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給青尐年的一門政治識讀課
劉若凡
台大社會學研究所碩士
大綱
破解反服貿運動的三大迷思
政治議程與社會運動
島嶼小國的政治經濟學課
反服貿運動的幾個迷思
衝立法院比較好,行政院比較不好?
反服貿運動的訴求達成了嗎?
太陽花是學運嗎?
內政爭議?還是外部爭議?
反服貿運動曲線
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
310 318 321 323 330 403 417
數列 1 欄1
社運選擇題
 立院和政院的差別:
A 江宜樺很小氣,老王比較好客。B 法律責任相同,授權位階相
似。C 立院有時間,政院沒時間。D 以上皆是E 以上皆非。
 立院和政院的差異:
A 立院有時間論述,政院一下子就清光。B 鷹派和鴿派? C 資
源上缺乏支援,仍以場內決策核心為主。D 既定的公民運動形象?和
平理性救台灣!
我們如何看待運動本身,尤其是一個複雜的,多邊組織的運動?我們可
以容忍多大程度的失序?
運動訴求:訴求並非始終如一
運動訴求 政府回應
3/10-退回服貿、不可以逐條審查 3/11-服貿不能再拖、談判無權修改
3/17-張慶忠30秒通過服貿,送院會存查。
3/18-退回服貿、捍衛民主120小時
3/20-退回服貿、制定監督條例 3/21-總統召開院際會議,王金平拒絕出席。國
民黨團回應:服貿逐條審查表決。
3/22-退回服貿、制定監督條例(不回應則擴大抗
爭)
3/23-無法退回、逐條審查(逐條討論表決)
3/23-
議場:召開公民憲政會議、監督條例法制化、立
法前不得簽署協議、服貿退至行政院
外場:馬道歉,江下台、退回服貿、立法前不得
簽署協議
3/23-行政院強制驅離(晚間至清晨)
3/27-退回服貿、監督條例、公民憲政會議、立
法前不得簽署協議(330凱道遊行)
3/30-凱道大遊行(仍舊四項訴求)
3/29-承諾監督條例、服貿退至委員會、立法前
不得簽署協議(服貿例外)、憲政會議再看看
(總統馬英九)
4/6-監督條例立法前,不召開服貿相關之黨團協
商(立法院長王金平)
政府為何退讓?
 立法權與行政權的分裂
馬王分裂導致的權力分裂,使社運成為政治和民意上的籌碼。誰能解決社運,誰就代表
了權力的所有者。
 佔領公署創造了對於代議制的新詮釋
轉向直接民主。(但決策者倡議直接民主卻並未執行直接民主,這點後來會提及)
 國際社會的聲援和表態:美國、日本、等等國際媒體。
 新政治機會結構的出現
社運的權力佈署
社運的權力佈署
 內場:
 外場:
社科院:台大法律挺318、罷課串聯
自由台灣陣線:基進側翼、公投盟
公民論壇:台大社會所協助
糾察隊:1985、苗青
自發性聲援:本省黑幫、動保團體、其餘聲援群體
新社運面對老國家
 太陽花作為protest cycle 的initiator
項目 新社運 老國家
媒體 網路、直播、公民記者 電視、新聞、廣播
運動劇碼 割闌尾、佔領、鎮壓與抗爭、
靜坐遊行、香蕉與太陽花、
大腸花論壇、公民憲政會議
分化運動者、鎮壓、找另一群
人靜坐、下鄉宣傳、監控監聽、
海外黑名單、抹藍抹綠
決策模式 邊打邊學(多核心,但中心
仍有決策圈)
核心決策
論述 經濟+主權(最激烈的行動,
最溫和的訴求-最後收攏於
程序問題)
經濟論述(無法說服主權論述)
象徵形象 知識分子,專家。 官僚
訴求真的達到了嗎?
 檢視訴求
退回服貿-留在委員會
公民憲政會議-經貿會議
兩岸監督條例立法-承諾但未承諾哪個版本
立法前不得審查服貿-立法前不召開黨團協商
 既然沒達到,為何宣言是已達成,出關播種呢?
不小心改變的歷史與影響
 政治議程的拖延
運動前
4/10博鰲論壇→ 6月前服貿通過→ 6月貨貿簽署 → 自由經濟示範區→兩岸辦事處條例→
8月APEC(亞太經濟合作組織)馬習會。
運動後
4/10博鰲論壇→兩岸監督協議條例立法→ 6月前服貿通過→ 6月貨貿簽署 → 自由經濟示
範區→兩岸辦事處條例→ 8月APEC(亞太經濟合作組織)馬習會。
 民間社會”政治”概念的轉型
不小心改變的歷史與影響
 從代議制民主轉向代議/直接民主制度
http://appy.tw/
 增加了對複雜政策的理解能力
http://318fip.tumblr.com/
 台獨重新成為流行
和過去台灣民族主義不同的另一種國家主義和公民想像
國際回應:海洋台灣
國際回應:太陽花與地緣政治
 美國:歡迎加入TPP,僅告不得動武,支持民主和和平。
 歐盟:歡迎談判
 中國:取消張志軍跟馬英九見面、願意多聽台灣民間的意見,
和台灣社會溝通。
 日本:僅民間表態。政府部門美國協助釣島軍防。
 香港:台灣不要成為下一個香港。
太陽花啟示中的大學學科
 政治學:政黨政治和選票的一門學科,部分的修辭學。
 法律學:區辨合法性以及詮釋合法性的一門學科。將發生的事
件作為事實,和法規體系fit。
 經濟學:決定或判讀經濟數據,攸關生產率,工資,gdp的一
門學科。
 社會學:見樹也要見林,嘗試從結構思考問題的一門學科(社
會運動次領域,基本的馬克斯和抗爭傳統)。
 新聞學:思考傳播媒介與報導,以及決定或選擇報導觀點的一
門學科。
太陽花開時…開放問答

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給青少年的一門政治識讀課