, but no discernible reductions in PTSD symptoms (Hyer, Boyd, Scurfield, Smith, & Burke, 1996) and other studies reporting significant improvements in both functioning and symptomatology (Gelkopf, Hasson-Ohayon, Bikman, & Kravetz, 2013). Research on veterans with a wider variety of mental health problems suggests that participation in these programs may have positive impacts on mood, psychological health, and quality of life immediately following the experience (Lundberg, Bennett, & Smith, 2011).
- Just a few months ago Duvall & Kaplan published a study that was funded by the Sierra Club in which they found
- Ray will discuss form his personal experience the downsides of the “UU-Oh” -- unwitting, unprepared, Occassional Military Caregiverrole
- I convened groups of veterans in the Fort Drum area to explore how outdoor recreation helped them reintegrate with their families and communities. I employed a method I have called “Collaborative ‘Cut and Paste’ Concept Mapping” (C3M) wherein participants are broken up into teams of 3-5 persons. They are then given a simple task to, in this case, map the multiple ways in which outdoor recreation is important to servicemember reintegration. Participants are given no elaboration on the task and outcome. Participants are given a large supply of magazines ranging from general health magazines, hunting and fishing magazines, non-consumptive outdoor recreation magazines, gardening and hobby farming magazines, lifestyle magazines, and electronic industry magazines. They are also given scissors, glue sticks, sticky notes, a package of markers of different colors, and easel paper. Participants are then instructed to spend the first 15 minutes of group time “brainstorming” what they as a group feel are the important meanings and messages they would like to depict, and sketching a general schematic of how they will depict these meanings and messages on their final C3M map. Participants then begin a 90 minute period of interactivity to create the C3M map.
- I am going to show you some images now, and I want you to consider the importance of the combination of what is being said in the writing, and what is being communicated by the visual imagery that was chosen. Please keep in mind that this particular group included multiple women.
- We are finding significant corroboration of Stephen Kellert’s Typology of Values in Nature among the servicemembers and veterans we are working with. Interestingly, the “Negativistic” value does not seem to figure in to the experience of servicembers and veterans in their outdoor recreation and restoration activities.An area of further study is the “Scientific” value – there is great interest in restoration activities, which often are described in scientific terms, among servicemembers and veterans, but this value hasn’t appeared as strongly in the C3M process.Currently we are conducting interviews with servicemembers and veterans who participate in outdoor recreation and restoration activities. These interviews will be analyzed using “content analysis” and will help us to better understand these values and how they are reflected in outdoor recreation and restoration activities.
- Hopefully you have seen enough science to begin to confirm what you probably already suspected. Outdoor recreation and restoration activities are not only beneficial for service-members and veterans, they want these activities, and more of them, for a variety of important reasons. The question then is, how do we meet this demand, and do so in a way that builds upon what the military caregiving community has learned, to reduce the Uuh-Ohs?
- The Warrior Care Policy group is one of the groups within DOD that provides us funding for this caregiving project, and the manage the Military Adaptive Sports Program (MASP).
- Besides having parks, playgrounds and recreation areas on the Post, some installations operate travel camps, hunting areas, shooting ranges, and riding stables and trails. Others have facilities that include ice-skating rinks, hiking trails, go-cart tracks, rappelling, marinas, fishing lakes and adventure activities. Almost all outdoor recreation centers have equipment checkout centers. They rent things such as bicycles, picnic and camping gear, trailers, fishing equipment, and canoes and kayaks, all at reasonable rates. Many of the outdoor recreation offices have trained, qualified professionals who conduct classes at basic and intermediate skill levels in many of the activities offered. Army outdoor recreation programs are not limited to just on-Post or nearby activities. Many centers provide soldiers and their families worldwide opportunities to enjoy the great outdoors by offering outdoor activities and adventure—from sailing on Chesapeake Bay to skiing in the Alps.