FOCUS: PERIOD, QUESTION MARKS, EXCLAMATION POINT, AND COMMA.

3. REMEMBER THE
PUNCTUATIONS IN
TYPES OF
SENTENCES
ACCORDING TO
STRUCTURE?

5. COMPOUND
SENTENCE
JOIN INDEPENDENT CLAUSES BY A
COMMA AND A COORDINATING
CONJUNCTION (FOR, AND, NOR, BUT,
OR, YET, SO).
EX. The rehabilitation of the roads
of the south superhighway is
inconvenient, but it is necessary.

6. COMPOUND
SENTENCE
JOIN TWO INDEPENDENT CLAUSES
BY A COLON WHEN YOU WISH TO
EMPHASIZE THE SECOUND CLAUSE.
EX. Mr. Smith died of stroke: he was
sixty-seven.

7. COMPOUND
SENTENCE
JOIN INDEPENDENT CLAUSES BY A
SEMICOLON WHEN THE SECOND CLAUSE
RESTATES THE FIRST OR WHEN THE TWO
CLAUSES ARE OF EQUAL EMPHASIS.
EX. The secretary of the cabinet
ordered the arrest of Diego Ruiz; the
police immediately carried out the
order.

8. Complex SENTENCE
JOIN AN INTRODUCTORY
DEPENDENT CLAUSE WITH THE
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE BY A COMMA.
EX. Because road construction has
hindered travel around town, many
people have opted to ride bicycles or
walk to work. (We can also interchange the position of IC
and DC.)

9. Compound-Complex SENTENCE
JOIN AN INTRODUCTORY
DEPENDENT CLAUSE WITH THE
INDEPENDENT CLAUSE BY A COMMA.
SEPARATE TWO INDEPENDENT CLAUSES
BY A COMMA AND A COORDINATING
CONJUNCTION
EX. When the party arrived last Tuesday,
we were all very expectant, and we were
hoping to get only the best of the news.

10. OTHER USE OF
USE A PERIOD AT THE END OF AN
INDIRECT QUESTION.
EX. Jennifer is asking if you have
seen the latest edition of the school
paper.

11. OTHER USE OF
…AFTER AN ABBREVIATION OF
INITIAL.
EX. Atty. (attorney) Dr. (doctor)
ft. (feet) Lt. (lieutenant)

12. OTHER USE OF
…DECIMAL POINT.
EX. 1.375
.0002
3.26

13. OTHER USE OF
…SEPARATE PESOS AND
CENTAVOS.
EX. Php 275.25

14. OTHER FUNCTIONS OF
1.USE A COMMA AFTER EVERY ITEM IN A
SERIES EXCEPT THE LAST
2.USE COMMAS AFTER THE ADVERBS FIRST,
SECOND, THIRD, AND SO ON WHEN THEY
INTRODUCE A SERIES OF ITEMS.
3.USE COMMAS BETWEEN TWO OR MORE
ADJECTIVES OF EQUAL RANK THAT
MODIFY THE SAME NOUN.

15. OTHER FUNCTIONS OF
4. USE A COMMA TO SEPARATE AN
INTRODUCTORY WORD, PHRASE, OR
CLAUSE FROM THE REST OF THE SENTENCE.
5. USE COMMAS TO SET OFF NOUNS OF
DIRECT ADDRESS.
6. USE COMMAS TO SET OFF MOST
APPOSITIVES.

16. OTHER FUNCTIONS OF
7. USE COMMA BETWEEN THE DAY OF THE
MONTH AND THE YEAR

17. LET’S
EXERCISE!!!
FLIP YOUR BOOK
ON PAGE 320-321
AND ANSWER
EXERCISES 4-5.